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The near-horizon geometry of evaporation black holes is determined according to the semi-classical Einstein equation. We consider spherically symmetric configurations in which the collapsing star has already collapsed below the Schwarzschild radius. The back-reaction of the vacuum energy-momentum, including Hawking radiation, is taken into account. The vacuum energy-momentum plays a crucial role in a small neighborhood of the apparent horizon, as it appears at the leading order in the semi-classical Einstein equation. Our study is focused on the time-dependent geometry in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Based on an explicit computation of the scattering amplitude of four open membranes in a constant 3-form background, we construct a toy model of the field theory for open membranes in the large C field limit. It is a generalization of the noncommutative field theories which describe open strings in a constant 2-form flux. The noncommutativity due to the B-field background is now replaced by a nonassociative triplet product. The triplet product satisfies the consistency conditions of lattice 3D gravity, which is inherent in the world-volume theory of open membranes. We show the UV/IR mixing of the toy model by computing some Feynman diagrams. Inclusion of the internal degree of freedom is also possible through the idea of the cubic matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]