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Despite the growing literature on the determinants of inflation on the one hand and the effect of inflation on economic growth on the other hand, little is known about the role of insecurity in these analyses, particularly in the Central African countries. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of other neglected aspects of inflation by analyzing both its origins and its effects on the economy through the role of the security situation. The use of the system GMM on a panel of Central African countries during the period 2011–2017 reveals that, apart from traditional sources (money supply, economic growth, and oil rent), insecurity is also one of the origins of inflation. Moreover, inflation promotes economic growth while insecurity hinders it. Finally, the results also show that the coexistence of inflation and insecurity significantly constrains the production capacity of the economies of the sub-region. Thus, the resolution of the various present conflicts (internal and border) and the anticipation of possible future ones will make it probably to control the level of inflation as well as to eliminate this constraint which limits the production capacity of the economies of Central Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]