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The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health has been extensively examined, but the association between ACEs and sleep, emotion, behavior and academic outcomes of children and adolescents is not well known. A total of 6363 primary and middle school students were included to examine the effect of ACEs on sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement and further explore the mediation role of sleep quality and emotional and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with ACE exposure had 1.37 times risk of poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.55), 1.91 times risk of emotional and behavioral problems (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.69–2.15) and 1.21 times risk of self-reported lower academic achievement (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08–1.36). Most types of ACEs were significantly associated with poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement. There were dose-response relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and risk of poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower academic achievement. Sleep quality and emotional and behavioral performance mediated 45.9% of the effect of ACEs exposure on math scores and 15.2% of the effect of ACEs exposure on English scores. Early detection and prevention of ACEs among children and adolescents are urgent and essential, and targeted interventions for sleep and emotional and behavioral performance as well as early educational interventions are recommended for children with ACEs exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing studies have investigated inflammatory burden of adults with childhood adversity, but less is known about how childhood maltreatment affects the inflammation level of adolescents. Baseline data of a school cohort of physical and mental health status and life experience survey on primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province, China was used. Childhood maltreatment of children and adolescents was assessed by Chinese version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Urine samples were collected to assess levels of soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between childhood maltreatment exposure and risk of high inflammation burden. A total of 844 students were included with mean age 11.41 ± 1.57 years old. Adolescents with emotional abuse were significantly more likely to have high level of IL-6 (OR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.16–11.14). In addition, adolescents with emotional abuse were more likely to show high IL-6 and high suPAR combination (OR = 33.41, 95% CI 1.69–659.22), and high IL-6 and low CRP combination (OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.29–14.55). Subgroup analyses showed that emotional abuse was associated with high IL-6 burden among boys or adolescents with depression. Childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with higher burden of IL-6. Early detection and prevention of emotional abuse for children and adolescents, especially for boys or adolescents with depression status, may be helpful for preventing elevated inflammatory burden and related health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the association between nighttime sleep duration and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among rural preschool children. This longitudinal study including 1595 preschool children aged 3–6 years from 26 kindergartens in four counties was conducted in Anhui Province rural areas. Cross-lagged panel models and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the bidirectional association between nighttime sleep duration and EBPs and further explore the predictive effect of nighttime sleep duration on EBPs. Compared to baseline, preschool children at follow-up had significantly more nighttime sleep duration (10.01 ± 0.68 vs. 10.15 ± 0.69) and lower EBPs (total difficulties: 15.8% vs. 11.2%; prosocial behavior problems: 12.4% vs. 7.0%). Results of cross-lagged panel models indicated that nighttime sleep duration was a predictor for EBPs, but not vice versa. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that each 1-h increase in nighttime sleep duration at T1 was associated with a 0.77-fold reduction in the risk of total difficulties at T2 (the most adjusted OR = 0.774, 95% CI 0.607–0.988, P = 0.040), but not with the prosocial behavior. Interestingly, the predictive effect of nighttime sleep duration at T1 on EBPs at T2 was only found in girls, children aged 3 years and children with lower maternal education. The decreased nighttime sleep duration may predict future EBPs, especially in girls, younger preschool children and children with lower maternal education. Extending sleep duration may improve EBPs in preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the development of psychological resilience and its associations with emotional and behavioral health among preschool left-behind children (LBC). Methods: LBC in 26 preschools of Fuyang City, Hefei City, and Maanshan City of Anhui Province were included at baseline survey; and baseline children in the junior and middle classes of preschools as targeted samples were recruited for the 1-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine associations of psychological resilience with emotional and behavioral health. Results: In total, 1463 LBC were included at baseline and 568 of the 905 targeted LBC completed the 1-year follow-up. Change patterns of psychological resilience were identified as the stable-high pattern (19.0%), increasing pattern (18.3%), declining pattern (15.9%), and stable-low pattern (46.8%). The results showed that psychological resilience at baseline was positively associated with later dietary behavior habits and prosocial behaviors, and negatively associated with later problematic behaviors and sleep problems. In addition, children with the declining pattern had more problematic behaviors and sleep problems, and fewer prosocial behaviors at follow-up. Children with the increasing pattern and stable-high pattern had more prosocial behaviors, better dietary behavior habits, and fewer problematic behaviors and sleep problems at follow-up. Conclusions: The majority of preschool LBC had lower psychological resilience and its level among some LBC changed during the follow-up. Higher psychological resilience was a protective factor for emotional and behavioral health. Timely assessing psychological resilience and then strengthening it are needed to promote the emotional and behavioral health of preschool LBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantitatively describe the developmental characteristics of tectonic fractures in shale reservoirs, taking the early Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area in southern Sichuan, China, as an example, the fracture characteristics are described through fracture observations in field outcrops and in cores. The paleotectonic stress field is reconstructed by a numerical simulation method to predict the distribution of tectonic fractures. According to the evolution and characteristics of the study area, two geological models of the main tectonic stages of fracture development are established: the late Yanshanian to early Himalayan and the middle Himalayan to late Himalayan. The results show that the paleotectonic stress in the study area is mainly compressive stress and that the stress is high in the upper part of the structure. In the fault zone, the stress decreases and releases stress. The grade I fracture development area is mainly located near NE-trending faults, has a fracture coefficient of > 1.132, and is strip-shaped, which may lead to shale gas leakage and greatly impact shale gas productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study grouting effects of soft and crushing floors using the Fenyuan Coal Company's mine as an experimental mine. We employ physical exploration, hole inspection, the permeability coefficient, and P-Q-t to evaluate the grouting effects of floor undulation while water inflows are monitored. The results show that the rich water area disappears and builds resistance after grouting. The integrity of the floor strata is improved, and inflows of water into the hole are reduced by 93.3% after grouting. The permeability coefficient of the strata is measured as 1.62 × 10-5 ~ 1.74 × 10-5 cm/s after grouting, the number of fractures is reduced to 35, and fracture widths are significantly decreased after grouting. Inflows of water through the face remain as 60 m/h less than the drainage capacity of the face and thus meet safe mining requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high rank coal was tested in terms of loading and unloading to characterize changes in the permeability and effective porosity of tectonically deformed coals. The coal sample, an anthracite, is subdivided into four types according to its structure, namely, the primary structure coal, cataclastic coal (the weakest deformation coal), granulated coal (the moderate deformation coal), and mylonitic coal (the intensest deformation coal); the latter three types are considered to be tectonic deformation coals. Permeability of tectonically deformed coals shows a negative exponential relation to stress. The intenser the structural deformation in coal is, the lower the permeability. Two evaluation parameters, namely, loss rate m (0.8318-0.9476) and damage rate n (0.447-0.6556), which are related to changes in permeability, increase with increasing structural deformation in coal. The cleat compressibility factor declines with increasing difference in effective stress and increases with increasing structural deformation in coal. This study proposes a calculation method for evaluating the porosity damage. Similar to the loss ratio and damage rate, this parameter ( η) increases with increasing structural deformation in coal and reveals the relationship between the porosity damage and the structural deformation in coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of natural fractures restricts petroleum exploration and development of tight gas sandstone reservoirs. Taking Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area of Sichuan basin as an example, the effectiveness of natural fractures is studied by using outcrop, core, thin slice, imaging logging, and production data. Natural fractures of Xujiahe Formation are relatively well developed and structural shear fractures are the most developed ones, which mainly composed of high angle fractures and almost perpendicular to rock stratum. Statistics of fracture basic parameters (outcrop, core, and thin slice) are done and the fracture density is calculated. The main strike of the fractures is NW-SE, nearly E-W, nearly S-N, and NE-SW, formation period can be divided into four stages. The controlling factors of the fracture effectiveness are fracture filling and opening degree, fracture formation period, and the maximum horizontal principal stress. There are obvious differences in the effectiveness of different fracture types and occurrences, the effectiveness of high angle fractures, vertical fractures, and the fracture strike of NW-SE, nearly E-W is the best, which is of great significance for the development of tight gas sandstone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]