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Abstract When faced with incivility from service recipients, do volunteers feel damaged? As few previous studies have explored this issue, this study uses the conservation of resources theory to investigate the mechanisms through which incivility affects volunteer engagement and burnout, based on three-wave survey data from 1675 volunteers. This study develops a moderated mediation model to examine the effect of incivility on volunteer outcomes. We find that incivility affected volunteers’ subsequent outcomes, reducing engagement and increasing volunteer burnout by lowering volunteers’ psychological detachment. Volunteers’ hostile attribution bias played a moderating role, amplifying the negative impact of incivility on psychological detachment. Hostile attribution bias also enhanced the mediating effect of incivility on volunteer engagement and increased volunteer burnout by reducing psychological detachment. Besides developing a moderated mediation model, this study also proposes that managers should pay attention to strengthening volunteer training and providing psychological counseling to improve psychological detachment for volunteers experienced with incivility from service recipients.

Introduction: To compare the effect of bowel resection vs stripping on the clinical outcomes of patients with FIGO II–IV ovarian cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with FIGO II–IV ovarian cancer who suffered from bowel involvement and underwent cytoreductive surgery between January 2014 and March 2022. Patients' survival was compared by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Four hundred and twelve patients were included. 48 patients underwent bowel resection (BR), and 364 patients underwent bowel tumor stripping (BTS). The BR group had longer operative duration, hospital stay, time to post-operative chemotherapy, and more intraoperative bleeding. The median PFS was 37 months (95% CI 12–62) in BTS compared to 25 months (95% CI 10–40) in BR among patients who achieved R0 resection (p = 0.590). Among those with R1 resection, the median PFS in BST was 23 months (95% CI 16–30) and that in BR was 15 months (95% CI 12–18, p = 0.136); moreover, a favorable median PFS was observed in BTS with residual bowel lesions (23 months, 95% CI 14–32), compared to BR (15 months, 95% CI 12–18, p = 0.144). Multivariate analysis indicated that FIGO stage, PCI, cytoreduction time and residual lesions were independent prognostic factors of PFS. Conclusion: For patients with FIGO stage II–IV ovarian cancer with bowel implicated, bowel resection is necessary to achieve complete removal to improve the survival. If complete resection was judged unfeasible, cautious decision of bowel resection is required. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy might reduce the ratio of bowel resection for some with mesenteric involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation and failure of mining slopes in layered rocks predominantly result from shear landslides. However, the instability process of the Pusa rock avalanche in Guizhou, China, revealed a unique damage phenomenon: prominent breaking and toppling of rock blocks occurred in the central section of the mountain, with a lack of commonly observed shear landslide features. This paper aims to investigate the underlying reasons behind this distinctive damage pattern. The study employs various methods including geological survey, UAV aerial survey, physical simulation, and discrete element numerical simulation. The findings indicate that the geological conditions, characterized by a hard upper layer and a soft lower layer along with underground mining activities, play a significant role in triggering the landslide. Furthermore, the presence of a columnar structured rock mass emerges as the primary factor influencing the instability of the Pusa rock avalanche. To elucidate the mining failure mechanism of the rock mass with vertical joints, we propose a "subsidence-buckling" failure model. Following the subsidence and collapse of the roof rock mass in the goaf, the columnar rock mass in the upper and middle portions of the slope undergoes deflection and deformation, forming a three-hinged arch structure. This structural configuration converts the pressure exerted by the overlying rock mass into both vertical pressure and lateral thrust. Under the influence of external loads, the slope experiences buckling failure, ultimately leading to instability upon fragmentation. By shedding light on these findings, this study contributes to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of mining slope fractures and their impact on slope stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of ethical leadership on employee attitudes (affective commitment and job satisfaction) and to examine the role of psychological empowerment as a potential mediator of these relationships. In total, 467 employees in Chinese public sector completed surveys across three separate waves. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test hypotheses. The paper found a positive relationship between ethical leadership and both employee attitudes and further reveals that psychological empowerment fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and affective commitment while partially mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Testing of above relationships via a mediated approach is novel and contributes to the research on ethical leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the ecological environment along highways in Tibetan Plateau has been severely affected due to the rapid construction of highways. In order to solve the problems of multiple indicators and inconsistent criteria in the ecological impact assessment of highways, and to scientifically screen assessment indicators, the paper proposes a multi-round indicator screening method, which combines literature analysis, expert rating, and statistical analysis. Based on this screening method, normalized difference vegetation index, land surface temperature, elevation, and normalized difference soil index are screened out. Combined with multiple linear regression, an ecological impact assessment model is established and applied to ecological impact assessment of Gonghe-Yushu Expressway. The results show that the expressway construction is the first driving force for the deterioration of the ecological environment along the roadside, and its interference range on the desert grassland ecosystem is greater than that on the agroforestry system. The ecological environment within 150 m on both sides of the expressway should be protected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of FeCrSi alloys with Cr concentration in the range of 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 2.75. The L2 phase is found to be a more stable one in comparison with the A15 phase for x ≤ 1.50 beyond which the A15 phase becomes more stable. Alloys with the stable L2 phase are found to be metallic for x ≤ 0.75, however, a half metallic behavior is found at x = 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 with band gaps of 0.60, 0.24, and 0.21 eV, respectively. In contrast, all A15 structures are found to be metallic. The total magnetic moments are found to decrease for L2 phase from 14.4 μ/cell at x = 0.25 to zero at x = 2.00 with non-integer values for the metallic structures and integer values for the half-metallic. However, a monotonic decrease is found for the case of A15 phase with values larger than those of L2 phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorothalonil (2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, TPN) has been widely used as a wide-spectrum fungicide in China and other countries, and is considered to be an important soil and water contaminant. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel TPN-degrading bacterial strain TP-D1 from a heavily TPN-polluted soil in Henan Province, China, and identified it as a strain of Ochrobactrum lupini based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and its morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Strain TP-D1 could degrade 90.4 and 99.7% of TPN after 4- and 7-day incubation in mineral salt broth with 50 mg TPN l and in autoclaved soil with 50 μg TPN g, respectively. Two new metabolites, methyl 2, 5, 6-trichloro-3-cyano-4-methoxy-benzoate (metabolite C) and methyl 3-cyano-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachlorobenzoate (metabolite D), were detected besides previously reported 4-hydroxy-2, 5, 6-trichloroisophthalonitrile (TPN-OH, metabolite A). This result suggests that the cyano-group in TPN could be converted into amide groups by strain TP-D1, and reveal the biodegradation mechanism of TPN in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen absorption kinetics of TA15 titanium alloy at 973-1123 K was studied using a tube-type hydrogen treatment furnace. The hydrogen absorption kinetic curves obtained were analyzed according to a series of mechanism equations to reveal the kinetic parameters and mechanism of the hydrogen absorption process. The results show that both the hydrogen absorption rate and the equilibrium hydrogen pressure increase and the time to reach equilibrium is shortened with increasing temperature. It is found that only the second hydrogen absorption period exists in the hydrogen absorption process of TA15 alloy between 973 and 1123 K, and the activation energy is 54.889 kJ/mol for hydrogen absorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrate that δ hydride forms between 973 and 1123 K, and β phase decreases with the increase of temperature. Orthorhombic α″ martensite is generated at 1073-1123 K, and their amount increases with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

novel series of nonionic bolaamphiphiles-polyurethane amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by addition polymerization. Their chemical structures were characterized using FTIR and H-NMR spectra. The critical micelle concentration was determined by surface tensiometer and UV-vis absorption spectra. The surface behaviors of copolymers at air/water interface were also investigated including the effects of concentration, molecular structure, electrolytes, and rest time. The results show that these bolaform polyurethane amphiphilic block copolymers exhibited excellent surface activity: PU could attain surface tension as low as 35.6 mN m. According to the images of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the copolymers could self-assemble star-like aggregates comprised of hydrophobic block PPO surrounded by hydrophilic block PEO. Moreover, variation of concentration, the weight fraction of the hydrophilic block (f), and the molecular weight of the copolymers could lead to the transformation of micelle (or premicelle) morphology. This provides a new and simple way to obtain nanoparticles with control over structure on the nanometer scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the entropy density near the event horizon, the result has been obtained that the thermal radiation of the black hole satisfies the generalized Stenfan-Boltzmann law. The derived generalized Stenfan-Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant, but a proportional coefficient related to the black hole mass, the black hole charge, the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles near the event horizon, the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness. For an extreme Reissner-Nordström black hole, radiation energy flux and radiation power are all equal to zero. Then, the generalized Stenfan-Boltzmann law will lead to a black hole remnant. In this paper, we have put forward a thermal particle model in curved space-time. By this model, the thermal radiation of the Reissner-Nordström black hole has been studied. The result shows that when the thin film thickness and the cut-off distance are both fixed for the Reissner-Nordström black hole, the radiation energy flux received by observer far away from the Reissner-Nordström black hole is proportional to the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the observer and the black hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying the entropy density near the event horizon, we obtained the result that the radiation energy flux of the black hole is always proportional to the quartic of the temperature of its event horizon. That is to say, the thermal radiation of the black hole always satisfies the generalized Stefan–Boltzmann law. The derived generalized Stefan–Boltzmann coefficient is no longer a constant. When the cut-off distance and the thin film thickness are both fixed, it is a proportional coefficient which is related to the black hole mass, the kinds of radiation particles and space–time metric near the event horizon. In this paper, we have put forward a thermal particle model in curved space–time. By this model, the result has been obtained that when the thin film thickness and the cut-off distance are both fixed, the radiation energy flux received by observer far away from the Schwarzschild black hole is proportional to the average radial effusion velocity of the radiation particles in the thin film, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the observer and the black hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying quantum tunneling method, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of Garfinkle-Horowitz-Stromingen dilaton black hole. In this way, the emission rates of massless particles and massive particles tunneling across the event horizon of black holes is obtained. The result shows that the radiation spectrum of these two different kinds of outgoing particles is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, which is no longer precisely thermal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius is a commercially important species in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, but there is limited knowledge of its genetic population structure. In order to detect its genetic structure , sequence variation of the first hypervariable segment of the control region was analyzed among eight populations of S. niphonius from the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. A total of 119 polymorphic sites were detected in the 505-bp segment of the control region among 134 individuals of S. niphonius, defining 112 haplotypes. Mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the eight populations were 0.9963 ± 0.0017 and 0.0236 ± 0.0119, respectively. As expected, analysis of molecular variance detected no significant differences at all hierarchical levels, and most of the conventional population ΦST statistics were negative, indicating that no significant population genetic structure exists in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Moreover, the exact test of differentiation supported the null hypothesis that S. niphonius within the East China Sea and Yellow Sea constitutes a panmictic mtDNA gene pool. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution revealed that S. niphonius underwent population expansion in the late Pleistocene. Strong dispersal capacity of larvae and adults, long-distance migrations, and ocean currents in the studied area could be the reasons for genetic homogeneity in this species in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Insufficient time to accumulate genetic variation might be another explanation for the lack of genetic structure in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]