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Advanced radiation therapy requires advanced instrumentation for dose delivery and beam monitoring. On the other side, research and development of state-of-the-art radiation detectors require research and the development of advanced techniques and instrumentation for characterizing these detectors. The newly developed timing sensors with good spatial and timing resolution, such as low gain avalanche diodes, become very attractive devices to be exploited and integrated in an innovative way into pCT, PET systems, or some other hybrid technologies for microdosimetry. For this purpose, a high fill factor (the ratio of the active area and the total sensor area) and excellent isolation of pixels must be achieved. In the scope of study of the region between the two pixels, the two characterization techniques are presented in this paper: ion beam induced charge (IBIC) and two-photon absorption-transient current technique (TPA-TCT). The accuracy of methods and the precision of the measurements of the interpad distance (IP) are investigated by comparing the experimental data to the nominal values provided by vendors of the prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the status of a users' end-station, MAC: a Multipurpose station for Atomic, molecular and optical sciences and Coherent diffractive imaging, designed for studies of structure and dynamics of matter in the femtosecond time-domain. MAC is located in the E1 experimental hall on the high harmonic generation (HHG) beamline of the ELI Beamlines facility. The extreme ultraviolet beam from the HHG beamline can be used at the MAC end-station together with a synchronized pump beam (which will cover the NIR/Vis/UV or THz range) for time-resolved experiments on different samples. Sample delivery systems at the MAC end-station include a molecular beam, a source for pure or doped clusters, ultrathin cylindrical or flat liquid jets, and focused beams of substrate-free nanoparticles produced by an electrospray or a gas dynamic virtual nozzle combined with an aerodynamic lens stack. We further present the available detectors: electron/ion time-of-flight and velocity map imaging spectrometers and an X-ray camera, and discuss future upgrades: a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer, production of doped nanodroplets and the planned developments of beam capabilities at the MAC end-station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]