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China's urbanization has taken a unique course with carefully planned economic growth, since last four decades. Economic development zones are exclusive spaces, representing the intimate connection between political authority and urbanization. The imbalanced spatial development of China's economy leads to transfer of industries among different regions of Anhui province. This inter-regional transferring of industries is not only reflecting the dynamic changes of factor endowments among the regions but also an important way to promote the development of under-developed regions. The Wanjiang Demonstration Area (WDA) was selected to undertake industrial transfer, and it results in industrial transfer rely on synergistic effect of technology and local talent. This study analyzed the synergistic effect of technology and local talent of WDA industry transfer by using entropy value method and coupling coordination degree model based on discussing the talent factors that influence the technical level. The result indicates that talent level index (66,190.23, Uj) is much higher than technology level index (1793.65, Ui); coordination degrees of technology and talent in WDA with the values ranging from 0.09 to 2.16 were found and also manifesting low coupling coordination and system imbalance. As per the coupling method, synergistic effects of technology and talent of industry transfer in WDA are basically in a low coupling stage, and the coupling degree ranges were from 0.10 to 0.19. There were regional variations in the metrics that measure talent and technology including (composite index, coupling degree and coordination degree). All indices in the Hefei city are much greater than those in other nearby areas; with the exception of the coupling degree, in resulting regional barriers should be avoided and unrestricted exchanges of talent and technology should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how a discourse about the role and value of public participation in science, technology, and innovation emerged and evolved in the research policies of the European Commission. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, two main discourses have been successively institutionalized: the first focused on participation in policy-making, while the second aimed at participation in the production of knowledge and innovation. This paper distinguishes three main institutional phases: (i) a phase dedicated to public participation in the governance of science and technology (2000–2010); (ii) a reframing period of science and technology policies by the Commission to integrate the growing emphasis on innovation (2010–2014); (iii) a period focusing on co-creation and citizen science as new ways to involve the public in science and technology (2014-today). Factors such as individual commitments of key policy actors, specific epistemic communities and institutional dynamics within the Commission played a crucial role in shaping the policies of participation. But broader factors are also essential to account for these changes. In this respect, the economic crisis of the late 2000s appears fundamental to understanding how the conception and promotion of public participation in the European science and technology policies have evolved over time. This paper thus offers new insights to the analysis of the political economy of public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the topic of "women in research and innovation" has been on the agenda for decades and numerous measures have been implemented at both national and supranational levels to improve gender equality in research and innovation systems, it is still unclear which measures and under which conditions these measures are most effective. Even less research has been carried out on the effects of better representation of women in terms of research and innovation. This paper is based on the application of an innovative evaluation framework, which encompasses complexity and theory of change approaches and aims at exploring the link between interventions and their subsequent effects to two case studies. We discuss two major German flagship programmes aiming at increasing the participation of female researchers in the science system, the "Women Professorship Programme" and the "Pact for Research and Innovation". Through the two programmes, we tested and validated the evaluation framework and its indicators. As part of the validation process, a theory of change has been developed for each of the programmes. The theory-based evaluation approach helped not only to identify gender equality impacts but also broader effects on research and innovation that might have otherwise remained undetected. We studied the effects of the two programmes on the number of women in leadership positions and analysed whether an increase in the proportion of women leaders influences publication patterns. Although linear linkages are challenging to establish due to the complexity of the process, the findings suggest that the flagship programmes have contributed not only to higher shares of women researchers but also to improved female publication and citation rates. There are clear benefits for Germany in terms of scientific results from the increased proportion of female researchers in research and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a systematic literature review, analysis and discussion of methods that are proposed to practise ethics in research and innovation (R&I). Ethical considerations concerning the impacts of R&I are increasingly important, due to the quickening pace of technological innovation and the ubiquitous use of the outcomes of R&I processes in society. For this reason, several methods for practising ethics have been developed in different fields of R&I. The paper first of all presents a systematic search of academic sources that present and discuss such methods. Secondly, it provides a categorisation of these methods according to three main kinds: (1) ex ante methods, dealing with emerging technologies, (2) intra methods, dealing with technology design, and (3) ex post methods, dealing with ethical analysis of existing technologies. Thirdly, it discusses the methods by considering problems in the way they deal with the uncertainty of technological change, ethical technology design, the identification, analysis and resolving of ethical impacts of technologies and stakeholder participation. The results and discussion of our literature review are valuable for gaining an overview of the state of the art and serve as an outline of a future research agenda of methods for practising ethics in R&I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, evaluation and impact assessments (IA) of research and innovation (R&I) policies have become of interest both to scholars and policy makers. This paper examines public programmes and regulations aimed at stimulating R&I in Russian universities. For this purpose, 299 universities were surveyed in 2013-2014 to reveal their demand for relevant policies and the effects of these policies. We surveyed not only users and beneficiaries of the programmes, but also non-participating universities. Based on survey results, we assess the impact of the policies on universities and suggest recommendations to improve state regulations and evaluation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We illustrate the usefulness of an Ontology-Based Data Management (OBDM) approach to develop an open information system, allowing for a deep level of interoperability among different databases, and accounting for additional dimensions of data quality compared to the standard dimensions of the OECD (Quality framework and guidelines for OECD statistical activities, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2011) Quality Framework. Recent advances in engineering in computer science provide promising tools to solve some of the crucial issues in data integration for Research and Innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the methodology that underlies the development of the state scientometric system in the Russian Federation. International practices of scientometric system design are explored. The goals and targets of the Russian scientometric system are defined. The selection principles are formulated. A set of scientometric indicators is proposed for the inclusion in the Russian scientometric system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the pathway to an international cooperation approach to facilitate the setting up of an innovation-friendly environment in Mediterranean partner countries (MPC). The MPC are in fact a priority for the EU, especially after the Arab spring in 2011. The innovation and technology gap in the Mediterranean area, compared to the main global competitors, depends not only on the limited capacity to bring the knowledge generated into the market by creating a stable and strong link between research and business but also on the need to establish some cultural-based values as described in the quadruple helix model. In response to these challenges, the Mediterranean area has to review and improve research and innovation (R&I) capacities and systems (The European Commission, 2012). The European Union has addressed these priorities by enhancing cooperation between research and innovation actors on both sides as well as by transferring innovation management skills and successful experiences that could be tailored and adapted to the local needs. In the current context of open innovation where innovation relies on information, knowledge flow and networking, the low level of collaborations and interactions among the main actors of innovation are one of the principle factors hampering the innovation deployment in Mediterranean societies. If we move from the open innovation to the targeted open innovation, it is possible to define some specific targets/smart specialization that could support the regional development. This emerges clearly from the present work; the main hurdles to the setting up of an innovation-friendly ecosystem can be hereinafter summarized: (a) cultural aspects, including innovation culture; (b) rigid administrative and regulatory framework in the Mediterranean area (it is often considered rigid and unclear, too bureaucratic with consequence in researchers' behaviours with external actors); (c) researchers' mobility obstacles; (d) complex and not recognized patent exploitation procedures and IPR process and (e) lack of smart specialization strategies. These factors are able to affect the research and innovation activities, the technology transfer model and its adaptation in different geographical areas. It is not possible not to take into consideration these aspects, especially in the framework of international cooperation. In this paper, we offer a case study developed in the context of international cooperation. The study offers elements in order to create a model for a suitable environment for knowledge exploitation in the context of the international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]