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Purpose: To report the result of the bone graft retrograde pedicled with the tibialis anterior muscle belly for the treatment of bone defect of tibia. Methods: Between 2017 and 2020, the bone graft pedicled with the tibialis anterior muscle was applied for the treatment of 11 patients with a cortical defect and nonunion of the tibia due to trauma and one patient with segmental bone defect caused by tramatic osteomyelitis. The tibialis anterior has the largest muscle belly, but has not been commonly used due to functional disability following use as transposition muscle flap. New anatomic and clinical data confirm that the distal half of this group of muscles can be transposed with the tendon left intact with no noticeable loss of muscle function. Based on the vascular nutrition of this muscle, we performed a retrograde pedicled bone graft using the muscle belly, thus preserving the function of this muscle. Result: The operation was relatively simple and early bone unions have been achieved without any complications. Conclusion: The bone graft pedicled with the tibialis anterior muscle is useful for the treatment of bone defect of the tibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy-efficient resource allocation in mobile network is of great importance in reducing the total energy consumption of the network and its operational cost, thus realizing green communication. In this study, a novel resource block allocation method to minimize the total energy consumption of a carrier aggregation based LTE-A network by taking into account its energy balance between downlink and uplink is proposed. The resource block allocation problem has been considered and solved in the aspects of (i) optimization of bandwidth and power allocation and (ii) resource block allocation based on the allocated bandwidth and power. A mathematical model and some transformations concerning these aspects have been presented and evaluated by simulation using iteration method. Simulation results show that the proposed model and its solution methods are correct and the proposed method is effective in minimizing total network energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]