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Scientific objectives, instruments, and measurement program of the scientific instrumentation of the Kazachok stationary landing platform of the State Corporation Roscosmos and the European Space Agency (ESA) ExoMars-2022 project are presented. The scientific objectives of research on the landing platform included the long-term climate monitoring, the studies of the atmospheric composition, the mechanisms for dust lifting and related electrical phenomena, atmosphere–surface interactions, the subsurface water abundance, monitoring the radiation situation, and the study of Mars internal structure. To address these problems, 11 Russian and two European instruments with a total mass of 45 kg were built, tested and integrated into the spacecraft. These include a television camera system, meteorological complexes, a suite for studying dust and related electrical phenomena, optical spectrometers and an analytical complex for studying the atmospheric composition, a microwave radiometer, the neutron and gamma spectrometers for surface research, a seismometer, magnetometers and a Mars proper motion experiment to study its internal structure. Although the ExoMars-2022 project has been discontinued, the scientific objectives of the landing platform have not lost their relevance, and the technical solutions and developments implemented in scientific equipment are of interest and promising for further Mars exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lidar device as part of the meteorological complex of the ExoMars-2022 landing platform is designed to study Martian aerosol, the planetary boundary layer, and small-scale atmospheric turbulence. A miniature lidar based on a pulsed semiconductor laser and an avalanche photodiode in the photon counting mode will make it possible to obtain aerosol backscattering profiles along a vertical path from 10 to 1500 m during the day and from 15 to 10 000 m at night. In the passive mode, the sky brightness is measured in a narrow spectral range and in a narrow solid angle with a frequency of up to hundreds of hertz. The measured fluctuations can provide information about the turbulence of the daytime atmosphere and its relation to dust activity. In the paper we considered the scientific tasks of the experiment, the program of measurements on the surface of Mars and described in detail the components of the equipment and the features of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094623330018 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a mathematical model for predicting the occurrence and the course of development of ischemic lesions of the lower extremities, diagnosing the disease stages, and choosing rational prevention and treatment schedules based on the use of hybrid fuzzy mathematical models. The mathematical models suggested for this purpose use knowledge bases of intellectual systems for decision support in vascular surgery and angiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models for differential diagnosis of serous and purulent forms of pyelonephritis with identification of a transitional class of states were constructed. The diagnostic effectiveness of decisions was shown to exceed 0.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure for diabatization of quantum-chemical data is proposed that allows one to surmount the problem of -shaped peaks of nonadiabatic matrix elements by passing to a hybrid diabatic representation of a system of coupled channel equations of nuclear dynamics with the use of model nonadiabatic matrix elements that approach initially specified matrix elements. Results of the application of this method within the framework of the Landau-Zener model are presented for the example of the CaH collision system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Möessbauer spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the mineralogical analysis of Fe-bearing materials. The miniaturized Möessbauer spectrometer MIMOS II has already been working on the surface of Mars for 6 years as part of the NASA Mars Exploration Rovers mission. The improved version of the instrument is a component of the scientific payload of the Phobos-Grunt mission. The scientific objectives of the instrument are the following: to identify the iron-bearing phases, to determine the quantitative distribution of iron among these phases, and to determine the distribution of iron among its oxidation states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]