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With rapid economic development, the size of urban land in China is expanding dramatically. The Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) is an expandable spatial boundary for urban construction in a certain period in order to control the urban sprawl. Reasonable delineation of UGB can inhibit the disorderly spread of urban space and guide the normal development of the city. It is of practical significance for the construction of green urban space. The study utilizes GIS technology to establish a land construction suitability evaluation system for Nankang city, which is experiencing rapid urban expansion, and outlines the preliminary UGB under the future land use simulation (FLUS) model. At the same time, considering the coupled coordination of "Production-Living-Ecological Space", and based on the suitability evaluation, we revised the preliminary UGB by combining the advantages of the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and the convex hull model to delineate the final UGB. The results show that: 1) the comprehensive score of the evaluation of the suitability of the construction of land from high to low shows the distribution of the center of the city to the surrounding circle type spread, the center of the city has the highest suitability score. The results of convex hull model show that the urban expansion type of Nankang is epitaxial. In the future, the urban expansion will mainly occur in the northern part of the city. The PLUS model predicts an increase of 3359.97 hm2 of construction land in Nankang by 2035, of which 2022.97 hm2 is urban construction land. 2) The FLUS model has a prediction accuracy of 86.3% and delineates a preliminary UGB area of 9215.07 hm2. 3) We used the results of the construction suitability evaluation, PLUS model simulation results, and convex hull model predictions to revise the originally delineated UGB. The final delineated UGB area is 8895.67 hm2 and it is capable of meeting the future development of the study area. The results of the delineation can promote sustainable urban development, and the delineation methodology can provide a reference basis for the preparation of territorial spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling spatial variation in agricultural field trials is the most important step to compare treatments efficiently and accurately. Spatial variability can be controlled at the experimental design level with the assignment of treatments to experimental units and at the modeling level with the use of spatial corrections and other modeling strategies. The goal of this study was to compare the efficiency of methods used to control spatial variation in a wide range of scenarios using a simulation approach based on real wheat data. Specifically, classic and spatial experimental designs with and without a two-dimensional autoregressive spatial correction were evaluated in scenarios that include differing experimental unit sizes, experiment sizes, relationships among genotypes, genotype by environment interaction levels, and trait heritabilities. Fully replicated designs outperformed partially and unreplicated designs in terms of accuracy; the alpha-lattice incomplete block design was best in all scenarios of the medium-sized experiments. However, in terms of response to selection, partially replicated experiments that evaluate large population sizes were superior in most scenarios. The AR1 × AR1 spatial correction had little benefit in most scenarios except for the medium-sized experiments with the largest experimental unit size and low GE. Overall, the results from this study provide a guide to researchers designing and analyzing large field experiments. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various applied electro-optical devices, which utilize light emitting didoe (LED) chip array for applications to displays and opto-electronic sensors. In those devices, it is the one of the critical technical issues to minimize uncertain fluctuations including optical power and optical density. Due to variation in operating environment of a device, those are not corrected precisely by controlling parameters based on simple relation between parameters and resultant abovementioned outputs. Therefore, there is essential need to correct outputs in real-time based on correction function generated from the consideration on various operation condition. In this article, we introduce an output correction method through reporting real-time image noise reduction in the application to electro-photography with LED print head. In the technology of LED print head, as differences in optical characteristics between each LED cause vertical image noise, it should be corrected in order to obtain images that are comparable or better in quality compared to those produced by the conventional laser scanning method. Even though it seems that the method used to obtain uniform light power from each LED can solve this problem, it does not work well for high-resolution printing. Therefore, a scan method involving correction by a printed and scanned pattern is introduced through this work. The scan method is composed of correction patterns to minimize printing noise by its shape, the correction algorithm to calculate the optimized value and the printing algorithm to control gray levels in real-time precisely. We believe that the developed correction method upgrades the printing quality of the LPH printer better than commercial printers. The developed correction method can also be applied to various application areas that use an array-type light source such as display systems and lighting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]