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Key message: A wild-allele GsPP2C-51-a1 of Glyma.14g162100 was identified in SojaCSSLP5, back to wild soybean, conferring drought tolerance. Its functions were verified in transgenic hairy root soybeans and Arabidopsis under water deficit and ABA treatment. A population of wild soybean chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), SojaCSSLP5, with NN1138-2 as the cultivated recurrent parent and N24852 as the wild donor parent, was used to identify drought-tolerant loci/segments from the donor. Relative shoot dry weight, a tolerance indicator, varied significantly among the parents and CSSLs. Six drought tolerance loci/segments were detected in SojaCSSLP5, including Gm14_LDB_21 with GsPP2C-51 (Glyma.14g162100) as one of the four possible genes. This gene belongs to the F1 clade of protein phosphatase 2C based on gene ontology annotation, qPCR, and previous research results. Glyma.14g162100 was traced back to the Chinese germplasm population, in which four alleles existed on the locus, with soja holding all four, and max holding only two without any new alleles emerging. N24852 and NN1138-2 hold a1 and a2, respectively. The GsPP2C-51 protein was located inside the nucleus. In transgenic hairy root composite soybean, the GsPP2C-51-a1 overexpressed plants maintained a higher leaf fresh weight (tolerance) under 15% PEG stress compared to the empty vector plants. This was strongly supported by improved tolerance, chlorophyll content, and a series of physiological responses in GsPP2C-51-a1 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants under water deficit and abscisic acid treatments. Thus, the wild-type allele GsPP2C-51-a1 (Glyma.14g162100a1) from N24852 positively regulates plant drought tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trapping behavior of hydrogen atoms at the interfaces between different precipitated carbides (TiC, VC and NbC) and ferrite matrix under alloying elements (Mn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni and Si) are studied by first-principles method. The trapping ability of different interface traps are quantitatively compared by analyzing the segregation energies of hydrogen atoms. The trapping ability of mismatched dislocation cores and their intersections is stronger than that of coherent interfaces. The orders of H trapping ability of the carbides in different interface traps are discussed. It is found that the addition of alloy elements leads to an increasement in the segregation energy relative to their corresponding sites in the clean interface, except for Cu addition in VC/Fe and TiC/Fe and Ni in VC/Fe Fe-on-C configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a "planning and control" scheme combining asymmetric hysteresis compensation and a command-filtered finite-time controller is developed for the force control of a compliant grinding mechanism (CGM) driven by a double-acting cylinder (DAC) with asymmetric time-varying air pressure constraints (ATAPCs). In the planning section, a novel hysteresis model that can be employed to characterize asymmetric hysteresis loops is developed by fusing higher-order polynomials, deadband operators, and play operators. Moreover, its inverse model is constructed successfully via a modified inverse multiplicative structure (MIMS) for planning the desired air pressure from the desired contact force. In the control section, a reduced-order state observer (ROSO) and a disturbance observer (DO) are proposed to observe the rate of change of air pressure (RCAP) and external disturbance, respectively. By introducing an asymmetric time-varying barrier function (ATBF), the problem that the time-varying output constraint function must be strictly positive or strictly negative in the nonlinear state-dependent transformation method is eliminated while realizing the ATAPCs. With the help of a c 1 continuous switching function, a practical finite-time command-filtered controller is established, which avoids the singularity problem arising from the derivation of the virtual controller in the finite-time backstepping approaches. Finally, hardware experiments verify the effectiveness of the presented practical finite-time command-filtered controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of pressure on structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of Zr3XC2(X=Cd, Sb) predicted by first-principles calculation. Zr3XC2(X=Cd, Sb) has elastic anisotropy at 0 ~ 40GPa. Thermodynamic properties at different pressure and temperature are investigated by full quasi-harmonic approximation (full QHA). The Debye temperature of Zr3XC2 is more sensitive to pressure change than temperature change. The optical calculation shows the plasma frequency of Zr3XC2(X=Cd, Sb) is 35.13eV and 35.38eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the active traveling wave vibration control of an elastic supported rotating porous aluminium conical shell (CS) under impact loading. Piezoelectric smart materials in the form of micro fiber composites (MFCs) are used as actuators and sensors. To this end, a metal pore truncated CS with MFCs attached to its surface is considered. Adding artificial virtual springs at two edges of the truncated CS achieves various elastic supported boundaries by changing the spring stiffness. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), minimum energy principle, and artificial virtual spring technology, the theoretical formulations considering the electromechanical coupling are derived. The comparison of the natural frequency of the present results with the natural frequencies reported in previous literature evaluates the accuracy of the present approach. To study the vibration control, the integral quadrature method in conjunction with the differential quadrature approximation in the length direction is used to discretize the partial differential dynamical system to form a set of ordinary differential equations. With the aid of the velocity negative feedback method, both the time history and the input control voltage on the actuator are demonstrated to present the effects of velocity feedback gain, pore distribution type, semi-vertex angle, impact loading, and rotational angular velocity on the traveling wave vibration control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sarcomas, including bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled the identification of novel chromosomal translocations and fusion genes, which play a critical role in sarcoma subtypes. Our study focuses on gene fusions in sarcomas among Chinese patients, comparing their genomic profiles to those of Western populations. We analyzed 1048 sarcoma samples from Chinese patients using a panel of over 500 genes, identifying 481 gene fusions in 329 patients. The most common fusions included EWSR1, HMGA2, and SS18, with notable subtype-specific fusions such as EWSR1-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma and NAB2-STAT6 in solitary fibrous tumors. In comparison to Chinese and Western populations, variations in fusion spectrum exist, potentially necessitating distinct treatment strategies; however, further validation of these fusions is warranted. Our findings highlight the importance of gene fusions as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Actionable fusions, including kinase-related fusions like ALK, NTRK3, and BRAF, were detected in 67 patients (6.4%) and may guide precision therapies. Additionally, we observed the frequent co-occurrence of genomic alterations, particularly in cell cycle regulators such as CDK4 and MDM2. Genomic profiling of sarcomas offers valuable insights into their molecular drivers and can support personalized therapeutic approaches. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize treatment strategies for sarcoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral microorganisms are closely related to oral health, the occurrence of some oral diseases is associated with changes in the oral microbiota, and many studies have demonstrated that traditional smoking can affect the oral microbial community. However, due to the short time since the emergence of e-cigarettes, fewer studies are comparing oral microorganisms for users of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes. We collected saliva from 40 non-smokers (NS), 46 traditional cigarette smokers (TS), and 27 e-cigarette consumers (EC), aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the saliva samples collected to study the effects of e-cigarettes versus traditional cigarettes on the oral microbiome. The results showed that compared with the NS group, the alpha diversity of oral flora in saliva was altered in the TS group, with no significant change in the e-cigarette group. Compared with the NS and EC groups, the relative abundance of Actinomyces and Prevotella was increased in the TS group. However, compared with the NS and TS groups, the relative abundance of Veillonella was increased, and the relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus was decreased in the EC group. These results showed that both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes could alter the structure and composition of oral microbiota. The use of traditional cigarettes promotes the growth of some anaerobic bacteria, which may contribute to dental decay and bad breath over time. E-cigarettes have a different effect on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to conventional cigarettes. In order to better understand the effects of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes on users' mouths, future studies will investigate the relationship between diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis and changes in oral microbial species levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing popularity of online social networks (OSNs) has made the propagation of privacy information in such networks a great concern. This paper aims to provide an in-depth study to reveal some main characteristics as well as the impacting factors on the propagation of privacy information in OSNs so as to establish a scientific basis for the development of privacy protection policies and mechanisms. Challenges in the construction of privacy information propagation models include a proper definition of privacy information and a precise characterization of the propagation. To realize the goals, in this study, we first provide a definition of privacy information and then propose a method for the reconstruction of the propagation paths of privacy information in Weibo (W-PIPPR), one of the most popular OSNs in China (), based on which a dataset for privacy information propagation (PIPD-Weibo) has been constructed. In addition, we conducted an assessment on general perceptions of the sensitivity of various privacy attributes based on the questionnaire “What is your privacy?” that we designed and distributed. Analysis performed on PIPD-Weibo revealed the speed and scale as well as the topological structure of the propagation, showing that the influence of the privacy subjects as well as the sensitivity of private attributes is significant on the speed and scale of the propagation. Our study can not only provide some insight understanding of the propagation of privacy information in OSNs, but also contribute to accumulating empirical cases for the research on the propagation of privacy information in OSNs. Besides, our study has some practical implications on the design of software for privacy information propagation in OSNs and can aid the development of effective cybersecurity and privacy protection policies and strategies in OSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperlipidemia is a common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP), often leading to more severe clinical symptoms. The mortality factor 4-like protein 1 (MORF4L1, also called MRG15) plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of MRG15 in hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HAP). Mendelian randomization, transcriptome analysis, and single-cell analysis were employed to explore the association between MRG15 and AP by utilizing publicly available databases. In vivo, hypertriglyceridemia mouse models were created by intraperitoneal injection of P407 or using APOE-deficient mice. Subsequently, the HAP model was induced by cerulean. In vitro, a cell model of HAP was established by initially exposing cells to palmitic acid to simulate a high-fat environment, followed by cerulein treatment. Subsequently, MRG15-related indicators were measured. Through Mendelian randomization, it was discovered that there is a positive correlation between genetic expression of MRG15 and the risk of AP. Transcriptome and single-cell analysis revealed that elevated MRG15 expression in AP contributes to lipid metabolism disorders and the activation of apoptosis pathways in pancreatic acinar cells. MRG15 is found to be significantly upregulated in cases of HAP. Knocking down MRG15 led to an increase in mitophagy and a decrease in apoptosis in pancreatic cells, and this effect was reversed when the mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) was simultaneously knocked down. MRG15 inhibits mitophagy by degrading TUFM, ultimately promoting cell apoptosis and worsening the progression of HAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases, the importance of effective lung treatment modalities is more critical than ever. However, current drug delivery systems face significant limitations that impede their efficacy and therapeutic outcome. Biohybrid microrobots have shown considerable promise for active in vivo drug delivery, especially for pulmonary applications via intratracheal routes. However, the invasive nature of intratracheal administration poses barriers to its clinical translation. Herein, we report on an efficient non-invasive inhalation-based method of delivering microrobots to the lungs. A nebulizer is employed to encapsulate picoeukaryote algae microrobots within small aerosol particles, enabling them to reach the lower respiratory tract. Post nebulization, the microrobots retain their motility (~55 μm s-1) to help achieve a homogeneous lung distribution and long-term retention exceeding five days in the lungs. Therapeutic efficacy is demonstrated in a mouse model of acute methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia using this pulmonary inhalation approach to deliver microrobots functionalized with platelet membrane-coated polymeric nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin. These promising findings underscore the benefits of inhalable biohybrid microrobots in a setting that does not require anesthesia, highlighting the substantial translational potential of this delivery system for routine clinical applications. Reaching the depths of the respiratory tract is hard even with vapor-based drug delivery. Here, the authors devise inhalable biohybrid microrobots that, thanks to their motility, reach deeper regions of the lungs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by high rates of disability and death and has become a public health problem that threatens human life and health worldwide. HPA axis disorder and neuroinflammation are two common biological abnormalities in MDD patients. Hsp90 is an important molecular chaperone that is widely distributed in the organism. Hsp90 binds to the co-chaperone and goes through a molecular chaperone cycle to complete its regulation of the client protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Hsp90 regulates how the HPA axis reacts to stress and how GR, the HPA axis' responsive substrate, matures. In addition, Hsp90 exhibits pro-inflammatory effects that are closely related to neuroinflammation in MDD. Currently, Hsp90 inhibitors have made some progress in the treatment of a variety of human diseases, but they still need to be improved. Further insight into the role of Hsp90 in MDD provides new ideas for the development of new antidepressant drugs targeting Hsp90. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes prediction is an important topic in the field of medical health. Accurate prediction can help early intervention and reduce patients' health risks and medical costs. This paper proposes a data preprocessing method, including removing outliers, filling missing values, and using sparse autoencoder (SAE) feature enhancement. This study proposes a new method for type 2 diabetes classification using a dual Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) teacher-student distillation model (DCTSD-Model), aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of diabetes prediction. The variables of the original data are expanded by SAE to enhance the expressive power of the features. The proposed CNN and DCTSD-Model models are evaluated on the feature enhancement dataset using 10-fold cross validation. The experimental results show that after data preprocessing, DCTSD-Model adopts the dual teacher model knowledge distillation method to help the student model learn rich category information by generating soft labels, and uses weighted random samplers to learn samples of different categories, which solves the category imbalance problem and achieves excellent classification performance. The accuracy of DCTSD-Model on the classification task reached 98.57%, which is significantly higher than other models, showing higher classification ability and reliability. This method provides an effective solution for diabetes prediction and lays a solid foundation for further research and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is currently one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is crucial in reducing diagnostic costs and improving subsequent cancer treatment. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in CAD, but most existing models are high-complexity and multi-parameter architectures, which limits their practical application. To address this issue, this paper proposes LMCNet, a lightweight breast cancer multi-classification model. LMCNet reduces the model complexity by refactoring the basic units of ShuffleNetV2, introducing PAConv parallel convolution layers and combining depthwise separable convolution. In order to further improve the feature extraction ability of the model, an SAE attention module containing channel and spatial dimensions is introduced. The proposed model achieves high recognition accuracy with low resource consumption. Our method requires only 275.69 K parameters and 51.19 M FLOPs. Compared to ShuffleNetV2, LMCNet reduces parameters by approximately 78.63% and FLOPs by 66.18%. Compared with other classical models, the proposed model achieves the best recognition efficiency and the fastest inference speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for nucleic acid delivery but face challenges like limited targeting and accelerated blood clearance (ABC) effect. We design three ionizable oligomers (IOs) that, with polylactide-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG), form a potential siRNA delivery system, named Ionizable Polymeric Micelles (IPMs). The siRNA encapsulated IPMs escape from lysosomes upon cellular uptake, and silence the target gene. A fibroblast activation protein inhibitor modified IPMs (FAPi-IPMs) show higher targeting for activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) compared to that for hepatocytes, silencing both HSP47 and HMGB1, reducing collagen secretion and liver inflammation, thereby treating fibrosis. Moreover, IPMs and FAPi-IPMs mitigate ABC effect and produce fewer PEG antibodies than LNPs, and show minimal apolipoprotein adsorption in vivo compared with LNPs, differentiating their targeting effects from LNPs. In conclusion, IPMs represent a nucleic acid delivery system with alternative targeting ability and reduced ABC effect. Authors develop a siRNA delivery system, named Ionizable Polymeric Micelles (IPMs) which employs a FAPi modification, enabling IPMs to target activated hepatic stellate cells, silencing target genes and treating liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-state integration of molecular electron spin qubits could promote the advancement of molecular quantum information science. With highly ordered structures and rational designability, microporous framework materials offer ideal matrices to host qubits. They exhibit tunable phonon dispersion relations and spin distributions, enabling optimization of essential qubit properties including the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) and decoherence time. In this study, through spin dynamic and vibrational spectroscopic characterizations of two radical-embedded framework materials, we show that hydrogen-bonded networks give rise to a low Debye temperature of acoustic phonons and generates sub-terahertz optical phonons, both of which facilitate spin-lattice relaxation. Whereas deuterating hydrogen-bonded networks reduces both phonon frequencies and T1, eliminating such flexible structural motifs raises phonon dispersions and improves the T1 by one to two orders of magnitude. The phononic tunability of spin-lattice relaxation in molecular qubit frameworks would facilitate the development of solid-state qubits operating at elevated temperatures. Recently, metal-organic framework materials have emerged as a promising platform for realizing molecular qubits. Here the authors study the role of phonons in spin relaxation within molecular qubit frameworks and show that hydrogen-bonded networks and their deuteration facilitate spin relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, copper oxide supported manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (CuO-OMS-2) composite was successfully synthesized and subsequently investigated for the degradation and mineralization of phenol via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. It was confirmed that the incorporation of CuO significantly promoted multivalent metals transition and oxygen vacancies generation. At initial pH 5.0, CuO-OMS-2 achieved the optimum catalytic activity with 93.6% of phenol degradation efficiency and 87.6% of mineralization rate in 30 min. Additionally, a probe-based kinetic model was developed to simulate the removal of phenol in CuO-OMS-2/PMS system under different pH conditions, which was a decisive factor to affect the transformation of main active radicals and the oxidation capacity. The quantitative results of the active radicals suggested that 1O2 and O2•− played generally a negligible role in the abatement of phenol, while the contribution of SO4•− gradually increased from 25.17 to 75.60% and that of •OH decreased from 69.23 to 22.80% with the rising of pH from 3 to 9. Meanwhile, the CuO-OMS-2 composite showed excellent stability and reusability for contaminant degradation during five consecutive cycles. Finally, the results of probe-based kinetic model and characterization jointly demonstrated the mechanism of phenol degradation by CuO-OMS-2 activating PMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw return improves soil carbon pool and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics in black soil. Optimal straw return rate is the key to promoting straw return practices in farmland in Northeast China. The experiment was conducted at the Science and Technology Park of China Grain Storage and Northern Corporation in NenJiang, Heilongjiang Province, straw return at 0 kg hm−2, 3000 kg hm−2, 4500 kg hm−2, and 9000 kg hm−2. In the seventh year of the experiment, we used three-dimensional excitation-emission matrices combined with Parallel Factor analysis to characterize the fluorescence characteristics of DOM of black soils. The results showed substantial improvement in soil physical characteristics and soil organic matter (SOM) following straw return, SOM content rises in proportion to the amount of straw returned, and a significant positive correlation coefficient between water-holding capacity (WHC) (p < 0.001, r = 0.82) and dissolved organic matter (DOC) (p < 0.01, r = 0.77). Moreover, straw return significantly increased the richness of three fluorescent components, namely fulvic acid (UV and visible fulvic acids), humic-like acid, and protein-like (short and long-wavelength tryptophan). The fluorescence intensities of these components were lower in straw treatments than in no straw return. The fluorescence intensities of fulvic and humic acids showed decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, with increasing straw return amount. The fluorescence spectroscopy data of DOC demonstrated the key role of high straw return amounts in enhancing substantially the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. Overall, straw-returning practices improve soil fertility and can be beneficial for black soil farmlands, with the optimal return rate observed at 4500 kg hm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal loading history and the induced cracks affect the thermomechanical response of the rock. This paper experimentally investigates, through a staged thermal loading process, the influence of uniform thermal pre-treatment on the following gradient heating responses of Stanstead granite. Specifically, petrographic analysis of thin sections acted as a control test to quantify the crack density and aperture evolution after uniform thermal pre-treatment with various target temperatures. Then, DIC technique was used to investigate the real-time thermomechanical response of the thermally pre-treated samples to thermal gradient loading. Results show that thermal cracks density and aperture increased with the pre-treating temperature, which then significantly affect the thermal cracking pattern under following gradient heating process. During thermal gradient loading, radial pattern of thermal gradient cracking initiating close to the heating source while the macroscopic cracking coalesced from the microcracks at the sample periphery and propagated towards the hotter interior. Interestingly, the results also suggest a transition in the thermomechanical behavior of the Stanstead granite between 300 and 500 °C. Macroscopic cracking was observed in all samples pre-treated at temperatures below 400 °C, while for those pre-treated at higher temperatures, no macroscopic cracking was observed, suggesting that the thermal resistance of the investigated samples increased with increased initial damage under thermal pre-treatment. Mineral grains expansion into pre-existing microcracks during the heating stage was captured using DIC and found to contribute to this behavior. This paper provides useful insights into the effect of the initial crack density and aperture induced by different thermal and/or mechanical loading history on the thermomechanical behavior of granitic rock under in situ temperature variation that might result from a variety of underground applications. Highlights: Quantitative analysis of the crack density and aperture evolution under uniform thermal treatment from petrographic images. Experimental staged heating treatment to investigate the effect of uniform thermal pre-treatment on thermal gradient response in granite. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to investigate real-time thermomechanical behavior of granite exposed to thermal gradient loading. Thermal resistance of granitic rocks to thermal shock increased with increasing pre-existing crack density and aperture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a vibration energy acquisition device based on nonlinear magnetic coupling action is proposed. The piezoelectric element is deformed under the nonlinear magnetic force of the magnets and can output electrical energy based on the positive piezoelectric effect. The array arrangement of rectangular and circular piezoelectric sheets is designed to achieve high output power. Non-contact magnetic excitation in the excitation mode was chosen to avoid mechanical collision and device wear and to improve the service life. The equivalent analysis of the piezoelectric element is carried out, and the control equation of a Lagrange curve is combined. The natural frequencies of the rectangular and circular piezoelectric elements under modal analysis are obtained by simulation analysis. Experiments show that when magnets 1 repel each other and magnets 1 and 2 attract each other, the output voltage of the prototype is 73.75 V. When the load resistance is 10 kΩ, the output power of the prototype is 256 mW. The experimental device collects the vibration energy from excitation and then stores the electrical energy in a storage circuit. After the electrical energy output by the device is rectified by the rectifier bridge, 72 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be lit, and power can be successfully supplied for the temperature and humidity sensor. The device worn on the wrist can harvest the vibration energy of the swinging arm, which confirms the good output performance of the device. The proposed device provides innovative ideas for the field of vibratory energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological stress contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sudden cardiac death, yet its molecular basis remains obscure. RNA binding protein RBM24 plays a critical role in cardiac development, rhythm regulation, and cellular stress. Here, we show that psychological stress activates RBM24 S181 phosphorylation through eIF4E2-GSK3β signaling, which causally links psychological stress to CVD by promoting APOE translation (apolipoprotein E). Using an Rbm24 S181A KI mouse model, we show that impaired S181 phosphorylation leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, reduced muscle strength, behavioral abnormalities, and sudden death under acute and chronic psychological stressors. The impaired S181 phosphorylation of RBM24 inhibits cardiac translation, including APOE translation. Notably, cardiomyocyte-specific expression of APOE rescues cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities and contractile dysfunction, through preventing ROS stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, RBM24-S181 phosphorylation acts as a serum marker for chronic stress in human. These results provide a functional link between RBM24 phosphorylation, eIF4E-regulated APOE translation, and psychological-stress-induced CVD. Mental stress is well known to cause cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors show that an imbalance in RBM24-S181 phosphorylation impairs cardiac translation of APOE, leading to cardiac contractile dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, fibrosis, and sudden death under psychological stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper described the development of a practical, improved and efficient method for the multigram-scale synthesis of volasertib, an injectable bioavailable potent and selective inhibitor of PLK1. The key to this optimization was the design and development of a novel synthetic strategy, which involved the preparation of key intermediate 4-amino-N-{4-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}-3-methoxybenzamide (W-5) through nitro reduction sequence and (7R)-2-chloro-7-ethyl-7,8-dihydro-8-(1-methylethyl)-6(5H)-pteridinone (W-11) through reductive cyclization and N-methylation reaction. The developed process provided 46% overall yield, which enabled us to rapidly synthesize multi-gram quantities of volasertib in 99.42% purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-shot knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to infer unseen facts when only one support entity pair is available for a particular relationship. Prior studies learn reference representations from one support pair for matching query pairs. This strategy can be challenging, particularly when dealing with multiple relationships between identical support pairs, resulting in indistinguishable reference representations. To this end, we propose a disentangled representation learning framework for one-shot KGC. Specifically, to learn sufficient representations, we construct an entity encoder with a fine-grained attention mechanism to explicitly model the input and output neighbors. We adopt an orthogonal regularizer to promote the independence of learned factors in entity representation, enabling the matching processor with max pooling to adaptively identify the semantic roles associated with a particular relation. Subsequently, the one-shot KGC is accomplished by seamlessly integrating the aforementioned modules in an end-to-end learning manner. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of brain–computer interfaces in recent years, deep learning models have been widely used in EEG-based personal identification. The training of complex models requires a large amount of data, but the acquisition of EEG signals is very time-consuming and energy-consuming. EEG data augmentation can reduce the overhead of EEG data acquisition and provide the data volume required by various complex models, which is conducive to applying EEG identification in practice. The generative adversarial network (GAN) has been applied to augment EEG data features. But the augmentation of temporal EEG signals is less studied. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of temporal EEG data augmentation based on an attention mechanism time series generative adversarial network (ATGAN), which can expand the original EEG dataset to facilitate the training of downstream deep learning classifiers. The experiment is conducted on the BCI Competition IV 2a dataset. The ATGAN model is trained with the temporal EEG signals after preprocessing, and the generated augmentation data by ATGAN is used to expand the original dataset. The accuracy of the EEG-based identification task on the augmented dataset is 7.78% higher than that on the original dataset, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the implementation of stringent pollution control measures, surface ozone (O3) pollution remains a significant issue in the North China Plain (NCP) in recent years. Here we examined long-term changes in surface O3 concentrations during 2015–2021 in the NCP. The mean summer maximum daily 8-hour average ozone concentration exhibited an annual increase of 12.77 µg m− 3 (p < 0.01) from 2015 to 2019, followed by a decline from 174 µg m− 3 in 2019 to 157 µg m− 3 in 2021. Subsequently, satellite-based formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns were used to track volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions to evaluate the causes of O3 changes. Results showed that the increase of HCHO column and the sharp decline of NO2 column have indeed led to no decrease in O3 concentration and even contributed to O3 enhancement in most areas in 2015–2019. However, the sharp decline of HCHO and NO2 columns contributed to the decline of O3 concentration since 2020. The HCHO/NO2 values showed a transitional regime ranging from 4.23 to 5.05 and the O3 sensitivities were predominantly VOC-limited and transitional regimes in 2019–2021, varying among different mega-city clusters. The HCHO/NO2 increased from 2.62 ± 2.41 in 2015 to 2.99 ± 3.49 in 2019 but decreased since then, facilitating O3 formation regime transition from NOx-limited to transitional (or from transitional to VOC-limited) regimes, which contributed to the decline in O3 levels. The study determined that the optimal ratio of HCHO to NO2 for reducing O3 concentration is 4.66 for the NCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure, evolution of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers, and mechanical property changes in Sn58Bi/Cu and Sn58Bi–0.3Co/Cu solder joints were studied during thermal aging at 393 K. During aging, the nucleation rate of the Cu6Sn5 phase was significantly enhanced by introducing Co particles, forming a substitution solid solution (Cu, Co)6Sn5 with a small block-like structure that was freely distributed within the matrix. The IMC layer was transformed from Cu6Sn5 to (Cu, Co)6Sn5, forming a more stable structure that effectively suppressed the Cu3Sn layer growth. During the aging process, the size of (Cu, Co)6Sn5 grains was significantly smaller than Cu6Sn5 grains. Furthermore, gradual growth into prismatic shapes was observed in (Cu, Co)6Sn5 grains, with a relatively wide grain size distribution. The introduction of Co effectively inhibited the expansion of cracks during the aging process, and the probability of fracture occurring at the matrix/IMC interface was significantly reduced. Adding Co increased the shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joints within the identical aging period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional conjugated coordination polymers exhibit remarkable charge transport properties, with copper-based benzenehexathiol (Cu-BHT) being a rare superconductor. However, the atomic structure of Cu-BHT has remained unresolved, hindering a deeper understanding of the superconductivity in such materials. Here, we show the synthesis of single crystals of Cu3BHT with high crystallinity, revealing a quasi-two-dimensional kagome structure with non-van der Waals interlayer Cu-S covalent bonds. These crystals exhibit intrinsic metallic behavior, with conductivity reaching 103 S/cm at 300 K and 104 S/cm at 2 K. Notably, superconductivity in Cu3BHT crystals is observed at 0.25 K, attributed to enhanced electron-electron interactions and electron-phonon coupling in the non-van der Waals structure. The discovery of this clear correlation between atomic-level crystal structure and electrical properties provides a crucial foundation for advancing superconductor coordination polymers, with potential to revolutionize future quantum devices. Two-dimensional conjugated coordination polymers can show large electrical conductivity. Here, the authors synthesize high-quality single crystals of Cu3BHT to unveil the atomic structure and intrinsic superconducting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a diffuse brain tissue injury caused by acute ischemia and hypoxia, and it is most commonly found in newborn infants but can also occur in adults. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have showed improved outcomes for treating HIE-induced neuronal defects. However, many key issues associated with poor cell viability and tolerance of grafted MSCs after HIE remain to be resolved. Genetic engineering could endow MSCs with more robust regenerative capacities. Our research, along with that of other scientists, has found that the expression of intracellular erythropoietin (EPO) in human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) increases proportionally with the duration of hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, we observed that EPO, when introduced into the EPO gene-modified hUC-MSCs, can be secreted into the extracellular space. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the neuroprotective effects of EPO-MSCs remain unclear. EPO-MSCs, hUC-MSCs, and NC-MSCs were identified by flow cytometry, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation assays. The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced SH-SY5Y cell-line was established, and five groups were set up: control, 24-h ischemia-hypoxia, co-cultured with hUC-MSCs, NC-MSCs, and EPO-MSCs after hypoxia. LEGENDplex™ multi-factor flow cytometry was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors in cell supernatants and cerebrospinal fluid. Chromosome-targeted excision and tagging (CUT&Tag) sequencing was applied to detect genomic H3K4me2 modifications, and conjoint analysis with transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed. Lentiviral vector infection was used to construct SH-SY5Y cells with stable knockdown of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), and flow cytometry was used to detect alterations in apoptosis. Finally, the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of EPO-MSCs was investigated using RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays. Our results suggest that EPO-MSCs are genetically engineered to secrete significantly more EPO. EPO-MSCs treatment has anti-apoptotic properties and offers neuronal protection during ischemic-hypoxic injury. Furthermore, RNA-seq results suggest that multiple inflammation-related genes were down-regulated after EPO-MSCs treatment. Application of RNA-seq and CUT&Tag combined analysis found that the expressions of REST were significantly up-regulated. Lentiviral vector infection to construct REST knockdown SH-SY5Y failed to rescue apoptosis after hypoxia and co-culture with EPO-MSCs, and SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 protein level expression was reduced. EPO-MSCs may promote neuronal survival by affecting H3K4me2 and thus activating the expression of REST and TET3. EPO-MSCs also upregulated the modification level of SETD2-mediated H3K36me3 and regulated the expression of inflammation-related genes such as PLCG2, as well as apoptosis genes BCL2A1. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of EPO-modified hUC-MSCs and the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, this study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the potential application of EPO gene-modified hUC-MSCs in the treatment of HIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), an ecologically and economically important forest species in East Asia, plays vital roles in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. However, intensifying climate change threatens moso bamboo survival. Here we generate high-quality haplotype-based pangenome assemblies for 16 representative moso bamboo accessions and integrated these assemblies with 427 previously resequenced accessions. Characterization of the haplotype-based pangenome reveals extensive genetic variation, predominantly between haplotypes rather than within accessions. Many genes with allele-specific expression patterns are implicated in climate responses. Integrating spatiotemporal climate data reveals more than 1050 variations associated with pivotal climate factors, including temperature and precipitation. Climate-associated variations enable the prediction of increased genetic risk across the northern and western regions of China under future emissions scenarios, underscoring the threats posed by rising temperatures. Our integrated haplotype-based pangenome elucidates moso bamboo's local climate adaptation mechanisms and provides critical genomic resources for addressing intensifying climate pressures on this essential bamboo. More broadly, this study demonstrates the power of long-read sequencing in dissecting adaptive traits in climate-sensitive species, advancing evolutionary knowledge to support conservation. Moso bamboo is a critical species for carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. This study presents a haplotype-based pangenome that uncovers substantial genetic diversity associated with climate adaptation and enables predictions of genetic vulnerability under future emission scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and is closely related to the early development and differentiation of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The disease is mainly represented by high-risk NB, which has the characteristics of high mortality and difficult treatment. The survival rate of high-risk NB patients is not ideal. In this article, we not only conducted a comprehensive study of NB through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) but also further analyzed cuproptosis, a new cell death pathway, in order to find clinical treatment targets from a new perspective. Materials and Methods: The Seurat software was employed to process the scRNA-seq data. This was followed by the utilization of GO enrichment analysis and GSEA to unveil pertinent enriched pathways. The inferCNV software package was harnessed to investigate chromosomal copy number variations. pseudotime analyses involved the use of Monocle 2, CytoTRACE, and Slingshot software. CellChat was employed to analyze the intercellular communication network for NB. Furthermore, PySCENIC was deployed to review the profile of transcription factors. Result: Using scRNA-seq, we studied cells from patients with NB. NE cells exhibited superior specificity in contrast to other cell types. Among NE cells, C1 PCLAF + NE cells showed a close correlation with the genesis and advancement of NB. The key marker genes, cognate receptor pairing, developmental trajectories, metabolic pathways, transcription factors, and enrichment pathways in C1 PCLAF + NE cells, as well as the expression of cuproptosis in C1 PCLAF + NE cells, provided new ideas for exploring new therapeutic targets for NB. Conclusion: The results revealed the specificity of malignant NE cells in NB, especially the key subset of C1 PCLAF + NE cells, which enhanced our understanding of the key role of the tumor microenvironment in the complexity of cancer progression. Of course, cell death played an important role in the progression of NB, which also promoted our research on new targets. The scrutiny of these findings proved advantageous in uncovering innovative therapeutic targets, thereby bolstering clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nipah virus infection, one of the top priority diseases recognized by the World Health Organization, underscores the urgent need to develop effective countermeasures against potential epidemics and pandemics. Here, we identify a fully human single-domain antibody that targets a highly conserved cryptic epitope situated at the dimeric interface of the Nipah virus G protein (receptor binding protein, RBP), as elucidated through structures by high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This unique binding mode disrupts the tetramerization of the G protein, consequently obstructing the activation of the F protein and inhibiting viral membrane fusion. Furthermore, our investigations reveal that this compact antibody displays enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrates superior efficacy in eliminating pseudovirus within the brain in a murine model of Nipah virus infection, particularly compared to the well-characterized antibody m102.4 in an IgG1 format. Consequently, this single-domain antibody holds promise as a therapeutic candidate to prevent Nipah virus infections and has potential implications for vaccine development. The fully human single-domain antibody n425 aginst NiV targets a conserved cryptic epitope on G protein and inhibits membrane fusion by disrupting tetramerization. These insights advance neutralization mechanisms and effective countermeasure design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tube hydroforging process (THFG) is an advanced technology for manufacturing tubular components with complex cross-sections. The positive-curvature arc is one of the most fundamental and difficult-to-form features of complex cross-sections. However, its wrinkling mechanism in the THFG process cannot be explained by the existing theory. This restricts the application of the technology. First, because of the bending deformation caused by the excessive circumferential force, compression instability occurs at the positive-curvature arc part. This results in wrinkling similar to that in the conventional linear part. In addition, owing to the existence of the positive-curvature arc, the circumferential force produces a component force along the vertical direction that causes rigid displacement of the materials. This yields another new instability model: motion instability. The corresponding critical pressures for the two instability models were determined by adopting static method and energy methods respectively. Theoretically, motion instability is dominant in the early stages of compression, whereas compression instability is dominant in the subsequent stages. However, considering actual production, the correlations between the critical pressures of the different parts were compared. The wrinkling of the linear part inhibits the occurrence of compression instability in the positive-curvature arc. Thus, wrinkling of the arc can be caused only by motion instability. Therefore, the critical pressure for motion instability is defined as the critical pressure required for the positive-curvature arc. In addition, a forming window that considers the critical pressure of each part was established successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jumbo phages are a group of tailed bacteriophages with large genomes and capsids. As a prototype of jumbo phage, ΦKZ infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen leading to acute or chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. It holds potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent and as a model for uncovering basic phage biology. Although previous low-resolution structural studies have indicated that jumbo phages may have more complicated capsid structures than smaller phages such as HK97, the detailed structures and the assembly mechanism of their capsids remain largely unknown. Here, we report a 3.5-Å-resolution cryo-EM structure of the ΦKZ capsid. The structure unveiled ten minor capsid proteins, with some decorating the outer surface of the capsid and the others forming a complex network attached to the capsid's inner surface. This network seems to play roles in driving capsid assembly and capsid stabilization. Similar mechanisms of capsid assembly and stabilization are probably employed by many other jumbo viruses. Here, the authors present the 3.5-Å-resolution cryo-EM structure of the jumbo phage ΦKZ capsid, revealing ten minor capsid proteins that are hypothesized to contribute to capsid assembly and stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of nonzero fast points and linear structures reflects the properties of Boolean function's higher order derivatives, which is closely related to many cryptographic differential attacks. Rotation symmetric Boolean functions (RSBFs) is a super-class of symmetric functions, which are used widely in cryptography. We first obtain some existence results of nonzero linear structures of n-variable RSBFs with degree n - 2 . Moreover, we determine all the possible sets of fast points of n-variable RSBFs with degrees n - 3 and n - 4 based on integer partition. Finally, we investigate the existence of fast points of p-variable and 2p-variable RSBFs when p is an odd prime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new fabrication of micro-nano fluidic chips by thermal nanoimprint and multilayer compositing is proposed. The nano-channels with different aspect ratios were first manufactured by thermal nanoimprinting and Parylene layer coating, and the effect of parylene layer thickness on aspect ratio is studied. Then SU-8 layers with the micro channels and liquid reservoirs were superposed by ultraviolet exposure and secondary bonding to form a multilayer micro-nano fluidic chip. By optimizing the bonding parameters, a Parylene-SU-8 micro-nano fluidic chip with 200 μm wide and 8 μm deep micro-channels, cross-linked with 78 nm wide and 288 nm deep nano-channels was constructed, of which the maximum bonding strength is 0.92 MPa. This method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, which is suitable for mass manufacturing of micro-nano fluidic chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a rotating piezoelectric energy harvester with dual excitation modules (D-PEH) designed to improve the energy harvesting ability in rotational motion and enhance the output performance. The dual excitation modules mainly consist of strike blocks and springs. The device is designed to optimize the excitation transfer between two piezoelectric patches, direct contact excitation of two piezoelectric patches, and simultaneous power generation for high power output. The structural variables that affect the output performance of the D-PEH are theoretically analyzed: the number of cam protrusions, rectangular piezoelectric patch mounting angles, and contact type of strike blocks. The modal analysis of the piezoelectric patches is performed using simulation. The experiment investigates the output characteristics of D-PEH at different structural parameters. The two parts achieve optimal power of 529 mW and 15.21 mW at external load resistance of 3 kΩ and 100 kΩ, respectively. The D-PEH can light up 293 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and stabilizes power to the temperature and humidity sensors. It offers a new idea for increasing the output power of rotating energy harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16 of SARS-CoV-2 are known for their adeptness at evading immune responses. Here, we isolate a neutralizing antibody, 7F3, with the capacity to neutralize all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, including BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. 7F3 targets the receptor-binding motif (RBM) region and exhibits broad binding to a panel of 37 RBD mutant proteins. We develop the IgG-like bispecific antibody G7-Fc using 7F3 and the cross-neutralizing antibody GW01. G7-Fc demonstrates robust neutralizing activity against all 28 tested SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses, providing potent prophylaxis and therapeutic efficacy against XBB.1 infection in both K18-ACE and BALB/c female mice. Cryo-EM structure analysis of the G7-Fc in complex with the Omicron XBB spike (S) trimer reveals a trimer-dimer conformation, with G7-Fc synergistically targeting two distinct RBD epitopes and blocking ACE2 binding. Comparative analysis of 7F3 and LY-CoV1404 epitopes highlights a distinct and highly conserved epitope in the RBM region bound by 7F3, facilitating neutralization of the immune-evasive Omicron variant XBB.1.16. G7-Fc holds promise as a potential prophylactic countermeasure against SARS-CoV-2, particularly against circulating and emerging variants. In this study, the authors develop a potent bispecific antibody targeting two epitopes within the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain and showing robust prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against XBB.1 infection in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let E be an equivalence on a set X and let T ∃ (X) denote the semigroup (under composition) of all f : X → X that reflect E. Fix an element θ ∈ T ∃ (X) and for f , g ∈ T ∃ (X) , define a new operation ∗ on T ∃ (X) by f ∗ g = f θ g where f θ g denotes the product of g , θ and f in the original sense. In this paper, we characterize Green's relations on the variant semigroups T ∃ (X , θ) of T ∃ (X) with sandwich operation θ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by invasive behavior and a compromised immune response, presenting treatment challenges. Surgical debulking of GBM fails to address its highly infiltrative nature, leaving neoplastic satellites in an environment characterized by impaired immune surveillance, ultimately paving the way for tumor recurrence. Tracking and eradicating residual GBM cells by boosting antitumor immunity is critical for preventing postoperative relapse, but effective immunotherapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here, we report a cavity-injectable bacterium-hydrogel superstructure that targets GBM satellites around the cavity, triggers GBM pyroptosis, and initiates innate and adaptive immune responses, which prevent postoperative GBM relapse in male mice. The immunostimulatory Salmonella delivery vehicles (SDVs) engineered from attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (VNP20009) seek and attack GBM cells. Salmonella lysis-inducing nanocapsules (SLINs), designed to trigger autolysis, are tethered to the SDVs, eliciting antitumor immune response through the intracellular release of bacterial components. Furthermore, SDVs and SLINs administration via intracavitary injection of the ATP-responsive hydrogel can recruit phagocytes and promote antigen presentation, initiating an adaptive immune response. Therefore, our work offers a local bacteriotherapy for stimulating anti-GBM immunity, with potential applicability for patients facing malignancies at a high risk of recurrence. Despite initial treatment with surgical resection, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) frequently recurs. Here the authors report the design of an immunostimulatory autolysing Salmonella based-nanocapsule delivery system, promoting anti-tumor immune responses and preventing postoperative relapse in preclinical GBM models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of ZnO decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (ZnrGOx) with different doping ratios were synthesized by the alkaline hydrothermal method using graphene oxide (GO) and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O as precursors, and subsequently used for the adsorption study of Cr(VI) in water. The morphology, crystalline phase structure, and surface elemental properties of ZnrGOx composites were revealed by XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, and XPS characterizations. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticles can be clearly seen on the surface of layered rGO. Meanwhile, as the doping rate increased, the C = C double bonds were broken and more carboxylic acid groups formed in ZnrGOx. In addition, the ZnrGO0.1 composite had the most excellent adsorption performance and good stability, and reusability. The adsorption removal rate of Cr(VI) can reach 99%, and the maximum adsorption amount of Cr(VI) was 68.9655 mg/g in 3 h. The isothermal and kinetic model simulations showed that Cr(VI) adsorption on ZnrGO0.1 composite is a chemical adsorption process, spontaneous and endothermic. Based on the concentrations of different valence states of Cr in the solid and liquid phases, 40% of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) on the surface of ZnrGO0.1 composite. Moreover, the adsorption-reduction mechanisms of Cr(VI) on ZnrGO0.1 composite were further elucidated. The ZnrGO0.1 composite manifested great potential as an efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for tumor postoperative treatments aimed at recurrence prevention and tissue regeneration have raised wide considerations in the context of the design and functionalization of implants. Herein, an injectable hydrogel system encapsulated with anti-tumor, anti-oxidant dual functional nanoparticles has been developed in order to prevent tumor relapse after surgery and promote wound repair. The utilization of biocompatible gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was geared towards localized therapeutic intervention. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@ceric oxide (ZIF-8@CeO2, ZC) nanoparticles (NPs) were purposefully devised for their proficiency as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Furthermore, injectable GelMA hydrogels loaded with ZC NPs carrying doxorubicin (ZC-DOX@GEL) were tailored as multifunctional postoperative implants, ensuring the efficacious eradication of residual tumor cells and alleviation of oxidative stress. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to substantiate the efficacy in cancer cell elimination and the prevention of tumor recurrence through the synergistic chemotherapy approach employed with ZC-DOX@GEL. The acceleration of tissue regeneration and in vitro ROS scavenging attributes of ZC@GEL were corroborated using rat models of wound healing. The results underscore the potential of the multifaceted hydrogels presented herein for their promising application in tumor postoperative treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underlying mechanism of fluorosis has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of fluorosis induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) using proteomics. Six offspring rats exposed to fluoride without dental fluorosis were defined as group A, 8 offspring rats without fluoride exposure were defined as control group B, and 6 offspring rats exposed to fluoride with dental fluorosis were defined as group C. Total proteins from the peripheral blood were extracted and then separated using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The identified criteria for differentially expressed proteins were fold change > 1.2 or < 0.83 and P < 0.05. Gene Ontology function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the oeCloud tool. The 177 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins were identified in the A + C vs. B group. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway significantly enriched. PPI network constructed using Cytoscape confirmed RhoA may play a crucial role. The KEGG results of genes associated with fluoride and genes associated with both fluoride and inflammation in the GeneCards database also showed that TGF-β signaling pathway was significantly enriched. The immunofluorescence in HPA database showed that the main expression sites of RhoA are plasma membrane and cytosol, while the main expression site of Fbn1 is the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, long-term NaF intake may cause inflammatory response in the peripheral blood of rats by upregulating TGF-β signaling pathway, in which RhoA may play a key role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection plays a vital role in numerous fields, including unmanned vehicles, security, and industry, among others. However, recent studies have shown that object detection models based on deep learning are vulnerable to adversarial example attacks. This poses significant challenges to the robustness of the models and substantially limits the applicability of object detection in critical security scenarios. Many existing adversarial attack methods for object detection focus primarily on specific types of object detection models. However, a widespread issue persists regarding weak transferability across different models. Furthermore, there is considerable room for enhancing the success rate of these attacks. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a data augmentation framework that leverages on the similarity between adversarial example generation and neural network training. Instead of utilizing the current gradient directly during the iterative process of calculating the gradient, the proposed method employs a weighted average gradient obtained by combining multiple data augmentation methods randomly. Additionally, the method combines the data-augmented gradients with momentum to obtain the gradients applicable to the adversarial attack in order to stabilize the update direction and avoid overfitting to the white-box model. The performance of the proposed method in attacking object detection models is evaluated on the MS COCO dataset using Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3 and YOLOv8. The experimental results demonstrate that, when compared to Projective Gradient Descend method and Iterative Fast Gradient Sign Method, the proposed method outperforms in both white-box and black-box settings. The transfer success rate achieved is up to 81.9% on RetinaNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching statistics through engaging applications to contemporary large-scale datasets is essential to attracting students to the field. To this end, we developed a hands-on, week-long workshop for senior high-school or junior undergraduate students, without prior knowledge in statistical genetics but with some basic knowledge in data science, to conduct their own genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS was performed for open source gene expression data, using publicly available human genetics data. Assisted by a detailed instruction manual, students were able to obtain ∼ 1.4 million p-values from a real scientific study, within several days. This early motivation kept students engaged in learning the theories that support their results, including regression, data visualization, results interpretation, and large-scale multiple hypothesis testing. To further their learning motivation by emphasizing the personal connection to this type of data analysis, students were encouraged to make short presentations about how GWAS has provided insights into the genetic basis of diseases that are present in their friends or families. The appended open source, step-by-step instruction manual includes descriptions of the datasets used, the software needed, and results from the workshop. Additionally, scripts used in the workshop are archived on Github and Zenodo to further enhance reproducible research and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is an acoustic wave which can noninvasively penetrate the skull to deep brain regions, enabling neuromodulation. However, conventional ultrasound's spatial resolution is diffraction-limited and low-precision. Here, we report acoustic nanobubble-mediated ultrasound stimulation capable of localizing ultrasound's effects to only the desired brain region in male mice. By varying the delivery site of nanobubbles, ultrasound could activate specific regions of the mouse motor cortex, evoking EMG signaling and limb movement, and could also, separately, activate one of two nearby deep brain regions to elicit distinct behaviors (freezing or rotation). Sonicated neurons displayed reversible, low-latency calcium responses and increased c-Fos expression in the sub-millimeter-scale region with nanobubbles present. Ultrasound stimulation of the relevant region also modified depression-like behavior in a mouse model. We also provide evidence of a role for mechanosensitive ion channels. Altogether, our treatment scheme allows spatially-targetable, repeatable and temporally-precise activation of deep brain circuits for neuromodulation without needing genetic modification. Ultrasound may be used to non-invasively modulate the brain. Here the authors describe acoustic nanobubble-mediated ultrasound stimulation of specific brain region in male mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]