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1. Changing the way we work: elevating energy expenditure with workstation alternatives.

Author

Tudor-Locke, C, Schuna, J M, Frensham, L J, and Proenca, M

Subjects
*CALORIC expenditure, *SEDENTARY behavior, *WORK environment, *TREADMILL desks, *PHYSICAL activity, *SITTING position, *PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Emerging evidence supports the feasibility of raising daily energy expenditure (EE) by replacing office work-related sedentary behavior with low-intensity non-exercise physical activity (PA) via workstation alternatives to the traditional office chair and desktop computer-based combinations. The purpose of this review article is to introduce a simple taxonomy to facilitate classification and study of workstation alternatives, catalog the diversity of research undertaken to date related to energy balance, and present and summarize the gaps and opportunities for a research agenda for workstation alternatives moving forward. A PubMed search elicited 57 English language articles published since 2000; additional articles were identified by reviewing reference sections and contacting authors. Selection criteria ultimately focused on use of workstation alternatives during simulated or real work tasks. The EE of sitting on a stability ball or using sit-stand/standing desks is comparable to the traditional seated condition (≅1.2 kcal min−1). The treadmill and pedal desks (active workstation alternatives) offer the greatest promise in terms of EE (≅2-4 kcal min−1). Sitting on a stability ball or using sit-stand/standing desks does not impair task performance relative to the traditional seated condition. Some evidence of typing impairment is inconsistently reported with active workstation alternatives; the finer motor skills required for mouse-related tasks may be more affected. Little is known about learning or adaptation with practice. Users are generally accepting of workstation alternatives; however, there is evidence of less than optimal use. Active workstations (that is, treadmill desks and pedal desks) in particular represent a potential strategy for mitigating the diminished EE inherent to contemporary office-based workplaces, but only if they are scalable. The science supporting active workstations is young and heterogeneous; however, this means that there are many knowledge gaps and opportunities for research, including those focused on implementation issues related to optimizing both employers' and workers' uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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2. Improving wear time compliance with a 24-hour waist-worn accelerometer protocol in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE)

Author

Tudor Locke, C., Barreira, T. V., Schuna, J. M., Mire, E. F., Chaput, J. P., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., Kurpad, A., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Matsudo, V., Olds, T., Onywera, V., Sarmiento, O. L., Standage, M., Tremblay, M. S., Zhao, P., Church, T. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, D. G., Barreira, T., Broyles, S., Butitta, B., Champagne, C., Cocreham, S., Dentro, K., Drazba, K., Harrington, D., Johnson, W., Milauskas, D., Mire, E., Tohme, A., Rodarte, R., Amoroso, B., Luopa, J., Neiberg, R., Rushing, S., Lewis, L., Ferrar, K., Physio, B., Georgiadis, E., Stanley, R., Matsudo, V. K. R., Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., de Oliveira, L. C., Rezende, L., Fabiano, L., Bezerra, D., Ferrari, G., Bélanger, P., Borghese, M., Boyer, C., Leblanc, A., Francis, C., Leduc, G., Diao, C., Li, W., Liu, E., Liu, G., Liu, H., Ma, J., Qiao, Y., Tian, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Zhang, F., Sarmiento, O., Acosta, J., Alvira, Y., Diaz, M. P., Gamez, R., Garcia, M. P., Gómez, L. G., Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez, S., Grijalba, C., Gutierrez, L., Leal, D., Lemus, N., Mahecha, E., Mahecha, M. P., Mahecha, R., Ramirez, A., Rios, P., Suarez, A., Triana, C., Hovi, E., Kivelä, J., Räsänen, S., Roito, S., Saloheimo, T., Valta, L., Lokesh, D. P., D'Almeida, M. S., Annie Mattilda, R., Correa, L., Vijay, D., Wachira, L. J., Muthuri, S., da Silva Borges, A., Oliveira Sá Cachada, S., de Chaves, R. N., Gomes, T. N. Q. F., Pereira, S. I. S., de Vilhena e. Santos, D. M., dos Santos, F. K., Rodrigues da Silva, P. G., de Souza, M. C., Lambert, V., April, M., Uys, M., Naidoo, N., Synyanya, N., Carstens, M., Donatto, S., Lemon, C., Jackson, A., Pearson, A., Pennington, G., Ragus, D., Roubion, R., Schuna, J., Wiltz, D., Batterham, A., Kerr, J., Pratt, M., Pietrobelli, Angelo, ISCOLE Research Group, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Barreira, Tiago V, Schuna, John M, Mire, Emily F, Maher, Carol A, Olds, Timothy S, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition Science, MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Pediatric Obesity, Time Factors, Accelerometry, Exercise, Measurement, Physical activity, Sedentary time, Pediatrics, Medicine (miscellaneous), RA773, Accelerometer, Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Surveys and Questionnaires, Accelerometry, 030212 general & internal medicine, 315 Sport and fitness sciences, Child, Measurement, Nutrition and Dietetics, ALGORITHMS, Nutrition Surveys, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, Sedentary time, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Physical activity, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motor Activity, Childhood obesity, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, WRIST, Accelerometer data, Wakefulness, Life Style, Exercise, Protocol (science), HIP, business.industry, Methodology, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, United States, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Physical therapy, Sleep, business
Abstract

Background We compared 24-hour waist-worn accelerometer wear time characteristics of 9–11 year old children in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) to similarly aged U.S. children providing waking-hours waist-worn accelerometer data in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Valid cases were defined as having ≥4 days with ≥10 hours of waking wear time in a 24-hour period, including one weekend day. Previously published algorithms for extracting total sleep episode time from 24-hour accelerometer data and for identifying wear time (in both the 24-hour and waking-hours protocols) were applied. The number of valid days obtained and a ratio (percent) of valid cases to the number of participants originally wearing an accelerometer were computed for both ISCOLE and NHANES. Given the two surveys’ discrepant sampling designs, wear time (minutes/day, hours/day) from U.S. ISCOLE was compared to NHANES using a meta-analytic approach. Wear time for the 11 additional countries participating in ISCOLE were graphically compared with NHANES. Results 491 U.S. ISCOLE children (9.92±0.03 years of age [M±SE]) and 586 NHANES children (10.43 ± 0.04 years of age) were deemed valid cases. The ratio of valid cases to the number of participants originally wearing an accelerometer was 76.7% in U.S. ISCOLE and 62.6% in NHANES. Wear time averaged 1357.0 ± 4.2 minutes per 24-hour day in ISCOLE. Waking wear time was 884.4 ± 2.2 minutes/day for U.S. ISCOLE children and 822.6 ± 4.3 minutes/day in NHANES children (difference = 61.8 minutes/day, p

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