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Background: Carcinogenicity assessment of industrial chemicals is necessary because of the risk of workplaces exposure to these chemicals in humans. Objectives: We aimed to evaluation nongenotoxicity and epigenetic carcinogenicity of the industrial chemicals anisol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Results: Treatment of Bhas 42 cells with these chemicals did not induce cell transformation, and there was no significant methylation difference in the methylation of CpG islands between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion: Anisol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene do not exert nongenotoxic carcinogenicity or methylation-related epigenetic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian brain is far superior to today's electronic circuits in intelligence and efficiency. Its functions are realized by the network of neurons connected via synapses. Much effort has been extended in finding satisfactory electronic neural networks that act like brains, i.e., especially the electronic version of synapse that is capable of the weight control and is independent of the external data storage. We demonstrate experimentally that a single metal-oxide-metal structure successfully stores the biological synaptic weight variations (synaptic plasticity) without any external storage node or circuit. Our device also demonstrates the reliability of plasticity experimentally with the model considering the time dependence of spikes. All these properties are embodied by the change of resistance level corresponding to the history of injected voltage-pulse signals. Moreover, we prove the capability of second-order learning of the multi-resistive device by applying it to the circuit composed of transistors. We anticipate our demonstration will invigorate the study of electronic neural networks using non-volatile multi-resistive device, which is simpler and superior compared to other storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]