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Background: In 2011, the FDA approved telaprevir (TVR) and boceprevir (BOC) for use with pegylated interferon and ribavirin to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. We aimed to evaluate the real-world application, tolerability, and effectiveness of TVR- and BOC-based HCV treatment in a large integrated care setting. Methods: We utilized Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPNC) electronic databases and medical records to study the experience of all KPNC patients who initiated TVR or BOC from June 2011 to March 2012. Results: Compared with the pool of 5,194 treatment-eligible patients, the 352 treatment initiators were more likely to be cirrhotic (24 vs. 10 %, p < 0.001) and treatment-experienced (44 vs. 22 %, p < 0.001). Among the treatment initiators, 211 received TVR and 141 BOC. Overall, 31 % discontinued treatment prematurely; 16 % of patients stopped treatment early because of side effects. One patient with cirrhosis died of sepsis during treatment. Premature discontinuation was highest among TVR-treated cirrhotic patients (58 %). Sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 55 % overall and was similar comparing the TVR (56 %)- and BOC (53 %)-treated groups. The only independent predictors of treatment failure were cirrhosis at baseline [odds ratio (OR) for SVR 0.44, p = 0.004] and prior partial or null response (OR for SVR 0.57, p = 0.02). Conclusions: In the initial application of TVR and BOC, patients with cirrhosis and prior treatment failure were prioritized for treatment. In this real-world experience, most patients successfully completed a full treatment course. However, side effect-related premature discontinuations were common, and SVR rates were lower than reported in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few population-based studies have described characteristics and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the USA. Methods: We retrospectively studied adults with CHB in the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPNC) from July 2009 to December 2010 ( n = 12,016). Laboratory tests, treatment patterns, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance were ascertained during a 'recent' 18-month study window (July 2009-December 2010), or as 'ever' based on records dating to 1995. Results: The mean age was 49 years; 51 % were men, 83 % Asian, and 87 % KPNC members >5 years. Overall, 51 % had ≥1 liver-related visit, 14 % with gastroenterology or infectious disease specialists, and 37 % with primary care providers (PCP) only. Less than 40 % of patients had both hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and ALT testing conducted recently, while 56 % of eligible patients had received HCC surveillance. Recent laboratory testing and HCC surveillance were more frequent in patients seen by a specialist versus PCP only (90 vs. 47 % and 92 vs. 73 %, respectively, p values <0.001). During the study period, 1,649 (14 %) received HBV treatment, while 5 % of untreated patients had evidence of treatment eligibility. Among 599 patients newly initiated on HBV therapy, 76 % had guideline-based indications for treatment. Conclusions: Most patients initiated on HBV treatment met eligibility, and very few patients with evidence of needing treatment were left untreated. However, monitoring of ALT and HBV DNA levels, as well as HCC surveillance, were not frequent, underestimating the proportion of patients that warranted HBV therapy. Viral monitoring and cancer surveillance are therefore important targets for improving the scope of CHB care in the community setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]