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Transient energy transfer effect might occur in femtosecond pump-probe optical Kerr gate (OKG) measurements. Using time- and frequency-resolved two-dimensional pump-probe imaging spectroscopy, we are able to obtain the OKG spectra as a function of the delay time between pump and probe pulses. By analyzing the pump power dependence of the OKG spectra at different delay time, we find that due to the effect of transient energy transfer, the short-wavelength components of the OKG spectra are enhanced when the delay of the probe to pump pulse is positive, while the long-wavelength components increase when the delay is negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular hyperpolarizability γ(-ω;ω,ω,-ω) of a supramolecule, zinc 4,4[sup ′] ,4[sup ′′] ,4[sup ′′′] -tetrasulfonato-phthalocyanine/N-butyl-N[sup ′] -methylanthraquinone-4,4[sup ′] -bipyridinum dibromide assembly (ZnTsPc-V-AQ), was observed to be enhanced by ten times when the sample was optically pumped by a 355 nm pump beam. The enhancement of the nonlinearity was found to be due predominantly to the charge transfer between the two monomers of the supramolecule after optical excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diode-pumped pulsed Er-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers at 2.8 μm actively Q-switched by using an mechanical Q-switch with feedbacks of a protected gold mirror and a blazing grating were investigated, respectively. A pulse energy of 0.13 mJ and repetition rate of 10 kHz with a pulse width of 127.3 ns at 2.78 μm was obtained when using a protected gold mirror as the feedback. By replacing the mirror with a blazing grating in Littrow configuration, the wavelength of the Q-switched pulse train was tunable with over 100 nm tuning range from 2.71 to 2.82 μm and a linewidth of ~1.5 nm. A maxinmum pulse energy of up to 0.15 mJ and repetition rate of 10 kHz with a pulse width of 92.6 ns was achieved, yielding the maximum peak power of exceeding 1.6 kW. The pulse energy and peak power, to our knowledge, are the highest ever reported in the mid-infrared Q-switched fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The localized electric field enhancement of Au-Ag nanorods dimer is theoretically investigated based on finite element method (FEM). An analytical mutual-interference model between asymmetric dipole-dimer has been built to describe the dipoles coupling with different resonance modes in heterogeneous dimer. Three prominent enhancement peaks could be observed from ultraviolet to visible spectrum, in which the ultraviolet resonance especially corresponds to a higher mode in both Ag and Au nanorods. The results reveal the strong coupling mechanism among different dipoles existing in the asymmetric dipole system, which could support the design of plasmonic nanodevices in larger resonance wavelength range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-fidelity numerical model for investigations of the ultrafast heating is highly desirable for simulating the pulsed laser damage and the ultrafast electron emission characteristics. However, realization of accurate predictions of thermal dynamics and thermionic electron emission remains challenging due to the high non-equilibrium state, in which the equilibrium heating parameters are invalid. Here, we report an axisymmetric two-dimensional (2-D) high-fidelity numerical model for predictions of the thermionic emission with respect to the temperature-dependent dynamics parameters. The spatio-temporal temperature evolution dynamics and the thermionic emission rate characteristics on Au film target are demonstrated, whose credibility is approved by the Au film ablation threshold experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pump power dependence of the spatial gating properties of femtosecond optical Kerr gate (OKG) was investigated using coaxial two-color optical Kerr measurements in CS. As the pump power increased, the spatial pattern of the optical Kerr signals changed from a Gaussian spot to a ring form, and then a spot surrounded by a concentric ring, successively. By comparing the experimental data with the calculation results and measuring the pump power dependence of the OKG signal intensity, we demonstrated that the spatial variation of OKG transmittance could be attributed to the non-uniform spatially distributed phase change of the probe beam, due to the transient birefringence effect induced by pump beam with transverse mode of a Gaussian distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the lotus leaf, a new superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical mesh-porous structure is fabricated by femtosecond laser irradiation on silicon. The fabricated surface shows a superhydrophobic character with water contact angle being found to reach up to 158±1 and sliding angle of 4±0.5. The superhydrophobicity is stable even if the PH of solution changes from 1 to 14. And the surface also exhibits excellent self-cleaning effect and bouncing behavior, implying that the adhesion of the surface is extremely low. This work will enhance further understanding of the wettability of a solid surface with special surface morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that quasi-periodic void structure can be self-formed in transparent materials by single femtosecond laser pulse. Compared to the multiple-pulse induced structures, the single-pulse induced void structures are very short and may contain absent voids. The formation mechanisms have been discussed comparatively in detail. Based on this, a technique for high-speed and large-area fabrication of micro-void arrays in transparent materials has been presented. The experimental results show that 3D micro-void structures which contain over several hundred thousand voids in micrometer scales are produced in areas of square millimeters within a few minutes, and the periods of micro-void structures can be easily varied by processing parameters. This work has potential applications in 3D optical storage, photonic crystal and integrated optics, and provides novel insight into the interaction between the single femtosecond pulse and the transparent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]