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Municipal solid waste management is creating serious environmental issues for both developing and developed countries. Proper waste management solutions should be adopted to meet technological feasibility, and it should be financially and environmentally sustainable as well as socially and legally acceptable. Developing countries like India have introduced new policy frameworks for the proper management of municipal solid waste resources along with waste-to-energy recovery and material recycling. This paper gives a deep insight into municipal waste management systems and examines the energy and environmental policy issues to identify weak points in selection criteria for suitable technology. India is facing serious issues in the management of municipal solid waste and is trying to introduce better management solutions. From a technical perspective, both gasification and anaerobic digestion seem to be attractive when compared to traditional management approaches, but the economic feasibility of these technologies needs to be verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers real-time parameter variations of dish Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) and combined solar parabolic trough-thermal power system (HTP)-based hybrid power system pertaining to frequency containment. A maiden attempt has been made by considering a detailed modelling of variable speed DSTS system for load frequency control (LFC), which shares the total load along with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and HTP in the proposed hybrid power system. Frequency oscillations resulting from the variations in load demand and/or power output variation of DSTS due to intermittent solar insolation in the hybrid power system needs to be contained employing an appropriate technique. To this end, a novel tilt integral-sliding mode controller (TISMC) optimized by improved African vulture optimization algorithm (IAVOA) has been introduced. Improvement in the existing AVOA has been made by introducing a joint opposite selection (JOS) operator, which shows better performance in exploitation and exploration phases of minimizing frequency error. The performance of the proposed controllers is compared with proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and proportional-integral-Sliding mode controller (PISMC) for LFC. Finally, performance of the proposed technique is validated in real-time system using OPAL-RT OP4510. From the MATLAB simulation and OPAL-RT results, it has been observed that the IAVOA-based TISMC is the best controller for controlling frequency deviations of the proposed hybrid power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]