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Oxygen (O2) is an inhibiting factor for plant growth and development in submerged and flooding environments. Plants experience different O2 concentrations, such as normoxia, hypoxia, and anoxia, which can change over space and time. Plants have evolved various morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations to withstand low O2 stress, many of which have been well investigated. This review provides a detailed analysis of how plants respond to hypoxia, a significant stress factor primarily caused by flooding. Hypoxia affects plants at various cellular, developmental, and environmental levels. This review highlights genetic, molecular, and metabolic adaptations crops employ to cope with O2 deficiency. The roles of various transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulation mechanisms in enabling plants to modulate their physiological responses under hypoxic conditions are notable. The review also identifies a significant gap in research on plant responses during reoxygenation, the phase of returning to normal O2 levels, especially under natural lighting conditions. This transition poses ROS generation and photoinhibition challenges, affecting plant recovery post-hypoxia. We discuss various strategies to enhance plant hypoxia tolerance, including traditional breeding, genetic modification, and grafting techniques. It emphasizes integrating these approaches with a comprehensive understanding of hypoxia sensing and response mechanisms. We underscore the complexity of plant adaptations to hypoxia and the need for continued research in this field, especially in the face of global climate change. This is vital for developing sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring future food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter is a major foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, causing severe human infections and imposing a substantial economic burden on global public health. The ongoing spread and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains across various fields exacerbate therapeutic challenges, raising the incidence of diseases and fatalities. Medicinal plants, renowned for their abundance in secondary metabolites, exhibit proven efficacy in inhibiting various foodborne and zoonotic pathogens, presenting sustainable alternatives to ensure food safety. This review aims to synthesize recent insights from peer-reviewed journals on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species, elucidate the in vitro antibacterial activity of medicinal plant compounds against Campylobacter by delineating underlying mechanisms, and explore the application of these compounds in controlling Campylobacter in food. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements and future prospects of employing medicinal plant compounds in food products to mitigate foodborne pathogens, particularly Campylobacter. In conclusion, we argue that medicinal plant compounds can be used as effective and sustainable sources for developing new antimicrobial alternatives to counteract the dissemination of MDR Campylobacter strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based comprehensive therapy increases outcomes, cancer patients still have a low five-year survival rate and a high recurrence rate. The primary factor contributing to cancer patients' poor prognoses is radiation resistance. A class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), controls various biological processes in eukaryotes. These miRNAs influence tumor cell growth, death, migration, invasion, and metastasis, which controls how human carcinoma develops and spreads. The correlation between the unbalanced expression of miRNAs and the prognosis and sensitivity to radiation therapy is well-established. MiRNAs have a significant impact on the regulation of DNA repair, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness in the tumor radiation response. But because radio resistance is a complicated phenomena, further research is required to fully comprehend these mechanisms. Radiation response rates vary depending on the modality used, which includes the method of delivery, radiation dosage, tumor stage and grade, confounding medical co-morbidities, and intrinsic tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to human tumors' resistance to radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, or paratuberculosis (PTB) in ruminants, besides having zoonotic potential. It possibly changes the gut microbiome, but no conclusive data are available yet. This study aimed at investigating the influence of MAP on the faecal microbiome of cattle naturally infected with PTB. In a follow up period of 10 months, PTB status was investigated in a herd of dairy cattle with history of clinical cases. Each animal was tested for MAP infection using serum and milk ELISA for MAP anti-bodies and IS900 real-time PCR and recombinase polymerase amplification assays for MAP DNA in the faeces and milk monthly for 4 successive months, then a last one after 6 months. The faecal samples were subjected to 16S rDNA metagenomic analysis using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology. The microbial content was compared between animal groups based on MAP positivity rate and production status. All animals were MAP positive by one or more tests, but two animals were consistently negative for MAP DNA in the faeces. In all animals, the phyla firmicutes and bacteroidetes were highly enriched with a small contribution of proteobacteria, and increased abundance of the families Oscillospiraceae, Planococcaceae, and Streptococcacaceae was noted. Animals with high MAP positivity rate showed comparable faecal microbial content, although MAP faecal positivity had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the microbiome. Generally, richness and evenness indices decreased with increasing positivity rate. A significantly different microbial content was found between dry cows and heifers (p < 0.05). Particularly, Oscillospiraceae and Rikenellaceae were enriched in heifers, while Planococcaceae and Streptococcaceae were overrepresented in dry cows. Furthermore, abundance of 72 genera was significantly different between these two groups (p < 0.05). Changes in faecal microbiome composition were notably associated with increasing MAP shedding in the faeces. The present findings suggest a combined influence of the production status and MAP on the cattle faecal microbiome. This possibly correlates with the fate of the infection, the concern in disease control, again remains for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been rediscovered in the last fifteen years that B-cells play an active role in autoimmune etiology rather than just being spectators. The clinical success of B-cell depletion therapies (BCDTs) has contributed to this. BCDTs, including those that target CD20, CD19, and BAFF, were first developed to eradicate malignant B-cells. These days, they treat autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Particular surprises have resulted from the use of BCDTs in autoimmune diseases. For example, even in cases where BCDT is used to treat the condition, its effects on antibody-secreting plasma cells and antibody levels are restricted, even though these cells are regarded to play a detrimental pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. In this Review, we provide an update on our knowledge of the biology of B-cells, examine the outcomes of clinical studies employing BCDT for autoimmune reasons, talk about potential explanations for the drug's mode of action, and make predictions about future approaches to targeting B-cells other than depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-pyelonephritis activity of naringenin alone or combined with ceftriaxone in a rat model. In all, 35 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Groups 2 – 5 underwent surgery and were infected with E. coli to induce pyelonephritis. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with normal saline and groups 3, 4, and 5 received ceftriaxone (60 mg/kg), naringenin (20 mg/kg), and ceftriaxone+naringenin, respectively for 1 week. Subsequently, the disc diffusion method and bacterial colony counting were performed. After six weeks, MDA and GSH levels, TOS, TAC, activities of GPx, CAT and SOD, and histopathological analyses were evaluated in the kidneys. A week after the ceftriaxone treatment and two weeks after the naringenin exposure, negative urinary bacterial colonies were observed. The combination of these drugs caused negative colonies during the first week. Naringenin alone or in combination with ceftriaxone significantly decreased renal MDAand TOS but increased TAC, GSH and activities of GPx, CAT and SOD compared with the pyelonephritic group. This combination revealed histopathological changes in the kidneys. Our data suggest synergism between naringenin and ceftriaxone in alleviating pyelonephritis-induced complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins are known as long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs. Now, they are becoming more significant as important regulators of gene expression, and as a result, of many biological processes in both healthy and pathological circumstances, such as blood malignancies. Through controlling alternative splicing, transcription, and translation at the post-transcriptional level, lncRNAs have an impact on the expression of genes. In multiple myeloma (MM), the majority of lncRNAs is elevated and promotes the proliferation, adhesion, drug resistance and invasion of MM cells by blocking apoptosis and altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). To control mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, they either directly attach to the target mRNA or transfer RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). By expressing certain miRNA-binding sites that function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), most lncRNAs mimic the actions of miRNAs. Here, we highlight lncRNAs role in the MM pathogenesis with emphasize on their capacity to control the molecular mechanisms known as "hallmarks of cancer," which permit earlier tumor initiation and progression and malignant cell transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recently years, the field of organic chemistry has seen a growing interest in the development of environmentally friendly and efficient synthetic methods. In this context, we introduce a new electro-organic approach for the synthesis of methyl cinnamate derivatives through the Heck reaction, carried out under green conditions. The conventional Heck reaction, widely used for synthesizing diverse compounds, suffers from drawbacks like the use of toxic solvents, harsh reaction conditions, and the generation of waste. To address these challenges, we employed an electrochemical method, offering a more sustainable alternative. Our electro-organic process utilized a two-electrode setup with easily available anode and cathode materials. Through the application of an appropriate potential difference, both the aryl halide and olefin substrates were electrochemically activated, leading to the formation of the desired methyl cinnamate derivatives. This innovative approach offers several significant advantages. Firstly, it eliminates the need for toxic catalysts, reducing the environmental impact related to waste disposal. Secondly, the mild reaction conditions allow for the use of a broad range of functional groups, enabling the synthesis of diverse methyl cinnamate derivatives. Moreover, the electrochemical approach demonstrates exceptional selectivity and efficiency, resulting in high product yields. Additionally, the method is easily scalable, making it suitable for large-scale production. The affordability and accessibility of the electrode materials further contribute to the sustainability of the process. In summary, our electro-organic method represents a greener and more efficient strategy for synthesizing methyl cinnamate derivatives via the Heck reaction. It not only addresses the limitations of conventional methods but also aligns with the principles of sustainable chemistry. We expect this novel methodology to find widespread applications in the synthesis of various important compounds, promoting the development of more sustainable chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Laser markers installed on the walls and ceiling of the bunker are usually used for patient positioning in radiotherapy. Therefore, they directly influence radiotherapy treatment accuracy. The present study aimed to develop a new method without using an external portable laser source or any dedicated laser alignment phantom to align the radiotherapy setup lasers installed in treatment bunkers. Methods: A patient-specific IMRT quality assurance phantom (OCTAVIUS 4D in our study) was used as a phantom having a similar size of patients and surface markers precisely showing the central point of the phantom. After ensuring the precise coincidence between light and radiation isocenters at various gantry angles (0, 90, and 270 degrees), true laser positions were found optically by matching the shadows of all the cross hair lines (CHLs) on the external window of the gantry head and also on the phantom surface at various gantry angles. The distances between the laser lines and light field crosslines on the treatment room walls for our proposed approach were compared with the conventional laser calibration technique (laser calibration with an external laser source positioned in the machine isocenter) and reported as laser alignment accuracy. Results: The mean displacements performed for laser alignment on the phantom surface were 1.2 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.1, and 1.0 ± 0.1 mm for sagittal, coronal, and axial lasers, respectively. These displacements on the gantry head exit plane were 1.4 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 0.2, and 1.1 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Mean value of laser alignment accuracy on the wall of the treatment room was 19.5 ± 0.5 mm for our new method, whilst it was 32.7 ± 0.7 mm for adjusting lasers with the conventional method. Conclusion: Our new approach for laser alignment was performed and evaluated successfully. This method can provided a more accurate procedure than the conventional method without needing an external laser source or dedicated laser alignment phantom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first, an organometallic catalyst namely, Pd-DPyE@MCM-41@MNP was prepared through magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles-doped into channels of mesoporous silica MCM-41 and then, anchoring a novel complex composed of di(4-pyridyl)ethylene and palladium on the inner surface of the support. This immobilized catalyst was successfully identified via VSM, ICP-OES, TEM, FTIR, TGA, SEM, BET, XRD, EDX and elemental mapping analyses. After that, it was used as a versatile, heterogeneous, and magnetically reproducible catalyst in the generation of N,N′-alkylidene bisamides (1a-13a, 8–20 min, 90–98%, 50 °C, solvent-free) and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction derivatives (1b-26b, 10–140 min, 86–98%, 60 °C, PEG-400). The VSM plot of Pd-DPyE@MCM-41@MNP displays that this nanocatalyst can be easily recycled by applying an external magnetic field. In both synthetic paths, this nanocatalyst was reused at least seven times without palladium leaching and significantly reducing its catalytic performance. Also, stability and heterogeneous nature of catalyst were approved via ICP-OES technique and hot filtration test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially, 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane hydrogen sulfate grafted to chloropropyl functionalized bilayer silica-nano-Fe3O4 (BPHSBF) has been synthesized. The resulting nanocomposite has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Afterward, polyhydroacridines and polyhydroquinolines were produced in a one-pot multicomponent synthesis (via Hantzsch reaction) in the presence of our magnetic nanocatalyst and in a solvent-free environment. Some of the key characteristics of this protocol are atom economy, high yields, very suitable turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values, simple work-up, environmental friendliness, simplicity in separating the catalyst by an external magnet, and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, in both synthetic protocols, the heterogeneous nature of BPHSBF was investigated and affirmed by utilizing the hot filtration technique and its remarkable recyclability and reusability in 6 runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-messenger RNA molecules are back-spliced to create circular RNAs, which are non-coding RNA molecules. After a thorough investigation, it was discovered that these circRNAs have critical biological roles. CircRNAs have a variety of biological functions, including their ability to operate as microRNA sponges, interact with proteins to alter their stabilities and activities, and provide templates for the translation of proteins. Evidence supports a link between the emergence of numerous diseases, including various cancer types, and dysregulated circRNA expression. It is commonly known that a significant contributing element to cancer development is the disruption of numerous molecular pathways essential for preserving cellular and tissue homeostasis. The dysregulation of multiple biological processes is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the molecular pathways linked to these processes are thought to be promising targets for therapeutic intervention. The biological and carcinogenic effects of circRNAs in the context of cancer are thoroughly reviewed in this article. Specifically, we highlight circRNAs' involvement in signal transduction pathways and their possible use as novel biomarkers for the early identification and prognosis of human cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first, the preparation and identification of a novel heterogeneous organic–inorganic hybrid acidic nanocatalyst, namely 1,3-(4-pyridyl-1-ium sulfonic acid) (4′-pyridyl-1-ium silica-n-propyl)-propane-dichloride grafted on nano-silica (nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl]2), have been reported; the identification has been done through a broad range of physicochemical methods comprising FT-IR, SEM, HRTEM, BET, TGA, XRD and EDX techniques. Afterward, nano-silica@[DPSSP][Cl]2 was successfully applied to facilitate the condensation of aryl aldehydes (1 mmol), 2-thiobarbituric acid (2 mmol) and NH4OAc (1.4 mmol) in water solvent (2 mL) at room temperature, such that it provided ten derivatives of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidines (1a–10a) in 5–10 min with yields of 93–99%. Our catalyst furnished the derivatives in very short reaction times and in excellent yields, high atom economy, easy workup and very favorable turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was confirmed and measured using the hot filtration test and its excellent reusability in six runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript describes the preparation and characterization of DBU hydrogen sulfate bonded to chloropropyl-functionalized bilayer silica-nano-Fe3O4 (DHCBSF), as well as its use as a highly effective, heterogeneous, and recyclable catalyst to facilitate a valuable chemical reaction. FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD, BET, VSM, and EDS techniques were used to identify the nanomagnetic catalyst. The nanomagnetic catalyst (0.01 g) was successfully used in a multicomponent reaction including 2-thiobarbituric acid (2 mmol), aryl aldehydes (1 mmol), and ammonium acetate (1.4 mmol) at 25 °C in H2O (2 mL), so that it presented ten samples of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidines with yields of 92–98% in 5–10 min. DHCBSF is a heterogeneous catalyst with advantages such as a high specific surface area, low environmental and economic impact, and ease of purification and separation from the reaction mixture. Furthermore, the nano-catalyst was recycled ten times without significantly altering its catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic stresses are a significant constraint to plant production globally. Identifying stress-related genes can aid in the development of stress-tolerant elite genotypes and facilitate trait and crop manipulation. The primary aim of this study was to conduct whole transcriptome analyses of the salt-tolerant faba bean genotype, Hassawi-2, under different durations of salt stress (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) at the early vegetative stage, to better understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance. After de novo assembly, a total of 140,308 unigenes were obtained. The up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 2380, 2863, 3057, 3484, and 4820 at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of salt stress, respectively. Meanwhile, 1974, 3436, 2371, 3502, and 5958 genes were downregulated at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of salt stress, respectively. These DEGs encoded various regulatory and functional proteins, including kinases, plant hormone proteins, transcriptional factors (TFs) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), Myeloblastosis (MYB), and (WRKY), heat shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, dehydrin, antioxidant enzymes, and aquaporin proteins. This suggests that the faba bean genome possesses an abundance of salinity resistance genes, which trigger different adaptive mechanisms under salt stress. Some selected DEGs validated the RNA sequencing results, thus confirming similar gene expression levels. This study represents the first transcriptome analysis of faba bean leaves subjected to salinity stress offering valuable insights into the mechanisms governing salt tolerance in faba bean during the vegetative stage. This comprehensive investigation enhances our understanding of precise gene regulatory mechanisms and holds promise for the development of novel salt-tolerant faba bean salt-tolerant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas sensing is a critical research area in aerospace, military, medical, and industrial environments, as it helps prevent risks to human health and the environment caused by toxic gases. Propane and butane, commonly used as fuels in household and industrial settings, are toxic and flammable gases that need to be effectively detected to avoid leakage or explosion accidents. To address this, nanomaterial-based gas sensors are being developed with low power consumption and operating temperatures. In this study, two-dimensional nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) based sensors are used for the first time for the identification of butane and propane gases. The sensor consists of two C2N electrodes connected via a C2N channel. The C2N sensor design was enhanced by replacing the C2N electrodes with gold electrodes and adding a gate terminal under the channel. The resistive method is employed to detect butane and propane gases by measuring the variation in the electrical conductivity of the sensor due to exposure to these target molecules. To investigate the electronic transport properties, such as transmission spectra, density of states and current, first principles simulations of the C2N-based sensors is conducted using Quantumwise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK). The detection method relies on the alteration of the FET's electrical current at specific gate voltages due to the presence of these gases. This proposed sensor offers the potential for small size and low-cost gas sensing applications. The designed sensor aims to effectively detect propane and butane gases. By leveraging the unique properties of C2N and utilizing advanced simulation tools, this sensor could provide high sensitivity and accuracy in detecting propane and butane gases. Such an advancement in gas sensing technology holds significant promise for ensuring safety in various environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hydatid liver disease is a prevalent condition in endemic areas, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. The use of laparoscopy as a treatment option has gained popularity. However, there is still ongoing debate regarding the optimal approach for surgical management. In this study, we present our experience with the surgical treatment of hydatid liver disease comparing conventional and minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic and robotic options. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for hydatid liver disease at our institution. Data was collected on the patients' clinical presentations, cyst characteristics, surgical procedures performed, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications. Results: A total of 98 hydatid liver cysts were surgically managed in 57 patients. The mean age of the patients was 37.2 ± 10.2 years, with 38 (66.7%) being male. Among the patients, 14 (24.6%) underwent conventional surgery (6 partial pericystectomy, 4 total pericystectomy, and 4 liver resection), 37 (64.9%) underwent laparoscopic surgery (31 partial pericystectomy, 4 total pericystectomy, and 2 liver resection), and 6 (10.5%) underwent robotic surgery (6 partial pericystectomy). There were no significant differences between the conventional surgery and minimally invasive groups in terms of patient age, gender, cyst size, or number. However, laparotomy was associated with a higher number of total pericystectomy and liver resection procedures compared to the minimally invasive approach (P = 0.010). Nonetheless, the operation time and blood loss were comparable between both groups. Perioperative complications occurred in 19 (33.3%) patients, with 16 (84%) experiencing minor issues. Bile leak occurred in 8 (14%) patients, resolving spontaneously in 5 patients. There was no significant difference (P = 0.314) in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conventional surgery, however, was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay (P = 0.034). During follow-up, there were no cases of mortality or cyst recurrence in our cohort. Conclusion: Minimally invasive approaches for hydatid liver cysts offer advantages such as shorter hospitalization and potentially quicker recovery, making them valuable treatment options when accompanied by careful patient selection and adherence to proper surgical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study used three well-known white-box data-driven models, including multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), gene expression programming (GEP), and group method of data handling (GMDH), for generating explicit formulas for the prediction of thermal conductivity of the soil (λ) . Therefore, 40 soil samples and three input variables, such as moisture content (ω) , porosity (n) , and the natural density of soil (ρ) , were used to predict λ . The performance of the proposed formulas was assessed via statistical indicators such as the determination of coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Statistical criteria have shown that all proposed models provided almost identical results. However, the MARS model was marginally more accurate than the GEP and GMDH models. In addition, the error measures of MARS with RMSE = 0.021, MAE = 0.018, and MAPE = 1.191% were slightly more accurate than GA-ANN (RMSE = 0.030, MAE = 0.025, and MAPE = 1.750%) that reported in the previous study for estimation of λ . However, the prominent feature of the suggested white-box data-driven models compared to black-box models such as ANN is to provide explicit equations for estimating λ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lentil is an important annual food legume crop, nitrogen fixer and provides a substantial amount of protein, carbohydrate, minerals, and vitamin content. The use of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity is crucial for crop improvement, efficient management, and conservation of plant genetic resources. The current study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among lentil genotypes using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Therefore, we evaluated a collection of 36 lentil genotypes, including 20 from Yemen, Saudi Arabia (7), Egypt (4), and Bangladesh (3), and (2) genotypes from the International Center for Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) using 21 SRAP primer combinations. The amplified fragments showed a high level of useful polymorphic amplified fragments (775 out of 782) indicating a higher degree of variation. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.31 to 0.39 with an average of 0.33 for each primer. The UPGMA trees, based on Jaccard similarity index matrices, separated the genotypes into four main clusters according to their geographical origin. The population structure supported the major groups and attested to their great degree of differentiation. The highest lentil population was found at K = 3, K = 5, and K = 7 levels, showing purity and admixture ancestry among the lentil population. This study highlighted the wide genetic diversity among the studied lentil genotypes and demonstrated the effectiveness of the SRAP technique in determining the genetic variability of lentil. Furthermore, it could be used to establish the genetic peculiarity of ecotypes when applying for the obtainment of origin and agro-morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protection of personnel against ionising exposure is necessary to prevent occurrence of biological risks. The objective of this study is to arranged light and heavy nuclei at the surface state particle of composite geopolymer concrete when filler with metal (Ni or Fe) for X-ray shielding applications. The composite fly ash geopolymer concrete with fillers Ni and fly ash geopolymer concrete with Fe as a shield for X-ray radiation has been successfully synthesized by a simple method. The shielding composites were carried out using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray mobile to determine optical properties, structural properties, surface morphology, and shielding performance. In this study shows strong linear correlation between structural properties and the effectiveness of X-ray shielding. The best composite as an X-ray radiation shield is composite concrete geopolymer with AC and Ni as a filler indicated by higher linear attenuation coefficient μ due to present combination between heavy and light nuclei at the surface state of particle, consequently, produce high stability structural and optical properties, and bonding characteristics. The results in this study indicated composite concrete geopolymer fly ash with AC and Ni as a filler with sharp nodule at the surface state looks like prickly ball as a new composite for X-ray shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging global pollutant due to their widespread dispersion and potential threats to marine ecosystems. However, studies on MPs in estuarine and coastal ecosystems of Bangladesh are very limited. Here, we conducted the first study on abundance, distribution, characteristics, and risk assessment of microplastics in the sediment of Karnaphuli River estuary, Bangladesh. Microplastic particles were extracted from sediments of 30 stations along the estuary by density separation and then enumerated and characterized using a stereomicroscope and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In the collected sediment of the Karnaphuli River estuary, the number of MPs varied from 22.29 to 59.5 items kg−1 of dry weight. The mean abundance was higher in the downstream and left banks of the estuary, whereas the predominant shape, colour, and size of MPs were films (35%), and white (19%), and 1–5 mm (30.38%), respectively. Major polymer types were polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, cellulose, and nylon. MPs were found to pose risks (low to high) in the sediment of the estuary, with the highest risk occurring at one station near a sewage outlet, according to the results of risk analyses using the pollution risk index, polymer risk index (H), contamination factors, and pollution load index (PLI). The single value index, PLI, clearly demonstrated that all sampling sites were considerably polluted with microplastics (PLI > 1). H values showed toxic polymers, even in lower proportions, possess higher polymeric hazard scores and vice versa. This investigation uncovered new insights on the status of MPs in the sediments of the Karnaphuli River estuary, laying the groundwork for future research and control of microplastic pollution and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we focused on the anti-asthmatic and antioxidant effects of Zingiber officinalis roscoe L. (ZO) aqueous extract. This study includes 20 adult male rats, which were grouped into four; Group I: control group; Group II: asthmatic group (Ovalbumin sensitized/challenge model, Oval group); Group III: received ovalbumin sensitized/challenge associated a dose of 207 mg/kg body weight (BW) of ZO (Oval + D1 group); Group IV: received ovalbumin sensitized/challenge associated a dose of 414 mg/k BW of ZO (Oval + D2 group). After 21 days, blood and lung samples were collected for biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses. The ameliorative effect of ZO phytochemical compounds was also assessed by in silico approach on transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptors. The oxidative/antioxidative status was evaluated in the lung tissues. Our results show that ZO extract alleviated the ovalbumin-induced hematological and biochemical disruptions associated oxidative injury. In fact, white and red blood cells (WBC and RBC, respectively), aspartate aminotransaminase (ASAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly disrupted (p < 0.05) in Oval group and alleviated following ZO treatment. Besides, several histopathological features were outlined in lung tissues of Oval group. Interestingly, ZO was found to exert ameliorative effects on tissue level. In silico analyses, particularly the binding affinities, the number of H-bonds, the embedding distance and the molecular interactions of ZO phytochemical compounds with either STAT6 or TNF-α supported the in vivo results. These findings confirm the potential ethno-pharmacological effects of ZO against asthma and its associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "A new perspective on therapies involving B-cell depletion in autoimmune diseases" published in Molecular Biology Reports. The correction addresses an error in the acknowledgements section, where the affiliation was incorrectly stated as the Deanship of Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia, instead of the correct affiliation, the Deanship of Scientific Research, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. The original article has been corrected. The correction notice also includes a statement from the publisher, Springer Nature, emphasizing their neutrality regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are listed as Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Ahmed Hjazi, Himayat Ullah, Pooja Bansal, Mahamedha Deorari, I. B. Sapaev, Ahmed Ali Ami, Karrar Hatif Mohmmed, and Munther Kadhim Abosaoda. [Extracted from the article]

Several studies have investigated palm trees' microbiota infected with red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), the major pest of palm trees. This study compared the microbial communities of infected and uninfected palm trees in the Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia, determined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Illumina MiSeq. The results indicated that taxonomic diversity variation was higher for infected tree trunk than the healthy tree trunk. Soil samples from the vicinity of healthy and infected trees did not have a significant variation in bacterial diversity. Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in RPW-infected tree trunk, and Pseudomonadaceae was the most prominent family. This study is the first report on the characterization of RPW-infected and healthy palm trees' microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate the curse of dimensionality in high-dimensional datasets, feature selection has become a crucial step in most data mining applications. However, no feature selection method consistently delivers the best performance across different domains. For this reason and in order to improve the stability of the feature selection process, ensemble feature selection frameworks have become increasingly popular. While many have examined the construction of ensemble techniques under various considerations, little work has been done to shed light on the influence of the aggregation process on the stability of the ensemble feature selection. In contribution to this field, this work aims to explore the impact of some selected aggregation strategies on the ensemble's stability and accuracy. Using twelve classification real datasets from various domains, the stability and accuracy of five different aggregation techniques were examined under four standard filter feature selection methods. The experimental analysis revealed significant differences in both the stability and accuracy behavior of the ensemble under different aggregations, especially between score-based and rank-based aggregation strategies. Moreover, it was observed that the simpler score-based strategies based on the Arithmetic Mean or L2-norm aggregation appear to be efficient and compelling in most cases. Given the data structure or associated application domain, this work's findings can guide the construction of feature selection ensembles using the most efficient and suitable aggregation rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the indiscriminate disposal of personal protective equipment (PPEs) and resulting environmental contamination during the 3rd wave of COVID-19-driven global pandemic in the Chittagong metropolitan area, Bangladesh. Because of the very high rate of infection by the delta variant of this virus, the use of PPEs by the public is increased significantly to protect the ingestion/inhalation of respiratory droplets in the air. However, it is a matter of solicitude that general people throw away the PPEs to the dwelling environment unconsciously. With the increase of inappropriate disposal of PPEs (i.e., mostly the disposable face masks made from plastic microfibers), the possibility of transmission of the virus to the general public cannot be neglected completely. This is because this virus can survive for several days on the inanimate matter like plastics and fibers. At the same time, the result of environmental contamination by microplastic/microfiber has been widespread which eventually creates the worst impact on ecosystems and organisms. The present results may help to increase public perception of the use and subsequent disposal of PPEs, especially the face masks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluated the efficacy of indigenous isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the third larval instar of tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta Meirick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Four virulent isolates were subject to morphological and molecular identification and they were identified as; Beauveria bassiana isolate Hammad-R7 (Sudan) accession (MN598666); Beauveria bassiana isolate-Sud-afro-18ITS accession (MK046654); Beauveria bassiana isolate Sud-afro-2oITS accession (MK046652) and Purpureocillium lilacinum isolate Khartoum accession (MK046655). Efficacy test was done by larval dipping in the fungal suspension along with the commercial product Eco-Bb®. Mycosis test was performed to confirm the growth of fungus from the cadaver. Treated larvae died within three days after the appearance of the symptoms. The four indigenous isolates showed medium mortality responses (LT50 ranged between 4.1–4.3 days) close to or slightly even better than that induced by the commercial product ECO-Bb (LT50 4.2 days) however three of them induced superior responses (LT90 ranged between 9.5–11.7 days) to the commercial product ECO-Bb (LT90 14.4 days) at higher doses measured at the LT90. Endophytic capability of the isolates was tested by seed dipping and soil drenching methods and the fungal mycelia was detected microscopically in the leaves and stems without apparent negative effects on plant growth. The current results indicate the promising potential of these isolates in the regulation of T. absoluta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to investigate the residual characteristics, safety assessment, and pre-harvest interval (PHI) of spiromesifen and chromafenozide in lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) and perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) leaves. Samples were harvested periodically, extracted using QuEChERS method, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Average recoveries of spiromesifen and its metabolite BSN2060-enol and chromafenozide were ranged from 80.6 to 107.9%, with relative standard deviation < 10%. Spiromesifen and cromafenozide initial residues in lettuce were dissipated to 81.45 and 95.52% after 7 days, with half-lives of 2.89 and 1.69 days respectively. Values in perilla leaves were 76.68 and 61.27% after the same period, with half-lives of 4.25 and 6.30 days, respectively. Risk assessment results showed that %ADI (acceptable daily intake) of spiromesifen and chromafenozide was 6.83 and 0.56, in lettuce and 4.60 and 0.25% in perilla leaves, respectively. Theoretical maximum daily intakes of spiromesifen and chromafenozide were 67.49 and 3.43%, respectively, indicating that residues of both compounds pose no considerable health risks to consumers. This study provides data for setting maximum residue limits and PHIs for the safe use of spiromesifen and chromafenozide in lettuce and perilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrational use of pesticides and poor storage management may result in contamination of the surrounding environment including soil, water sources, and crops. Such contamination may pose hazards to human health and the environment. The objective of the current study is to investigate soil (around main pesticide stores) and seasonal stream sediments (Khor Abuhabel sediments) contamination with insecticide residues from nearby pesticide stores and local farms in South Kordofan State, Sudan. The study targeted residues of organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroid insecticides. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 10 cm. Three soil samples were randomly taken representing each of the locations assessed. Samples were analyzed for pesticide residues using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results revealed the presence of higher levels of organophosphate residues than organochlorines and pyrethroids. Heptachlor, malathion, and dimethoate were present in all samples tested, while no detectable levels of p.p-DDT and β endosulfan were found. Endosulfan α and deltamethrin were detected in some samples. The highest concentration detected in the soil corresponds to average dimethoate (up to 13.1 ppm), while the lowest level detected belongs to endosulfan sulfate (0.517 ppm). The total concentrations of all detected pesticides in the soils from the vicinity of pesticide stores are higher (23.4 ppm) than the corresponding level in Khor Abuhabel sediment (11.6 ppm). Possible sources of contamination may include drift from recent applications, dust, rains, and runoff water during autumn, the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Diabetes distress (DD) has broad-ranging effects on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management and outcomes. DD research is scarce among ethnic minority groups, particularly Arabic-speaking immigrant communities. To improve outcomes for these vulnerable groups, healthcare providers, including pharmacists, need to understand modifiable predictors of DD. Aim To assess and compare DD and its association with medication-taking behaviours, glycaemic control, self-management, and psychosocial factors among first-generation Arabic-speaking immigrants and English-speaking patients of Anglo-Celtic background with diabetes, and determine DD predictors. Setting Various healthcare settings in Australia. Method A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted. Adults with T2DM completed a survey comprised of validated tools. Glycated haemoglobin, blood pressure, and lipid profile were gathered from medical records. Multiple linear regression models were computed to assess the DD predictors. Main outcome measure Diabetes distress level. Results Data was analysed for 696 participants: 56.3% Arabic-speaking immigrants and 43.7% English-speaking patients. Compared with English-speaking patients, Arabic-speaking immigrants had higher DD, lower medication adherence, worse self-management and glycaemic control, and poorer health and clinical profile. The regression analysis demonstrated that higher DD in Arabic-speaking immigrants was associated with cost-related medication underuse and lower adherence to exercise, younger age, lower education level, unemployment, lower self-efficacy, and inadequate glycaemic control. Whereas among English-speaking patients, higher DD was associated with both cost- and non-cost-related underuse of medication and lower dietary adherence. Conclusion Results provided new insights to guide healthcare providers on reducing the apparent excess burden of DD among Arabic-speaking immigrants and potentially improve medication adherence, glycaemic control, and self-management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety remains a significant challenge despite the growth and development in agricultural research and the advent of modern biotechnological and agricultural tools. Though the agriculturist struggles to aid the growing population's needs, many pathogen-based plant diseases by their direct impact on cell division and tissue development have led to the loss of tons of food crops every year. Though there are many conventional and traditional methods to overcome this issue, the amount and time spend are huge. Scientists have developed systems biology tools to study the root cause of the problem and rectify it. Host–pathogen protein interactions (HPIs) have a promising role in identifying the pathogens' strategy to conquer the host organism. In this paper, the interactions between the host Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (an invasive wood-boring pest that destroys palm) and the pathogens Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are comprehensively studied using protein–protein interactions, molecular docking, and followed by 200 ns molecular dynamic simulations. This study elucidates the structural and functional basis of these proteins leading towards better plant health, production, and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, thyroid cancer accounts for some 10% of total cancer incidence, most markedly for females. Thyroid cancer radiotherapy, typically using 131I (T1/2 8.02 days; β− max energy 606 keV, branching ratio 89.9%), is widely adopted as an adjunct to surgery or to treat inoperable cancer and hyperthyroidism. With staff potentially receiving significant doses during source preparation and administration, radiation protection and safety assessment are required in ensuring practice complies with international guidelines. The present study, concerning a total of 206 patient radioiodine therapies carried out at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center over a 6-month period, seeks to evaluate patient and occupational exposures during hospitalization, measuring ambient doses and estimating radiation risk. Using calibrated survey meters, patient exposure dose-rate estimates were obtained at a distance of 30-, 100- and 300 cm from the neck region of each patient. Occupational and ambient doses were measured using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters. The mean and range of administered activity (AA, in MBq) for the thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism treatment groups were 4244 ± 2021 (1669–8066), 1507.9 ± 324.1 (977.9–1836.9), respectively. The mean annual occupational doses were 1.2 mSv, that for ambient doses outside of the isolation room corridors were found to be 0.2 mSv, while ambient doses at the nursing station were below the lower limit of detection. Exposures to staff from patients being treated for thyroid cancer were less compared to hyperthyroidism patients. With a well-defined protocol, also complying with international safety requirements, occupational exposures were found to be relatively high, greater than most reported in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced image sensors installed on now-ubiquitous smartphones can be used to detect ionising radiation in addition to visible light. Radiation incidents on a smartphone camera's Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor creates a signal which can be isolated from a visible light signal to turn the smartphone into a radiation detector. This work aims to report a detailed investigation of a well-reviewed smartphone application for radiation dosimetry that is available for popular smartphone devices under a calibration protocol that is typically used for the commercial calibration of radiation detectors. The iPhone 6s smartphone, which has a CMOS camera sensor, was used in this study. Black tape was utilized to block visible light. The Radioactivity counter app developed by Rolf-Dieter Klein and available on Apple's App Store was installed on the device and tested using a calibrated radioactive source, calibration concrete pads with a range of known concentrations of radioactive elements, and in direct sunlight. The smartphone CMOS sensor is sensitive to radiation doses as low as 10 µGy/h, with a linear dose response and an angular dependence. The RadioactivityCounter app is limited in that it requires 4–10 min to offer a stable measurement. The precision of the measurement is also affected by heat and a smartphone's battery level. Although the smartphone is not as accurate as a conventional detector, it is useful enough to detect radiation before the radiation reaches hazardous levels. It can also be used for personal dose assessments and as an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated management of BT cotton pests was carried in field experiments during the seasons; 2016/2017 (Season I) and 2017/2018 (Season II) in the experimental research farm of Kassala University, Sudan. Four insecticides (imidacloprid, abamectin, profenofos and lufenuron) and three levels of soil applied nitrogen; 43.81 kgha−1, 87.62 kgha−1 and 131.43 kgha−1 were tested at recommended doses. Seven weekly counts of abundant pests (whitefly, jassid, aphid, and mealybug) were done starting 4 weeks before spraying. Post spray counts were done after 3, 10 and 17 days from spraying. Seed cotton yield of various treatments was recorded and economic analysis of the package was calculated. Results indicated that increasing the nitrogen dose result in significant increase in population of sap sucking pests during the pre-spray counts while insecticide treatments significantly reduced the infestation level in the post spray counts. Aphid was found in season I while mealybug was found in season II only in contrast to whitefly and jassid which were found in both seasons. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide causing reduction in the level of infestation by the various sap sucking pests in the range of 11.20% -71.66%, followed by lufenuron (with reduction in infestations level ranging between 8.12% to 69.11%) and profenofos (with infestation reduction ranging between 9.88% to 66.74%). On the other hand abamectin was the least effective treatment causing the least infestation reduction in the population of sap sucking pests (ranging between 8.38% to 66.45%). No significant interactions were found between nitrogen and insecticide treatments. Highest seed cotton yield and revenue was associated with imidacloprid combined with various nitrogen levels (causing 46%–63% increase), followed abamectin nitrogen treatments (7%–22%), profenofos and lufenuron nitrogen combinations. Generally, seed cotton yield increases by the increase of nitrogen dose, while the revenue (net benefit) depends on the price of the insecticide used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to investigate the effect of different shim techniques, voxel sizes, and repetition time (TR) on using theT2 and T2* sequences to determine their optimum settings to investigate the quantification of iron in transfused dependent sickle cell patients. The effect of each of these parameters was investigated on phantoms of different Gadolinium (Gd) concentrations, on 10 volunteers and 25 patients using a1 5T MRI Philips scanner. No significant difference between the three shim techniques was noticed in either T2 or T2* sequence measurements. Pixel sizes of 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 mm provided optimum results for T2 measurements. At 1 × 1 mm pixel size the T2* measurements experienced less error in measurements than the size of 2.5 × 2.5 mm used in the literature. Even though the slice thickness variation did not provide any changes in T2 measurements, the 12 mm provided optimum T2* measurements. TR variation did not yield significant changes on either T2 or T2* measurements. These results indicate that both T2 and T2* sequences can be further improved by providing more reliable measurements and reducing acquisition time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptocurrency has become the leading method for peer-to-peer electronic cash system. It uses cryptography to secure financial transactions. Recently, several researchers have attempted to understand the behaviors of cryptocurrency exchange rates. In this paper, we introduce a new location–scale family of distributions to understand the distributional properties of the log-return exchange rates of cryptocurrencies. We use quantile kurtosis measures to show that the proposed family of distributions provides a desirable level of flexibility in terms of skewness and tail heaviness. Several recent data on US dollar-based cryptocurrency exchange rates have been analyzed, and the results are compared against those of the generalized hypergeometric distribution. It is shown that the proposed family of distributions possesses desired features including model simplicity, shape flexibility and quality of distribution fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a tailored structure, morphology, optical behavior, and growth evolution of catalyst-free ZnO nanostructures (ZONSs) synthesized on quartz substrates using the wet thermal evaporation method. The as-prepared samples were thoroughly characterized to determine the influence of varying rates of Ar and wet O2 gas flow (150, 250, and 350 sccm) on their overall properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the formation of high-quality ZONSs of various shapes, including nanowires, aligned nanorods, and nanorods-like tetrapods with different dimensions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns displayed the most intense diffraction peak at (002), which was attributed to the preferred growth orientation and crystallinity of such nanomaterials. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed an enhancement in the peak intensity. The position of the ultraviolet emission peak of ZONSs was red-shifted as the gas flow rate increased. Raman spectra exhibited the high-intensity E2 and very weak (suppressed) E1L Raman mode for all samples, indicating the accomplishment of good crystal quality in wurtzite hexagonal crystalline ZONSs of the samples. Furthermore, the optimum flow rate for synthesizing high-density, superior quality, and higher nanocrystalline ZONSs was found to be 350 sccm. This work can contribute toward the development of the production of various nano-optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of clay minerals composition can be used to understand paleoenvironmental and/or paleoclimatic conditions, particularly for soils derived from volcanic parent materials that were subjected to diverse climatic conditions during pedogenesis. In this study, the clay minerals composition in soils developed from basaltic parent materials during the Cenozoic (mostly during the Early Miocene to Early Pleistocene) in the harrats region of the Arabian Shield in Saudi Arabia were investigated. Forty-seven clay samples were examined using selective dissolution analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain a better understanding of the clay minerals developed in basaltic parent materials, particularly under a dry-hot environment. The XRD results revealed that the clay mineralogy was dominated by smectite, kaolin (kaolinite/halloysite), and interstratified vermiculite–chlorite (Vm–Ch), with mica, pseudo-chlorite, palygorskite, and Ca–zeolites as minor components. The TEM provided strong evidence for the presence of allophane and imogolite, which is in line with numerous previous studies on soils formed from basaltic parent materials. The existence of poorly-crystalline minerals in these soils was strongly supported by the selective dissolution analysis results. The combined influence of paleoclimates and parent material is evidenced in the clay minerals in the studied soils. The formation of smectite, Vm–Ch, and chlorite minerals in the harrats soils could be attributed to the simultaneous effect of temperate paleoclimates that dominated the Pliocene and the wet transition periods that occurred through the Pleistocene into the mid-Holocene, while the minor palygorskite and Ca–zeolites could be related to the dry conditions that started in the late-Holocene and persist to the present day. Additional studies regarding the clay mineral assemblages in similar geoenvironmental settings are highly recommend and should account for paleoclimatic conditions to provide a better understanding of the relationship between clay minerals and paleoclimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of solvent type (methanol, acetone, ethanol, n-propanol, and water), solvent-to-solid ratio (20–100 mL/g), solvent acidity (0–1.25% HCl), extraction time (60–300 min) and extraction temperature (30–70 °C) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the free radical-scavenging capacity (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS radical scavenging assay) of koreeb (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) seeds using single-factor experiments. On the basis of TPC and antioxidant activity assays, the best extraction conditions were 80 mL methanol/g, 1.00% HCl, 180 min and 60 °C, as well as the results of TPC, TFC and DPPH were 32.38 mg GAE/g, 20.88 mg QE/g and 82.22%, respectively. The TPC was positively observed to be correlated with TFC, DPPH and ATBS (r = 0.89, 70 and 0.66, respectively) of koreeb seeds flour (KSF) extracts, under influence of solvent type extraction, whereas TPC and TFC were significantly correlated with DPPH (0.97 ≥ r ≥ 0.94) and ABTS (0.95 ≥ r ≥ 0.94) under the effect of extraction temperature. In general, KSF can be applied in functional foods and medicine related products for its health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis swingle and it is known as Foshou fruit has gained significant importance by researchers because of its large number of functional benefits. In this research we particularly focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and nutritional properties of the peel and pulp of the Foshou. The Foshou peel showed significantly higher antioxidant properties and nutritional contents than the pulp, excluding water, carbohydrate, and energy content. The water extract of Foshou peel and pulp contained 227.45 and 88.76 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight (FW) of total phenolic compounds, with IC50 DPPH·-scavenging activity 22.79 and 54.74 μg GAE/mL, respectively. The antioxidant capacity for Foshou peel and pulp was 214.81 and 71.53 mg Trolox equivalents per 100 g FW respectively. Our results indicated increased levels of pyridoxine, thiamin, riboflavin, copper, and iron in Foshou peel whereas thiamin and pyridoxine were the highest in the pulp. In this research, we found that 100 g of Foshou contribute significantly to the recommended daily intake (RDI) of nutrients. These results draw attention towards the potential use of Foshou as a source of health-enhancing compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been corroborated that thermoelastic damping (TED) is one of incontrovertible sources of energy dissipation and limiting the quality factor (Q-factor) in micro/nanostructures. On the other hand, it has been clarified that the fitting description of heat transfer process in structures with such small dimensions should be carried out through non-Fourier models of heat conduction. This article strives for providing a size-dependent analytical framework for estimating the value of TED in circular cross-sectional micro/nanorings with the help of Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) generalized thermoelasticity theory. To reach this objective, after deriving the equation of heat conduction according to MGT model, the fluctuation temperature in the ring is obtained. Then, by applying the existing definition of TED in the purview of entropy generation (EG) method, an analytical relationship in the form of infinite series is rendered to evaluate the amount of TED. In the results section, first, the precision of the developed formulation is examined by way of a validation study. Graphical data are then presented to illuminate how many terms of the extracted infinite series yield convergent results. The final stage is to conduct an all-embracing parametric analysis to make clear the role of various crucial factors in the alterations of TED. According to the obtained results, the impact of MGT model on TED sorely relies on the vibrational mode number of the ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different fermentation time (0–72 h) on rheological and thermal properties of the dough and physicochemical characteristics of kisra bread prepared from the koreeb seed flour were evaluated. The pH of the fermented kisra dough decreased, whereas titratable acidity increased. In addition, fermentation time exhibited a significant decrease in rheological moduli (G′ and G″) and an increase in rheological tangent (δ). Gelatinization temperature and degree of starch gelatinization increased, while enthalpy decreased. An increase of protein content and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) was observed in kisra breads. Fermented kisra breads exhibited the highest acceptability scores in sensory evaluation, especially the sample fermented for 36 h compared to the control. The X-ray diffractograms of stored kisra breads showed the B-type structure with the presence of peaks at 13.5°, 17.5°, and 26.5° 2θ. In addition, all samples exhibited a peak centered at 20° 2θ, which reflects V-type crystal structure of amylose–lipid complex. Overall, the fermentation process enhanced the nutritional, sensorial and health attributes of kisra breads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enrichment of gluten-free bread (GFB) with mushroom polysaccharide and prebiotic is necessary to enhance its organoleptic and health attributes. This work investigated the enrichment effect of the GFB with Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide (ABP) flour and inulin. Volatile compounds, as well as the antioxidant and structural properties of the fortified GFB were evaluated. Sweet potato-glutinous rice flour was fortified with ABP flour and the same with inulin at different levels (3, 6 and 9%), besides a constant percentage of xanthan gum (0.5%) was added to all the blends. Addition of ABP flour resulted in higher levels of volatile compounds compared to inulin addition and the control. ABP flour formulation (F3) had the highest total phenolic content (19.05 mg GAE/g), reducing power (5.31 mg/mL, EC50 value), DPPH (6.85 mg/mL, EC50 value), ABTS (8.86 mg/mL, EC50 value) radical-scavenging activities, and β-carotene bleaching (13.22 mg/mL, EC50 value). Conversely, the control and inulin formulation (F1) showed the lowest levels of these activities. The micrographs of the ABP flour formulations showed polyhedral, aggregated, and some spherical granules, whereas inulin formulations revealed spherical granules bound together with deformed granules. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the amide I band and both α- and β-glycosidic linkages. The current findings exhibited that ABP flour and inulin had good attributes to improve the antioxidant activity of GFB and modify its structural characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Gilson-Pickering equation which enables a wave propagation in plasma physics and crystal lattice theory is studied. Based on the auxiliary transformation, the sets of the nonlinear form of ODE along with some analytic solutions are deriven. Multi wave solutions containing one-, two- and three-waves are obtained. The characterizations of new waves, crystal lattice theory and plasma physics using by modified extended tanh-function method are investigated. Through an approach, some solitary solutions are reached. Meanwhile, influence of the coefficients in that equation for the periodic and soliton is illustrated. The effect of the free variables on the behavior of reached plots to a few solutions including exact cases is also explored depending upon the nature of nonlinearities. The dynamic properties of the obtained results are shown and analyzed by some density, two and three-dimensional images. The computational difficulties and outcomes highlight the clarity, effectiveness, and simplicity of the approaches, suggesting that these schemes can be applied to a variety of dynamic and static nonlinear equations governing evolutionary phenomena in computational physics as well as to other real-world situations and a wide range of academic fields. We believe that our results would pave a way for future research generating optical memories based on the nonlinear solitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation has been made of the radiogenic risks to patients and personnel during 99mTc diagnostic nuclear medicine examinations. A highly sensitive form of thermoluminescent dosimeter, type TLD-GR200A (LiF: Mg, Cu, P), was used to quantify occupational exposure. Ambient exposure rates and patient doses were also assessed using a survey meter and knowledge of the administered activity respectively. For bone, renal and thyroid scans, the mean 99mTc administered activities were 925.0 MBq, 148.0 MBq and 166.5 MBq respectively. The staff annual dose was estimated to be 11.2 mSv and eye lens dose equivalent was 2.2 mSv. The dose values are greater in comparison with other studies but with the current workload and practices they remain within the annual occupational dose limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fortification of gluten-free bread (GFB) with natural ingredients rich in protein and dietary fiber contents can be very beneficial for celiac disease (CD) patients. The objective of this study was to prepare sweet potato/glutinous rice GFB fortified with Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide (ABP) flour and inulin as natural and novel substitutes for CD patients, as well as to evaluate their effect on rheological and thermal properties of the dough, and physicochemical and staling characteristics of the GFB. Incorporation of ABP flour in the dough exhibited a significant decrease in both rheological moduli and an increase in rheological tangent, whereas addition of inulin revealed a reversible effect. Gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of supplemented dough increased, while degree of starch gelatinization decreased. Lower values of weight loss, specific volume and lightness were obtained by high levels of addition. Hardness and chewiness of GFB increased during storage, whereas springiness and cohesiveness decreased, but inulin and ABP flour (F1) showed the highest scores in sensory evaluation. ABP flour (F3) revealed the highest protein (11.96 g/100 g), total dietary fibers (5.78 g/100 g), and total free sugars (3.88 g/100 g). The X-ray diffractograms of stored GFB crust showed the A-type structure with the presence of peaks at 15°, 17.5°, and 23° 2θ, whereas GFB crumb exhibited the B-type structure. Moreover, the relative crystallinity of aged GFB crust and crumb of ABP flour was lower than control. Overall, enrichment of GFB with ABP flour and inulin enhanced its nutritional, sensorial and health attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among a collection of 52 sesame accessions representing different geographical environments, including eight Saudi landraces. A combination of seventeen primers generated a high number of alleles (365) with 100% polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and primer discrimination power (DP) recorded overall means of 0.88 and 5.88, respectively. Genetic similarity values based on Jaccard coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.49, with an average similarity value of 0.30, indicating both high genetic distance and a wide genetic basis of the investigated accessions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped 48 of 52 accessions into seven main clusters, and five accessions failed to form clusters and were separated individually. However, subclusters separated the accessions and, considering the relatedness of accessions and their geographical origin, formed distinct diversity among groups. Saudi landraces showed the widest genetic basis compared with other introduced accessions that were distributed throughout the dendrogram, indicating that agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis. SRAP analysis revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism in sesame accessions investigated and showed weak association between geographical origin and SRAP patterns. This wide genetic variability should be considered for sesame breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]