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This document is a letter published in the Annals of Hematology that discusses factors associated with inpatient mortality during daunorubicin and cytarabine induction in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The authors conducted a study using the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), which is a large database of hospital records in the USA. They found that several patient characteristics and comorbidities were associated with higher or lower chances of inpatient mortality. Factors such as weekend admissions, cirrhosis, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and age over 60 were associated with higher mortality, while being Hispanic, having a larger bed size, and having diabetes or hypertension were associated with lower mortality. The study also found that complications such as septicemia, acute kidney injury, and cardiogenic shock were common during induction therapy and increased mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Between 2016 and 2020, the number of patients and the overall percentage compared to all hospitalizations have increased from 0.6% in 2016 to 1.0% in 2020 ( I p i SB trend sb < 0.01). In their article entitled "Coding for Physical Restraint Status Among Hospitalized Patients: a 2019 National Inpatient Sample Analysis", Luccarelli et al. found various differences in patient characteristics and outcomes.[1] As they further mentioned "reduction of the use of physical restraints has been a target for quality improvement interventions, and has led to interdisciplinary quality improvement efforts"[1], we used data from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample[2] to evaluate for trends in physical restraint status in the USA among patients of ages 18 and above. Coding for Physical Restraint Status Among Hospitalized Patients: a 2019 National Inpatient Sample Analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Bacterial meningitis remains a feared diagnosis that may lead to significant mortality and morbidity in both the developed and developing world; case fatality rates range from 10% to 50% among all age groups. Several vaccines are available (including the Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide conjugate vaccine) that have proven effective in reducing the incidence of bacterial meningitis. Although a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has been available for some time, use of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has demonstrated a dramatic reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease; despite the increase in the disease caused by nonvaccine-serotype strains, the success of the 7-valent PCV is noteworthy. A quadrivalent conjugate meningococcal vaccine has been available in the United States since 2005; although its true efficacy remains to be determined, there have been dramatic results with declining incidence in certain high-risk populations and in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]