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In order to solve the problem of untimely monitoring of tool wear status during laser-ultrasonic compound cutting (LUCC), which leads to the reduction of process accuracy and product quality damage, a method of tool wear status monitoring based on acoustic emission (AE) and deep learning is proposed in this paper. The AE signal is collected and analyzed in the frequency and time-frequency domains by using Fourier transform (FT) and wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), it is found that the AE signal energy is mainly concentrated in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th frequency bands, and the energy of each frequency band in the signal increases gradually when the tool wear degree increases, however, the percentage of energy of each frequency band in the total energy shows different change trend. According to the amount of flank wear of the tool, the tool wear degree is divided into four tool wear states. The SVM model and BP neural network model were established based on MATLAB software to realize the tool wear state monitoring. The results show that the tool wear monitoring based on BP neural network is better than that of SVM for tool wear status monitoring. The model identification correct rate reaches 99 %, which is more suitable for the tool wear state monitoring designed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, unit disk graphs (UDGs) are used as abstractions of wireless networks. In the paper, we study the problem of finding an extended minimum connected dominating set (E-MCDS) in a wireless network with cooperative communication (CC), which was proposed in Wu et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 17(8):851–864, 2006) and is NP-hard. We propose a two-phase centralized algorithm to construct an extended connected dominating set (ECDS) for a given UDG with CC. First, we construct a 2-hop extended dominating set (EDS) in the UDG. Then, we add some new nodes into the 2-hop EDS to make it connected. To obtain the performance ratio of this two-phase centralized algorithm, we first give an upper bound on the size of the 2-hop EDS. Using this upper bound, we prove that the size of the ECDS found by the centralized algorithm is no greater than 27.192 opt - 3 or 160 ECDS opt - 3 , where opt and ECDS opt are the sizes of the minimum connected dominating set and the E-MCDS, respectively, in the UDG. Finally, a 160-approximate distributed algorithm based on the two-phase centralized algorithm is proposed, and its message and time complexities are analyzed, both of which are O (n 3) . Simulation results show that our work outperforms competing methods on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic alga Neopyropia, which holds significant value in China for its edibility and economic potential, harbors diverse epiphytic bacteria on its surface. The epiphytic bacteria on Neopyropia yezoensis and Neopyropia katadae, two nori species of Neopyropia living at the same tidal level but with distinct physiological states and living habits, were investigated to understand the differences between them and the effects of epiphytic bacteria on their differential characteristics. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of thalli and seawater samples (n=24) revealed notable differences in microbial diversity and community structure between the two species. Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial communities in association with N. yezoensis, whereas Proteobacteria were predominant in N. katadae. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) analysis revealed enriched genes that related to the ABC transport system, iron complex outer membrane receptor proteins, and proliferation in N. yezoensis, whereas N. katadae exhibited enrichment of genes that related to energy supply as well as cell wall and cell membrane production. The results of qPCR indicate a higher abundance of epiphytic bacteria on surface of N. yezoensis than those on surface of N. katadae. The findings indicate that differences in the living environments of N. yezoensis and N. katadae may result in distinct structural composition and abundance of epiphytic bacteria on their surfaces, thereby conferring specific biological functionalities to each microbial community, and the epiphytic bacteria may shape the living habits of hosts to some extents. This study provided a basis for understanding the close association between surface microorganisms and algal bodies, and the physiological and ecological characteristics of nori species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Pyropia contains several important cultivated species. Genetic research in nori species has mainly focused on the cell nucleus, with few studies on organelles (chloroplast and mitochondria). Due to the high copy numbers of organelles in cells, which influence the development and traits of algae, it is necessary to study their genetic mechanism. In this study, the marine red alga Pyropia yezoensis, an important economic macroalga, was selected as the study object. To investigate organelle (chloroplast and mitochondria) inheritance in P. yezoensis, the wild type RZ (maternal strain) was crossed with the red mutant HT (paternal strain) and 30 color-sectors from 11 F1 gametophytic blades were examined. The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the red mutant (HT) were assembled for the first time. One reliable and stable single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci filtrated by bioinformatics analysis was used as a molecular marker for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA, respectively, in subsequent experiments. PCR amplification and sequence analysis showed that the haplotypes of color-sectors detected were consistent with those of the maternal parent, confirming that both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were inherited maternally in P. yezoensis. The inheritance pattern of organelles in P. yezoensis can be used to guide the hybridization and breeding of nori. Additionally, the organelle SNP markers developed in this study can be applied in subsequent genetic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms plays an important role in the growth of Pyropia haitanensis. To understand the structural and functional diversity of the microorganism community of P. haitanensis (PH40), the associated metabolic pathway network in cluster of orthologous groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were explored in metagenomic analysis. DNA extraction from gametophytes of P. haitanensis was performed first, followed by library construction, sequencing, preprocessing of sequencing data, taxonomy assignment, gene prediction, and functional annotation. The results show that the predominant microorganisms of P. haitanensis were bacteria (98.98%), and the phylum with the highest abundance was Proteobacteria (54.64%), followed by Bacteroidetes (37.92%). Erythrobacter (3.98%) and Hyunsoonleella jejuensis (1.56%) were the genera and species with the highest abundance of bacteria, respectively. The COG annotation demonstrated that genes associated with microbial metabolism was the predominant category. The results of metabolic pathway annotation show that the ABC transport system and two-component system were the main pathways in the microbial community. Plant growth hormone biosynthesis pathway and multi-vitamin biosynthesis functional units (modules) were the other important pathways. The CAZyme annotation revealed that the starch might be an important carbon source for microorganisms. Glycosyl transferase family 2 (GT2) and glycosyl transferase family 3 (GT3) were the highly abundant families in glucoside transferase superfamily. Six metagenome-assembled genomes containing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and indole-3-acetic acid were obtained by binning method. They were confirmed to belong to Rhodobacterales and Rhizobiales, respectively. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the microorganism community of Pyropia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybrids often produce extensive gametic variation due to poor chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation. To elucidate the influence of interspecific hybridisation on pollen variation in Populus L., we compared pollen size among three P. deltoides Marsh. clones, two P. nigra L. clones, and three P. deltoides × P. nigra hybrids and investigated the cytological mechanism of pollen variation by observing meiotic chromosome behaviour and microtubules. The frequency of shrunken and unstainable pollen grains was higher in the hybrids (15.54-57.28 %) than in the non-hybrid clones (0.98-4.82 %). The distribution of stained pollen size ranged more broadly in the hybrids than in the non-hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation increases pollen size variation. Precocious chromosome migration and lagging chromosomes were common in the hybrids, indicating poor chromosome pairing. Some micronuclei formed minispindles in metaphase II and emanated secondary nuclear-based radial microtubule systems in telophase II, undergoing cytokinesis to develop into microcytes in the meiotic products. Eliminated micronuclei might result in the formation of aneuploid pollen. The frequency of sporads with microcytes was higher in the hybrids (3.19-11.08 %) than in the non-hybrids (0-0.94 %). Disoriented spindles, including fused and tripolar spindles, led to the formation of dyads and triads, contributing to unreduced pollen production. These results provide new insights into the gametic variation of Populus interspecific hybrids and reveal several 2n pollen producers, which will be valuable in polyploid breeding of the section Aigeiros Duby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inland lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are undergoing significant changes due to their sensitivity to climate. The largest lake in Tibet, Siling Co, has expanded most dramatically during recent decades. Using Landsat, GRACE and meteorological data, the expansion of Siling Co was detailed in four stages and the process was further explained. The results show that the lake area increased from 1 647.30 km2 in 1972 to 2 438.99 km2 in 2020. It experienced a slow growth at a rate 6.03 km2/yr from 1972 to 1988, while fluctuating at 1.44 km2/yr during 1989–1997, then accelerated at 60.28 km2/yr between 1998 and 2005, and expanded slowly again at 11.40 km2/yr since 2006. The continued expansion led to its merger with nearby Yagain Co in 2003. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) increase was also observed from GRACE (0.65 cm/yr), with about 0.75 coefficient of determination between the TWS and lake area during 2002–2020. The long-term expansion of Siling Co is related to the increasing trends of temperature and precipitation, but their contributions vary with time span. Specifically, the accelerated stage between 1998 and 2005 can be explained by the increased temperature and precipitation accompanied by a drop in evaporation, while the slow expansion since 2006 was due to the decrease in precipitation and temperature and the rise in evaporation. There is no obvious mass loss of glaciers revealed by GRACE during 2002–2020, which may be related to the negative trend of the temperature. Furthermore, the precipitation may still make a major contribution in this phase, as its average is about 93.9 mm higher than that in 1988–1997. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Perry syndrome is rare, characteristic clinical features are usually present, and it should be considered when parkinsonism is accompanied by significant weight loss, ventilatory dysfunction, or an autosomal dominant family history of parkinsonism. These phenotypes do not seem to co-exist with Perry syndrome, though individuals with Perry syndrome, dHMN7B, and an overlapping phenotype have been reported in a family from China [[6]]. Dear Sirs, Mutations in the I DCTN1 i gene cause the Perry syndrome: an autosomal dominant form of heredodegenerative parkinsonism, accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, profound weight loss, and later, ventilatory dysfunction [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]

Chromosome rearrangements play an important role in the speciation of plants and animals, and the recognition of chromosome rearrangement patterns is helpful to elucidate the mechanism of species differentiation at the chromosome level. However, the existing chromosome rearrangement recognition methods have some major limitations, such as low quality, barriers to parental selection, and inability to identify specific rearrangement patterns. Based on the whole genome protein sequences, we constructed the combined figure according to the slope of the collinear fragment, the number of homologous genes, the coordinates in the top left and bottom right of the collinear fragment. The standardized combination figure is compared with the four standard pattern figures, and then combined with the information entropy analysis strategy to automatically classify the chromosome images and identify the chromosome rearrangement pattern. This paper proposes an automatic karyotype analysis method EntroCR (intelligent recognition method of chromosome rearrangement based on information entropy), which integrates rearrangement pattern recognition, result recommendation and related chromosome determination, so as to infer the evolution process of ancestral chromosomes to the existing chromosomes. Validation experiments were conducted using whole-genome data of Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, Oryza sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The conclusions were consistent with previous results. EntroCR provides a reference for researchers in species evolution and molecular marker assisted breeding as well as new methods for analyzing karyotype evolution in other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyropia yezoensis is an important macroalga because of its extensive global distribution and economic importance. Color is an important trait in the thalli of P. yezoensis, it is also an effective marker to identify the hybridization in genetic breeding. In this study, a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed based on high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and used for analyzing the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of red color trait in the thalli of P. yezoensis. The conchospore undergoes meiosis to develop into an ordered tetrad, and each cell has a haploid phenotype and can grow into a single individual. Based on this theory, F1 haploid population was used as the mapping population. The map included 531 SNP markers, 394.57 cM long on average distance of 0.74 cM. Collinear analysis of the genetic linkage map and the physical map indicated that the coverage between the two maps was 79.42%. Furthermore, QTL mapping identified six QTLs for the chromosomal regions associated with the red color trait of the thalli. The value of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by an individual QTL ranged from 4.71%–63.11%. And QTL qRed-1-1, with a PVE of 63.11%, was considered the major QTL. Thus, these data may provide a platform for gene and QTL fine mapping, and marker-assisted breeding in P. yezoensis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4), a member of the LOX family proteins, catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residues in collagen and elastin, which are responsible for maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis. In this study, the mRNA expression of LOXL4 in seven esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and 15 ESCC pairs of clinical samples were examined. Furthermore, LOXL4 protein levels in the ESCC cell lines were determined using western blotting. With the use of immunofluorescence, LOXL4 was observed to be localized primarily in the cytoplasm, but was also present in the nucleus. In addition, the results indicated that the upregulated expression of LOXL4 was associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC even following curative resection (P = 0.010). Similar Kaplan–Meier estimator curves for proteins that interact with LOXL4, SUV39H1 (P = 0.014) and COL2A1 (P = 0.011), were plotted. The analyses based on the protein–protein interaction network depicted the expression of LOXL4 and its associated proteins as well as their functions, suggesting that LOXL4 and its associated proteins may serve a significant role in the development and progression of ESCC. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that LOXL4 is a potential biomarker for patients with ESCC, as well as SUV39H1 and COL2A1, and high expression levels of these genes are associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]