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In order to provide an efficient calcium transporter for the development of calcium supplement products, embryo eggs were selected for incubation. Carrying out calcium ions chelation on the embryo egg-derived egg white peptides (EED-EWPs) with high calcium binding activity produced incubation. The changes of EED-EWPs before and after chelation with calcium ions were compared, ζ-potential absolute value increased significantly, indicating that the embryo egg-derived egg white peptides calcium chelates (EED-EWPs-Ca) was successfully formed. Calcium binding activity results displayed that EED-EWPs on the 9th day of incubation had the highest calcium binding ability (6.96 μg/mg), which was 1.17 times that before incubation (5.97 μg/mg). EED-EWPs were isolated by IMAC metal chelating preloaded column, calcium binding amount was improved to 17.88 μg/mg, which was about 3 times that of those before isolation. The EED-EWPs were analyzed by mass spectrometry, six peptides with high calcium binding ability were identified. The mechanism of promoting calcium absorption of EED-EWPs produced during incubation was investigated by molecular docking with TRPV6 (a key protein for calcium transporter in the human small intestine). Results elucidated that amino and carboxyl groups in EED-EWPs were possible sites for calcium ions binding. This study would provide an efficient calcium transporter with high nutritional value for the development of calcium supplement products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant colonization of land has been intimately associated with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae-like fungi. Despite the pivotal role of fungi in plant adaptation, it remains unclear whether and how gene acquisition following fungal interaction might have affected the development of land plants. Here we report a macro2 domain gene in bryophytes that is likely derived from Mucoromycota, a group that includes some mycorrhizae-like fungi found in the earliest land plants. Experimental and transcriptomic evidence suggests that this macro2 domain gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens, PpMACRO2, is important in epigenetic modification, stem cell function, cell reprogramming and other processes. Gene knockout and over-expression of PpMACRO2 significantly change the number and size of gametophores. These findings provide insights into the role of fungal association and the ancestral gene repertoire in the early evolution of land plants. Plant evolution is intimately associated with fungal partners. Here the authors provide evidence that Physcomitrella patens MACRO2, a gene likely derived from early mycorrhizae-like fungi, was transferred to early land plants and plays an important role in regulating stem cell growth and gametophore development in moss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]