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Introduction: As a result of the insufficient ocular anatomical parameters used to customize implantable collamer lens (ICL), many patients still cannot achieve a suitable vault after ICL implantation surgery. This study analyzed the characteristics of a new anatomical parameter crystalline lens rise (CLR) in a population with high myopia and explored the influence of CLR on the vault after ICL implantation. Methods: Patients (298 eyes) with high myopia who underwent ICL implantation were enrolled to study CLR characteristics. Postoperatively, patients (159 eyes) were divided into five groups according to the value of CLR (A, CLR ≤ − 150; B, − 150 < CLR ≤ 0; C, 0 < CLR < 150; D, 150 ≤ CLR < 300; E, CLR ≥ 300 μm), and to investigate the correlation between CLR and vault. Results: In the 298 eyes, the CLR had a normal distribution (P = 0.35) and the mean CLR was 67.93 ± 150.66 μm. Ninety-nine eyes (33.22%) had a CLR ≤ 0 μm, of which 20 eyes (6.71%) had a CLR ≤ − 150 μm; 199 eyes (66.78%) had a CLR > 0 μm, of which 20 eyes (6.71%) had a CLR ≥ 300 μm. In 159 eyes, the CLR was negatively correlated with the vault at 1 day (R = − 0.497, P < 0.001), 3 months (R = − 0.505, P < 0.001), and 6 months (R = − 0.505, P < 0.001) postoperatively. At 6 months, the vault of group A was statistically significantly different compared to groups B–E (all P < 0.05), and that of group E was statistically significantly different compared to groups A–D (all P < 0.001). The remaining groups did not show statistically significant differences (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: The CLR had a normal distribution in the high myopia population, and 13.42% of the CLR values were extreme (CLR ≤ − 150 μm or CLR ≥ 300 μm). A larger ICL diameter than that recommended by the manufacturer should be considered when the CLR is ≥ 300 μm and a smaller ICL diameter should be considered when the CLR is ≤ − 150 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using lower limb rehabilitation robots (LLRRs) to help stroke patients recover their walking ability is attracting more and more attention presently. Previous studies have shown that gait rehabilitation training with natural gait pattern can improve the therapeutic outputs. However, how to generate the personalized gait trajectory has not been well researched. In this paper, a personalized gait generation method based anthropometric features is proposed. Firstly, gait trajectories are fitted and simplified into Fourier coefficient vectors, which are used to represent gait trajectories. Secondly, fourteen body features are used to generate the personalized gait trajectories and the feature set is further optimized based on the minimal redundancy maximal relevance criterion for easy application on the LLRR. Then, the relationship between the optimized feature set and gait trajectories is modeled by using the RF algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by several comparison experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in preventing myopia shift and myopia onset in premyopic children. A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, and crossover trial was conducted over 13 months. Sixty premyopic children aged 6–12 years with cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) > − 0.75 D and ≤ + 0.50 D in both eyes were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one drop of 0.01% atropine or placebo once nightly for 6 months (period 1), followed by a 1-month recovery period. Then, the 0.01% atropine group was crossed over to the placebo group, and the latter was crossed over to the 0.01% atropine group for another 6 months (period 2). The primary outcomes were changes in SER and axial length (AL), and the secondary outcomes were the proportion of myopia onset (SER ≤ − 0.75D) and fast myopic shift (change in SER ≤ − 0.25D) in the two periods. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model performed a statistically significant treatment effect of 0.01% atropine compared with placebo (pSER = 0.02, pAL < 0.001), with a mean SER and AL difference of 0.20D (− 0.15 ± 0.26D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.34D) and 0.11 mm (0.17 ± 0.11 mm vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 mm) in period 1, and 0.17D (− 0.18 ± 0.24D vs. − 0.34 ± 0.31D) and 0.10 mm (0.15 ± 0.15 mm vs. 0.24 ± 0.11 mm) in period 2. The GEE model showed that the proportion of myopia onset (p = 0.004) and fast myopic shift (p = 0.009) was significantly lower in the 0.01% atropine group than that in the placebo group. The period effect was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). A total of 0.01% atropine significantly prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic schoolchildren in central Mainland China. Conclusion: Within the limits of only two consecutive 6-month observation period, 0.01% atropine eye drops effectively prevented myopic shift, axial elongation, and myopia onset in premyopic children. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2000034760). Registered 18 July 2020. What is Known: • Minimal studies on interventions for pre-myopia, despite the International Myopia Institute stating that preventing myopia is an "even more valuable target" for science and practice than reducing progression after onset. What is New: • A total of 0.01% atropine eye drops may safely and effectively reduce the proportion of myopia onset and fast myopic shift in premyopic schoolchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro cell culture models on monolayer surfaces (2D) have been widely adapted for identification of chemopreventive food compounds and food safety evaluation. However, the low correlation between 2D models and in vivo animal models has always been a concern; this gap is mainly caused by the lack of a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular microenvironment. In 2D models, cell behaviors and functionalities are altered, resulting in varied responses to external conditions (i.e., antioxidants) and hence leading to low predictability. Peptide hydrogel 3D scaffolding technologies, such as PGmatrix for cell culture, have been recently reported to grow organoid-like spheroids physiologically mimicking the 3D microenvironment that can be used as an in vitro 3D model for investigating cell activities, which is anticipated to improve the prediction rate. Thus, this review focuses on advances in 3D peptide hydrogels aiming to introduce 3D cell culture tools as in vitro 3D models for cancer-related research regarding food safety and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three hundred and twenty-eight myopic children, randomized to use either 0.01% (N = 166) or 0.02% (N = 162) atropine were enrolled in this study. Gender, age, body mass index(BMI), parental myopia status, atropine concentration used, pupil diameter, amplitude of accommodation, spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) were collected at baseline and 1 year after using atropine. Rapid AL elongation was defined as > 0.36 mm growth per year. Univariate analyses showed that children with rapid AL elongation tend to be younger, have a smaller BMI, use of 0.01% atropine, narrow ACD, lower SER, shorter AL, smaller change in pupil diameter between 1 year and baseline (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed that rapid AL elongation was associated with children that were younger at baseline (P < 0.0001), use of 0.01% atropine (P = 0.04), a shorter baseline AL (P = 0.03) and a smaller change in pupil diameter between 1 year and baseline (P = 0.04). Younger children with shorter AL at baseline, less change in their pupil diameter with atropine treatment and using the lower of the two atropine concentrations may undergo rapid AL elongation over a 12 months myopia control treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, (reverse) mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) method combined with multiple incremental Lyapunov functions is utilized to investigate the stochastic incremental input-to-state stability (SIISS) of stochastic switched systems. The sufficient conditions in terms of the (reverse) MDADT scheme are extracted to ensure SIISS, while it is shown that the SIISS can still be achieved even if all subsystems are not stochastically incrementally input-to-state stable. In particular, an incremental supply rate is introduced to obtain sufficient conditions to ensure SIISS for stochastic feedback interconnected switched systems. Specifically, when the stochastic switched systems are composed of some SIISS and non-SIISS subsystems, the (reverse) MDADT method is employed to establish a relationship between these two kinds of subsystems to ensure SIISS for the stochastic switched systems. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the dissipative control problem for two-dimensional (2-D) switched discrete-time linear system represented by Fornasini–Marchesini local state-space (FMLSS) model via dwell-time-dependent Lyapunov function (DTDLF) approach. Consider the definition of (Q, S, R)- α -dissipativity for 2-D switched discrete FMLSS model in triangular region and based on the DTDLF approach, we first give the linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based sufficient condition on asymptotic stability for the 2-D switched discrete FMLSS model and then propose the LMI-based sufficient condition which can guarantee the given 2-D switched system to be asymptotically stable and strictly (Q, S, R)- α -dissipative. Furthermore, the dwell-time-dependent dissipative state-feedback controller is designed, and the LMI-based sufficient condition for designing such controller is proposed. Besides, dwell-time-dependent passive state-feedback controller and dwell-time-dependent H ∞ state-feedback controller could be derived as the special cases of dissipative control from the established result. Finally, illustrative examples are depicted to verify the efficiency and superiority of the proposed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, problems covering finite-time stability and boundedness of switched systems with finite-time unstable subsystems are researched through the method of multi-Lyapunov function. On basis of the mode-dependent average dwell time method, the systems are required to meet the standards of remaining finite-time stable and finite-time bounded through the practice of designing the switching signal for finite-time stable and unstable subsystems respectively. Finally, stabilization conditions for switched linear systems based on linear matrix inequalities are presented to guarantee the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system. Numerical examples are put forward attempting to verify the efficiency through different methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted to investigate stability and control problems within a finite-time interval for a 2D continuous-discrete system in Roesser model. The concepts of finite-time stability (FTS) and finite-time boundedness (FTB) are naturally extended to the 2D continuous-discrete system. Recursive relations between system states are first obtained, then sufficient conditions for FTS and FTB in the system are derived, and a finite-time controller is supplied to the system. Sufficient conditions for finite-time stabilization are also provided for the linear repetitive process. Examples of metal rolling operation are presented to illustrate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the problem of stability and robust stabilization of two-dimensional (2-D) continuous-discrete systems in Roesser model. Based on Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma, sufficient conditions of stability of the systems are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, combining generalized KYP lemma with frequency-partitioning idea, the conservativeness of the stability conditions may be further reduced. Robust stabilization using state feedback is studied as well and stabilizing feedback gain matrices are constructed based on the solutions of certain LMIs. In addition, the stability analysis of a class of differential repetitive processes, a special case of 2-D continuous-discrete systems in Roesser model, can adopt the results in this manuscript. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrophic vaginitis represents a major barrier to compliance with aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in breast cancer (BC) survivors. While local estrogen therapy is effective for postmenopausal vaginal dryness, the efficacy of such therapies has not been evaluated systematically in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC patients on AI therapy. Furthermore, the potential risk of breast cancer recurrence with vaginal estrogen therapy represents a long-term safety concern for the patients with HR + BC. Unfortunately, there is no standardized assay to measure very low concentrations of estradiol (E2) in these women being treated with AI therapy. This makes it difficult to evaluate even indirectly the potential risk of BC recurrence with vaginal estrogen therapy in HR + BC patients on AI therapy. In this review, we describe available assays to measure very low concentrations of E2, discuss the Food and Drug Administration-approved vaginal estrogen products on the market, and summarize published and ongoing clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vaginal estrogen in HR + BC patients on AI therapy. In the absence of any randomized controlled clinical trials, this review serves as a summary of available clinical data and ongoing studies to aid clinicians in selecting the best available option for their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arguments in this paper show that under suitable conditions , differential equations with time-varying delay can be stabilized by adding Lévy noises. Indeed, these sufficient conditions can be applied as stabilization criteria in terms of linear matrix inequalities, whence the feedback controls can be designed more easily in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problems of delay-range-dependent stability and robust stability for uncertain two-dimensional (2-D) state-delayed systems in the Fornasini-Machesini second model, with the uncertainty assumed to be of norm bounded form. A generalized Lyapunov function candidate is introduced to prove the stability condition and some free-weighting matrices are used for less conservative conditions. The resulting stability and robust stability conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are delay-range-dependent. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of non-fragile robust guaranteed cost control for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete systems in the general model (GM) with norm-bound uncertainties is investigated. The purpose is to design a non-fragile state feedback controller such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and the cost function value is not more than an upper bound for all admissible uncertainties. The cost function is proposed and an upper bound of the cost function is given. By using a linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach, a sufficient condition for the solvability of the problem is obtained. A desired non-fragile state feedback controller can be constructed by solving a set of LMIs. An example is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinoic acid (RA) is important for maintaining integrity of alveolar epithelial cells, but the mechanism has not been defined. We cultured type II pneumocytes at confluent, high cell density (104 cells/mm2) and found that RA (10−6 M) inhibited thymidine incorporation to 60% of control, despite a dose-dependent increase in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels. However, at lower, subconfluent density (102 cells/mm2), RA stimulated thymidine incorporation to 280% of control. EGF increased thymidine incorporation at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/mL, but no further increase was observed at higher concentrations up to 100 ng/mL. In subconfluent cells co-treated with EGF (100 ng/mL) and increasing concentrations of RA (10−8 M–10−5 M RA), thymidine incorporation was significantly greater at all concentrations than RA alone, with greatest increases observed at 10−7 (422% of control) and 10−6 (470% of control) M RA. In summary, the effects of RA on thymidine incorporation are sensitive to changes in cell density. RA inhibits thymidine incorporation at high cell density and stimulates thymidine incorporation at low density. RA increases EGFRs in cultured type II pneumocytes, and EGF stimulates thymidine incorporation independent of the cultured cell density. These data may help to explain how RA mediates lung repair in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]