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Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and infants. Abnormal neuronal differentiation can lead to brain tumors, and topoisomerase IIβ (Top IIβ) plays an important role in neuronal differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) promoting the expression of Top IIβ and inducing neuronal differentiation in human MB Daoy cells. The results showed that 13-cis RA inhibited the cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The cells differentiated into a neuronal phenotype, with high expression of the neuronal marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and abundant Top IIβ, and obvious neurite growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) modification in Top IIβ promoter decreased after 13-cis RA-induced cell differentiation, while jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) binding in Top IIβ promoter increased. These results suggest that H3K27me3 and JMJD3 can regulate the expression of Top IIβ gene, which is related to inducing neural differentiation. Our results provide new insights into understanding the regulatory mechanisms of Top IIβ during neuronal differentiation and imply the potential application of 13-cis RA in the clinical treatment of MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the concurrence for arbitrary N-partite W-class states based on the (N - 1) -partite partitions of subsystems by taking account to the structures of W-class states. By using the method of permutation and combination, we give some analytical formulas of concurrence and elegant relations between the N-partite concurrence and the (N - 1) -partite concurrence for arbitrary N-partite W-class states. Applying these relations, we present better lower bounds of concurrence for some multipartite mixed states. An example is given to demonstrate that our lower bounds can detect more entanglements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of orthogonal states in multipartite systems is called to be locally stable if to preserve the orthogonality of the states, only trivial local measurement can be performed for each partite. Locally stable sets of states are always locally indistinguishable yielding a form of nonlocality which is different from the Bell-type nonlocality. In this work, we study the locally stable set of product states with small size. First, we give a lower bound on the size of locally stable sets of product states. It is well known that unextendible product basis (UPB) is locally indistinguishable. But we find that some of them are not locally stable. On the other hand, there exists some small subsets of minimum size UPB that are also locally stable which implies the nonlocality of such UPBs are stronger than other form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To compare the efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), corticosteroid (CS), and a combination of both drugs to prevent cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract surgery. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases to assess the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 28 April 2021. Network meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020182520). Results: Twenty-four RCTs were included in this review. The NSAID and combination of both drugs were significantly reduced the risk of developing CME than CS alone in non-diabetics and mix populations. In the ranking profiles, the combination therapy showed a significant advantage over the single drugs and was less likely to develop CME. Diclofenac was the most likely to reduce the odds of developing CME compared with bromfenac and nepafenac. Dexamethasone was the most likely to reduce the odds of developing CME compared with betamethasone and fluorometholone. Conclusion: NSAID combination with CS has significantly reduced the risk of developing CME postoperatively than the single drug. Diclofenac was superior to bromfenac and nepafenac in preventing CME. Dexamethasone was superior to betamethasone and fluorometholone in preventing CME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recently, Doroudiani and Karimipour [Phys. Rev. A 102 012427(2020)] proposed the notation of planar maximally entangled states which are a wider class of multipartite entangled states than absolutely maximally entangled states. There they presented their constructions in the multipartite systems but the number of particles is restricted to be even. Here, we first solve the remaining cases, i.e., constructions of planar maximally entangled states on systems with odd number of particles. In addition, we generalized the PME to the planar k-uniform states whose reductions to any adjacent k parties along a circle of N parties are maximally mixed. We presented a method to construct sets of planar k-uniform states which have minimal support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pars plana vitrectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole. Several chromovitrectomy dyes have been used to improve the visualization of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), including indocyanine green, trypan blue (TB), brilliant blue G (BBG), and triamcinolone acetonide (TA). We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to establish the optimum concentration of chromovitrectomy dye-assisted ILM peeling for IMH. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies before January 2020. We performed a random-effects NMA using STATA version 15.1 to assess mean difference and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We identified twelve retrospective trails and five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comprising 1 492 patients of IMH on stage II–IV for ILM peeling. The results of IMH closure rate show that the effect of ILM peeling without dye was better than 0.25% ICG, the effects of ILM peeling with 0.5% ICG or TA were better than without dye, and the effects of ILM peeling with 0.05% BBG, 0.15% TB, 0.5% ICG or 0.05% ICG were better than 0.25% ICG. Ranking probability analysis shows that the rates of IMH closure after ILM peeling with 0.15% TB or 0.05% BBG were better than nine other concentrations of chromovitrectomy dyes. Conclusion: The 0.15% TB and 0.05% BBG were recommended as the better efficient treatment-assisted ILM peeling for IMH closure. For retina specialists who prefer to use ICG to assist ILM peeling, 0.05% ICG may be a good choice. However, high-quality large-scale RCTs are recommended to confirm the NMA results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the local distinguishability of maximally entangled states (MESs). In particular, we are concerned with whether any fixed number of MESs can be locally distinguishable for sufficiently large dimensions. Fan and Tian et al. have already obtained two satisfactory results for the generalized Bell states (GBSs) and the qudit lattice states when applied to prime or prime power dimensions. We construct a general twist-teleportation scheme for any orthonormal basis with MESs that is inspired by the method used in [Phys. Rev. A 70, 022304 (2004)]. Using this teleportation scheme, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for one-way distinguishable sets of MESs, which include the GBSs and the qudit lattice states as special cases. Moreover, we present a generalized version of the results in [Phys. Rev. A 92, 042320 (2015)] for the arbitrary dimensional case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the perfectly local indistinguishability of multipartite product states. Firstly, we follow the method of Zhang et al. (Phys Rev A 93:012314, 2016) to give another more concise set of $$2n-1$$ orthogonal product states in $${\mathbb {C}}^m\otimes {\mathbb {C}}^n$$ $$(4\le m\le n)$$ which can not be distinguished by local operations and classical communication. Then we use the three-dimensional cubes to present some product states which give us an intuitive view on how to construct locally indistinguishable product states in tripartite quantum systems. At last, we give an explicit construction of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states for general multipartite systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, trace distance measure of coherence has been proposed for characterizing the coherence of a given quantum state. However, it seems difficult to estimate the optimal incoherent state for high dimensional states. An explicit expression for the trace distance measure of coherence for a class of qudit states is provided. We show that the closest incoherent state to the class of qudit states is just the diagonal matrix obtained from it by deleting all off-diagonal elements. It is also shown that the measure of coherence induced by trace distance can act as a measure of coherence for this class of qudit states with some restrictions on the strictly incoherent operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). This study uses a rat model to evaluate the role of the RhoA/MEK1/ ERK1/2/iNOS pathways in response to OIS-associated oxidative and nitrosative stress, with a long-term goal of identifying therapeutic targets for OIS. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups: bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery (BOCCA), sham surgery control, or unoperated control (n = 8/group). Three months after the procedure, retinas were analyzed anatomically, using immunohistochemistry and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for RhoA, MEK1, ERK1, ERK2, iNOS. Retinal injury was assessed using TUNEL. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by WST-1 and TBA methods, respectively. Results: In BOCCA rats, occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery induced degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, which was not observed in either control group. Retinal levels of RhoA, MEK1, ERK1, ERK2, iNOS, NOX2, and MDA were elevated in the BOCCA group, but not in either control group. In comparison, retinal levels of SOD were reduced in SOD animals. By immunofluorescent staining, RhoA was elevated in all retinal layers, while the increased levels of MEK, ERK1/1, and NOX were restricted to the INL, and that of ERK1/2 and NOX inner nuclear layer; iNOS elevations were observed in both the inner and outer nuclear layers. TUNEL labeling results showed that BOCCA group is higher staining than sham and control group. Conclusions: OIS elevates activity of the RhoA/MERK1/ERK1/2/iNOS pathways throughout the retina, likely reflecting a response to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Retinal thickness was reduced in BOCCA rats, reflecting a loss of retinal ganglion cells following the reduced blood flow to the eye. These results indicate that drugs that inhibit these pathways may be effective treatments for OIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the one-way local operations and classical communication (LOCC) problem. In $$\mathbb {C}^d\otimes \mathbb {C}^d$$ with $$d\ge 4$$ , we construct a set of $$3\lceil \sqrt{d}\rceil -1$$ one-way LOCC indistinguishable maximally entangled states which are generalized Bell states. Moreover, we show that there are four maximally entangled states which cannot be perfectly distinguished by one-way LOCC measurements for any dimension $$d\ge 4$$ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is severe damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes, and is the prevailing cause of blindness. Accumulating evidence from both animal models and humans suggests that the inflammatory process plays a key role in the development of diabetic retinopathy and is facilitated by innate immune response. The aim of this study was to examine whether the TLR4 signaling pathway was involved in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and rat diabetic retinopathy was examined at 4 weeks of diabetes duration. Then the accumulated leukocytes were counted in vivo by acridine orange leukocyte fluorography, and the retinal vascular permeability was measured by the Evans blue assay. The expressions of TLR4 and its downstream signaling molecules were measured by RT-PCR or Western blot respectively. To evaluate the effect of blocking TLR4 on diabetic retinopathy, TAK-242, a selective TLR4 antagonist, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Results: Our results showed that the retina of diabetic rats demonstrated accumulated leukocytes and retinal vascular permeability. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 were upregulated in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat retina. Furthermore, the protein levels of TLR4 downstream signaling molecules were significantly increased in streptozotocin-treated animals. In addition, the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (IFN)-β, three downstream proinflammatory cytokines of TLR4 signal transduction pathway, were also markedly increased in diabetic rats. Administration of TAK-242 attenuated leukocytes accumulated and retinal vascular permeability, and decreased TLR4 downstream signaling molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced animals. Conclusions: Together, these data have demonstrated that TLR4 has a critical role in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy at the level of inflammatory cytokine induction, in both the MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways. TLR4 may become a new potential pharmacological target for treating diabetic retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give a method for the local unitary equivalent problem which is more efficient than that was proposed by Bin Liu et al []. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubrivivax gelatinosus cultivated in wastewater environment can combine the biomass resource recycling for generating chemicals with sewage purification. However, low biomass accumulation restricts the exertion of this advantage. Thus, this paper investigated Fe advancement for biomass production in starch wastewater under light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that addition of Fe was successful in enhancing biomass production, which certainly improved the feasibility of biomass recycling in R. gelatinosus starch wastewater treatment. With optimal Fe dosage (20 mg/L), biomass production reached 4,060 mg/L, which was 1.63 times that of control group. Amylase activity was improved by 48 %. Both COD removal and starch removal reached 90 %. Hydraulic retention time was shortened by 25 %. Proper Fe dosage enhanced biomass production, but excess Fe was harmful for biomass accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess whether late remote ischemic preconditioning (L-RIPC) is effective in myocardial protection in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). L-RIPC is exerted by newly synthesized cardioprotective proteins. The cardioprotective effects of L-RIPC are more durable. 200 consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI were randomized to receive L-RIPC (induced by three 5-minute inflations of a blood pressure cuff to 200 mmHg around the upper arm, followed by 5-min intervals of reperfusion) or control (an uninflated cuff around the arm) at 18 h before PCI. Creatine phosphokinase (CK), its cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB), troponin I (TNI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured at 24 h after PCI. Adverse events' rates at 6 months were assessed. Compared with the control group, patients in L-RIPC group were observed with significantly lower incidences in Chest pain score >1 and ECG ST deviation >1 mm ( P < 0.05). The median TNI, CK, and CK-MB concentrations at 24 h were lower in the L-RIPC group (0.009 vs. 0.036 ng/mL, 123 vs. 186 IU/L, 15 vs. 27 IU/L; P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in hs-CRP between two groups. At 6 months, the adverse events' rate was lower in the L-RIPC group ( P = 0.036). L-RIPC is effective in myocardial protection in patients undergoing elective PCI and reduces adverse events' rate at 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordinated uterine-embryonic axis formation and decidual remodeling are hallmarks of mammalian post-implantation embryo development. Embryonic-uterine orientation is determined at initial implantation and synchronized with decidual development. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling these events remain elusive despite its discovery a long time ago. In the present study, we found that uterine-specific deletion of Rbpj, the nuclear transducer of Notch signaling, resulted in abnormal embryonic-uterine orientation and decidual patterning at post-implantation stages, leading to substantial embryo loss. We further revealed that prior to embryo attachment, Rbpj confers on-time uterine lumen shape transformation via physically interacting with uterine estrogen receptor (ERα) in a Notch pathway-independent manner, which is essential for the initial establishment of embryo orientation in alignment with uterine axis. While at post-implantation stages, Rbpj directly regulates the expression of uterine matrix metalloproteinase in a Notch pathway-dependent manner, which is required for normal post-implantation decidual remodeling. These results demonstrate that uterine Rbpj is essential for normal embryo development via instructing the initial embryonic-uterine orientation and ensuring normal decidual patterning in a stage-specific manner. Our data also substantiate the concept that normal mammalian embryonic-uterine orientation requires proper guidance from developmentally controlled uterine signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Split Hopkinson pressure bar test system was used to investigate the plastic deformation behavior and dynamic response character of α-type Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI and near α-type Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V titanium alloy when subjected to dynamic loading. In the present work, stress-strain curves at strain rate from 1.5 × 10 to 5.0 × 10 s were analyzed, and optical microscope (OM) was used to reveal adiabatic shearing behavior of recovered samples. Results show that both the two alloys manifest significant strain hardening effects. Critical damage strain rate of the two alloys is about 4.3 × 10 s, under which the impact absorbs energy of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI and Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V are 560 and 470 MJ·m, respectively. Both of them fracture along the maximum shearing strength orientation, an angle of 45° to the compression axis. No adiabatic shear band (ASB) is found in Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy, whereas several ASBs with different widths exist without regular direction in Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]