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Further improvements in perovskite solar cells require better control of ionic defects in the perovskite photoactive layer during the manufacturing stage and their usage1–5. Here we report a living passivation strategy using a hindered urea/thiocarbamate bond6–8 Lewis acid–base material (HUBLA), where dynamic covalent bonds with water and heat-activated characteristics can dynamically heal the perovskite to ensure device performance and stability. Upon exposure to moisture or heat, HUBLA generates new agents and further passivates defects in the perovskite. This passivation strategy achieved high-performance devices with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.1 per cent. HUBLA devices retained 94 per cent of their initial PCE for approximately 1,500 hours of ageing at 85 degrees Celsius in nitrogen and maintained 88 per cent of their initial PCE after 1,000 hours of ageing at 85 degrees Celsius and 30 per cent relative humidity in air.A living passivation strategy enables dynamic self-healing of perovskite solar cells to ensure device performance and stability on exposure to heat or moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a CHNHPbI/PCBM organic solar cell. Organic PCBM film and CHNHPbI perovskite film are deposited on the PEDOT:PSS/ITO glass substrate by the spin coating method. The performance of the organic solar cells was observed by changing the thickness of CHNHPbI perovskite. The thickness of a perovskite film can affect the carrier diffusion length in a device that strongly absorbs light in the red spectral region. The short-circuit current density and the power conversion efficiency were 21.9 mA/cm and 11.99 %, respectively, for the sample with 210-nm-thick CHNHPbI perovskite active layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sputtering made ZnO thin film was used as an electron-transport layer in a regular planar perovskite solar cell based on high quality CH3NH3PbI3 absorber prepared with a two-step spin-coating. An efficiency up to 15.9% under AM 1.5G irradiation is achieved for the cell based on ZnO film fabricated under Ar working gas. The atmosphere of the sputtering chamber can tune the surface electronic properties (band structure) of the resulting ZnO thin film and therefore the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding perovskite solar cell. Precise surface engineering of ZnO thin film was found to be one of the key steps to fabricate ZnO based regular planar perovskite solar cell with high power conversion efficiency. Sputtering method is proved to be one of the excellent techniques to prepare ZnO thin film with controllable properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]