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Background: N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is involved in several cellular processes. NAT10 expression is essential for the promotion of mRNA translation and stability. In some situations, deregulation of NAT10 has been attributed to the development of multiple types of cancer. NAT10 is significantly upregulated in various gastrointestinal tumors, including esophageal, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, and is correlated with poor prognosis. Additionally, NAT10 expression contributes to chemotherapy resistance in both esophageal and colorectal cancers. Nevertheless, the role of NAT10 in gastric cancer (GC), a type of gastrointestinal tumor, is not fully understood. Methods: Throughout this investigation, our team evaluated NAT10 expression levels in GC patient samples and databases available to the general public. Based on the knockdown and overexpression of NAT10, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of NAT10 on GC progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Results: Our study demonstrated that GC tissues exhibit increased levels of NAT10. Downregulation of NAT10 decreased GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Conversely, upregulation of NAT10 resulted in the opposite effect. Furthermore, NAT10 fosters the progression of GC cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. NAT10 also promotes resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that expression of NAT10 promoted GC progression through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We investigated the effect of NAT10 on the viability of GC cells treated with different doses of cisplatin. The results showed that NAT10 expression could impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy resistance in GC. This implies that using NAT10 as a target may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and critical behavior of polycrystalline GdPO4 prepared by chemical precipitation and solid-state sintering method were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that GdPO4 is crystalized in monazite phase with monoclinic crystal structure. Magnetization measurements confirm the presence of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition, as well as the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between Gd3+ ions in the low-temperature region. Arrott curves indicate that the sample exhibits second-order magnetic phase transition behavior. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change (−∆SMmax) and relative cooling power (RCP) are 50.1 J/(kg·K) (11.3 J/(kg·K)) and 416.3 J/kg (56.4 J/kg) at 5 T (1 T) magnetic field, respectively. The maximum value of adiabatic temperature change (∆Tadmax) reaches 36.5 K under an applied magnetic field of 5 T, indicating that GdPO4 is a good candidate for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. Critical behavior is analyzed and the existence of short-range ordering (SRO) magnetic exchange interactions in the long-range ordering (LRO) of GdPO4 is suggested to be responsible for the large magnetocaloric effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) is characterized by its unique vacuum structure, which results in extremely low thermal conductivity. However, its application in nuclear power pipelines has been rarely mentioned. In this work, super fiber reinforced aerogel (SFRA) serves as the insulating core material, combined with an ultra-thin stainless steel gas barrier to develop a new type of super insulating material, called SFRA-VIP. It exhibits an extremely low thermal conductivity (4.3 mW/m·K) and favorable thermal stability. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of stainless steel gas barrier thickness, fiber content, and aerogel density on the thermal insulation performance of SFRA-VIP. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, the heat transfer behavior of SFRA-VIP under high temperatures in nuclear power pipelines was simulated. The findings indicate that SFRA-VIP demonstrates outstanding thermal insulation performance at high temperatures, with just a 15 mm thickness reducing 450 °C to below 50 °C, which will further expand the application scope of VIP in the field of thermal insulation, particularly in the area of nuclear power pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanghuangporus vaninii. mycelial polysaccharides (SIP) are difficult to apply in food and pharmaceuticals due to their high molecular weight and low bioavailability. Therefore, a method is urgently needed to reduce its molecular weight to improve its bioactivity. In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions for ultrasonic modification of SIP (SIP concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, ultrasonic power of 510 W, and ultrasonic time of 3.5 h) to prepare ultrasonic-Sanghuangporus vaninii. mycelial polysaccharides (USIP). The analysis of physical and chemical properties and biological activities of SIP and USIP confirmed that compared with SIP, the total sugar, uronic acid, and sulfuric acid groups in USIP increased, while the protein content decreased slightly. Ultrasound did not alter the primary structure of the polysaccharides, which have longer side chains and more branched chains, and neither has a triple helical structure. The molecular weight of USIP is significantly lower and exhibits a degree of homogeneity compared to SIP, while the monosaccharide composition of USIP is altered. The apparent morphology of USIP is more fragmented than that of SIP, with the appearance of pores and grooves. The antioxidant and bacteriostatic properties of USIP were significantly improved compared to SIP, and ultrasound improved the biological activity of polysaccharides. These results indicate that ultrasound is an efficient and green polysaccharide modification method to produce value-added polysaccharides for use in functional foods or pharmaceuticals, providing a theoretical basis for applying SIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In solving the joint optimal operation problem of reservoir groups, traditional optimization methods suffer from the defects of "dimension disaster", premature convergence, and low efficiency. In this paper, an improved dynamic programming (DP) method is proposed, which reduces the dimension of the DP by using dynamic water level limits and a variable discrete mechanism. This approach improves computational efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy. Taking the 5-reservoirs system in the Liuxi River Basin as the research object, and aiming at minimizing flood peak discharge at the control section in the lower reaches, an optimal operation model for joint flood control of the reservoir group is established. Based on the improved DP with dimensionality reduction, and considering the differences in scheduling order of the reservoirs, the model is solved. Through the comparison of the calculation results, it is found that the peak flow at the outlet section of the basin from positive sequence optimization is reduced by 24% compared with conventional operation. This fully exploits the role of peak shaving and shifting, which is conducive to the safety and stability of the downstream river. In addition, the flow peak obtained by the reverse sequence optimization at the outlet section is the smallest, being 12% lower than the positive sequence optimization and 0.7% lower than the mixed sequence optimization. This better achieves the purpose of joint peak cutting and peak staggering. The new algorithm can improve computational speed, and the model that offer higher safety and stability in scheduling has practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The symplectic approach was utilized to derive solutions to the orthotropic micropolar plane stress problem. The Hamiltonian canonical equation was first obtained by applying Legendre’s transformation and the Hamiltonian mixed energy variational principle. Then, by using the method of separation of variables, the eigenproblem of the corresponding homogeneous Hamiltonian canonical equation was derived. Subsequently, the corresponding eigensolutions for three kinds of homogeneous boundary conditions were derived. According to the adjoint symplectic orthogonality of the eigensolutions and expansion theorems, the solutions to this plane stress problem were expressed as a series expansion of these eigensolutions. The numerical results for the orthotropic micropolar plane stress problem under various boundary conditions were presented and validated using the finite element method, which confirmed the convergence and accuracy of the proposed approach. We also investigated the relationship between the size-dependent behaviour and material parameters using the proposed approach. Furthermore, this approach was applied to analyze lattice structures under an equivalent micropolar continuum approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Meiyu season, characterized by the northward progression of the East Asian summer monsoon in the Yangtze River Valley, is a critical period of precipitation. This study assesses the prediction skills for various precipitation patterns during the Meiyu using S2S hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from 2002 to 2021. Three primary spatial distribution patterns of precipitation have been identified: the Jiangnan, Yangtze River, and Huaihe River types. Significant difference exists in the model's simulation capabilities across these patterns, with the Yangtze River Rainy type showing the highest accuracy. The forecasting skill differs among the precipitation types, primarily due to the model's representation of key impact circulation systems and their impacts on precipitation. During Meiyu, the model effectively predicts low-latitude circulations but struggles with higher-latitude ones. Consequently, these differences in circulation simulation crucially affect the simulation outcomes for the various precipitation patterns. Meanwhile, the model's performance largely depends on its ability to accurately represent the relationship between key circulations and corresponding precipitation patterns. The model captures the relationship between circulation and precipitation well for the Yangtze River Rainy type. However, it inaccurately simulates this relationship for the Jiangnan Rainy type, leading to significant errors. Additionally, different sea surface temperature (SST) states have varying external forcing impacts. Elevated SST in the central Pacific during the preceding spring favors the formation of a circulation pattern conducive to heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin. Due to the good simulation relationship between key circulation configurations and precipitation in the model, the external forcing relationship of the corresponding SST distribution in the model is well reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of semiconductor technology, the fabrication process of integrated circuits is complicated and expensive, and the testing of integrated circuits has become increasingly difficult. The reduction of testing costs has become a very important issue, and how to reduce the yield loss caused by testing has become increasingly important. Therefore, an adapted SLvT(Simplified Loss recovery Test) methodology is proposed, leveraging historical wafer data. Initially, the approach employs RFECV (Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation) and Pearson correlation analysis to sequentially select pivotal parameters., and XGBoost is used to achieve accurate prediction. For chips predicted as faulty, additional parameter items are added using the MI (Mutual Information) method improved by normal distribution. Prediction is then achieved through the retrained XGBoost., which greatly reduces the test yield loss. Finally, the chips that are predicted to be bad are fully tested to achieve zero yield loss. In addition, experimental validation underscores the efficacy of the method, demonstrating a substantial decrease in test resource occupancy, only 32.5%, at the expense of only 0.09% of test escape. At the same time, compared with other adaptive methods, the performance of zero yield loss is better than 83.5% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the conceptual frameworks of social withdrawal (Rubin, K. H., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2021). Perspectives on social withdrawal in childhood: Past, present, and prospects. Child Development Perspectives, 15(3), 160–167.) and emotion socialization (Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273.; Morris, (A) S., Criss, M. M., Silk, J. S., & Houltberg, (B) J. (2017). The impact of parenting on emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence. Child Development Perspectives, 11(4), 233–238.), the current study examined multifaceted relations among temperamental shyness, peer competence, and loneliness and focused on the role of socializing and expressing positive emotion in middle childhood. Participants included 1,364 families, among whom mothers reported children's temperament when children were 4.5 years old. Mothers and alternative caregivers (usually fathers) independently rated family expressiveness when children were 8–9 years old. Mothers rated their children's peer competence, and children's positive affect with peers were observed when children were ages 8–9 and 10–11. Children self-rated their loneliness levels at ages 10–11. A path model revealed a moderated mediation effect, such that family positive expressiveness moderated the sequential mediation pathway from child temperamental shyness through child peer competence at ages 8–9 and positive affect with peers at ages 10–11 to loneliness at ages 10–11. This sequential mediation was significant only under low but not high levels of family positive expressiveness. Findings support the importance of socializing positive emotion in the context of temperamental shyness and have implications for family-based intervention strategies aimed at children exhibiting high temperamental shyness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic skin (e-skin) is a research focus in the fields of robotics design, artificial prosthetics, and wearable electronics. When used for long-term unattended monitoring, several key problems, such as energy supply, sensing performance, and structural design, have attracted increasing attention. This study reports a self-powered flexible e-skin sensor (FES) based on the thermal cyclization of polyacrylonitrile, which enhances the piezoelectric effect. It mainly consists of nanoscale polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Ecoflex, and flexible PCB electrodes. PAN is mixed as a piezoelectric functional material in the Ecoflex substrate, forming a flexible sensing module. To enhance charge accumulation, PAN is initially electrospun into nanofibers and subsequently modified through a thermal treatment process. This procedure results in the formation of a conjugated trapezoid structure within PAN and significantly increases its molecular dipole moment. Due to the contribution of numerous nanocapacitors, the piezoelectric properties of the sensing module are significantly improved. To ensure durability, flexible PCBs were designed as the top and bottom electrodes of the sensing module via industrial board lamination and forming processes, also serving as packaging. Additionally, a human-computer interaction (HMI) system for e-skin measurement was developed, enabling real-time signal processing between the e-skin and the computer. On the basis of the good combination of piezoelectric nanoparticles, an Ecoflex substrate, and flexible PCBs, FES can reach 0.67 V/kPa and 0.99 voltage sensitivity and voltage linearity, respectively, under self-powered conditions under external pressure, and the detection range can reach 40–650 kPa. On the basis of the good performance of FES devices, such as their self-powered ability, long-term serviceability, high sensitivity, wide monitoring range, and various optimized designs for later circuits, the e-skin designed in this paper has important applications in the fields of HMI, personality recognition, and medical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean variety recognition is the basis of soybean agronomic yield and commodity attributes. In order to more comprehensively study the recognition performance of deep learning networks under multi-camera fusion, this paper innovatively proposes two new strategies for deep learning of soybean strain recognition based on three-camera fusion. One is image layer fusion and the other is feature layer fusion. Three cameras are used as the experimental trinocular vision. These strategies were evaluated with seven different deep learning network models, including Alexnet, Googlenet, Resnet34, Resnet50, Mobilenet, Shufflenet, and Densenet. Experimental results show that the network performance of both fusion strategies improves with the number of cameras. Notably, Densenet outperforms the other network models. Under the image-layer fusion strategy, Densenet achieves a validation accuracy of 0.9831 and a test accuracy of 0.9938 when three cameras are used. In the feature-layer fusion phase, Densenet achieves a validation accuracy of 0.9875 and a test accuracy when three cameras are used. In the three-camera setup, the image-layer fusion achieved a precision of 0.9729, a recall of 0.9500, and an F1 score of 0.9744. The feature-layer fusion achieved a precision of 0.9756, a recall of 0.9474, and an F1 score of 0.9474. Additionally, based on this research, a new mobile application called "Soybean Seed Classifier" was designed and developed. The results of the study provide a new method for comprehensive soybean seed identification, and the developed software shows practical value in soybean seed identification and breeding processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physalis alkekengi L. is one of the most popular berries in the world, and its calyx is rich in nutrients. Still, the study of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from Physalis alkekengi L. calyx (PC) has not been reported. This study aimed to extract Physalis alkekengi L. calyx soluble dietary fiber (PCSDF), and the optimal extraction process was investigated using response surface methodology. After ultrasonic pretreatment, the yield of PCSDF reached 8.74 ± 0.17% under the conditions of liquid-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, thermostable α-amylase concentration of 2000 U/mL, dispase concentration of 20,000 U/mL, amyloglucosidase concentration of 40,000 U/mL. For the first time, PCSDF was characterized by UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, and the composition of the monosaccharides, namely mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose, was identified by HPLC. For antioxidant activity, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) against DPPH, ABTS+, ·OH, and ·O2−radicals were 3.67, 2.96, 5.45, and 2.90 mg/mL, respectively, and there was a specific Fe3+ reducing capacity. In terms of hypoglycemic feature, the IC50 values for the inhibitory ability of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 1.20 and 9.21 mg/mL, respectively. For lipid-lowering potential, the IC50 value for pancreatic lipase inhibitory ability for lipid-lowering was 16.95 mg/mL. This paper fills the research gap of PCSDF and provides a basis for further evaluation of PCSDF using in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of roughening the surface of normal concrete (NC) substrates on the interfacial bonding performance, and the effect of substrate surface roughness and coarse aggregate area on the interfacial bonding performance was investigated by digital image technology. The results showed that the shear damage model of the roughened ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and NC composite specimens was divided into linear elasticity, yielding, and damage stages; the failure loads of the gouge interface group and the high-pressure water jet interface group were elevated by 18.3–33.9% and 43.0–140.0%, respectively, compared with those of the smooth interface group. In addition, the chiselled interface group and high-pressure water jetting interface group obtained an overall failure load of 44.2–50.0% and 53.4–90.0%, respectively; the exposed area of coarse aggregate on the substrate surface and the roughness of the concrete surface of the substrate showed a linear correlation with the interfacial shear strength, and the presence of coarse aggregate provided more mechanical anchorage points at the interface and increased the contact area with the UHPC. Substrate surface roughness increased the probability of steel fibre insertion into the groove of the substrate, and the formation of pin effect and bridge effect at the interface improved the shear slip capacity and bond strength at interface failure; substrate concrete surface roughness is a key parameter affecting the secondary damage of the UHPC-NC interface, and the degree of interface damage increased linearly with the increase of roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yak milk is a widely consumed dairy product rich in lactic acid bacteria. Although Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae) is commonly found in dairy products and other foods, there is limited information available on its genetic makeup in yak milk. In the present study, 10 E. hirae strains isolated and identified from fresh white yak milk samples, along with 442 E. hirae strains obtained from the NCBI database (totaling 452 strains), were subjected to comparative genomic analysis. The findings of this study revealed that E. hirae has an open pan-genomic structure that allows for its high adaptability and environmental plasticity. Notably, E. hirae isolates from fresh white yak milk had smaller genomes, encoded more functional genes, and had fewer copies of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the degradation of oligosaccharide metabolism and autolysin synthesis (CE1, GH73, GH23, and GT4 families) than those from animal and human isolates (P < 0.05). Additionally, fresh white yak milk isolates carried only three intrinsic bacteriocins and lacked virulence factors, CRISPR-Cas systems, and resistance genes linked to pathogenicity, which may be attributed to their specialization in the milk-derived environment. This study provides new insights into the genetic and functional gene diversity of E. hirae and how it adapts to milk-derived habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable advances have been achieved in the application of nanomaterials for immunotherapies, yet the precise immune effects induced by protein corona remain elusive. Here, we explore the formation mechanism and immune regulation process of protein corona in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) mouse models using commercialized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), with different surface modifications, including an FDA-approved variant. Using macrophages depleted or Complement Component 3 (C3) knockout mice, we demonstrate that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP (IONP-COOH) reduces leukaemia burden. Mechanistically, IONP-COOH indirectly binds to C3b after activating the complement alternative pathway, subsequently enhancing phagocytosis of macrophages and activating adaptive immunity mediated by complement corona. While aminated dextran-coated IONPs directly absorb C3b and activate the lectin pathway, leading to immune cell exhaustion. Our findings suggest that IONP-COOH may serve as an immune activator for AML treatment, offering a promising approach to developing therapeutic nanomaterials by leveraging surface chemistry to enhance immunotherapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetting and drying cycles (WDCs) have a significant impact on the shear behavior of discontinuities with different joint wall materials (DDJMs). This influence is crucial for the reasonable evaluation of the long-term stability of soft and hard interbedded rock slopes under water level fluctuations. As the surface topographies of natural discontinuities collected from the field vary, conducting comparative experiments on natural discontinuity specimens with identical surface topographies is challenging. To solve this problem, a 3D surface topography reconstruction technique was employed to obtain DDJM specimens with three types of surface topographies collected from a typical sliding-prone stratum in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. A series of experiments, including computed tomography scanning, 3D laser scanning, and direct shear tests, were conducted to investigate the influence of WDCs on the micro- and macroproperties of joint walls, surface topographies, and shear behavior of DDJMs. The experimental results showed that repeated WDC treatments caused the degradation of the microstructures and macroscopic physical properties of the studied joint walls, and the more severely weakened joint wall played a predominant role in reducing the shear strength of DDJMs. The influence of WDCs on the surface topographies of DDJMs was negligible in this study; changes in the shear behavior of DDJMs were closely associated with the weakening of joint walls induced by WDCs; and the impact degree of joint wall weakening on the deterioration of the shear behavior of DDJMs was interactively influenced by and positively correlated with both the joint roughness coefficient and normal stress. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the stability of soft and hard interbedded rock slopes induced by water level fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and other reservoir regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of the drag, noise, and vibration of underwater vehicles has always been a hot topic, causing the study of skin with multiple functions to become a development trend. In the present paper the vibration isolation and sound radiation reduction characteristic of a multiple functions skin, micro-floating raft array skin (MFRAS), are assessed by a mathematical model. The mathematical model is developed based on the thin plate theory and the effective medium theory and validated by the finite element model and reference. The structural parameters of MFRAS have been discussed and optimized by orthogonal experiment design with the evaluation index, the average value of the mean square velocity level. The results show that the MFRAS can isolate the vibration transmission of internal equipment by mismatched impedance between MFRAS and plate, and then reduce the sound radiation. The optimized MFRAS can reduce the mean square velocity level by 1.35 dB and the sound radiation power level by 2.47 dB within the frequency range of 10–2000 Hz compared with the equal weight free damping layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by using iterated integral expression of multiple polylogarithm function, we establish some identities relating multiple harmonic (star) sums and (alternating) multiple zeta values. We then apply these identities and the shuffle relations to evaluate some Euler-type sums involving harmonic numbers and binomial coefficients, such as ∑ n = 1 ∞ ∏ j = 1 p H n i j (2 n + 1) (n + r) , ∑ n = 1 ∞ ∏ j = 1 p H n i j 2 n + 1 n + k k and some other forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static and dynamic performance of the machine tool directly affects the machining accuracy, dimensional stability, and service reliability. In order to analyze the mechanical performances of a precision horizontal machine center, a finite element (FE) model was established using ANSYS software. The deformation curve of the guide rail was obtained through static analysis of nine different working conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the precision horizontal machining center were obtained through dynamic analysis. And modal hammer impact tests were conducted on the machining center to verify the simulation results. The results showed that the maximum deformation of the guide rail was 0.0134 mm (situation 6), and the experimental measurement values of the first five natural frequencies of the whole machine were 96 Hz, 116 Hz, 198 Hz, 213 Hz, and 229 Hz. And it was found that adding a column structure can significantly improve the dynamic characteristics of precision horizontal machining centers. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement and optimization of the dynamic and static performance of machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quantitative assessment of the seismic stability of anchored anti-dip slopes is of great importance for the safety of residents and infrastructure in seismically active regions. However, the subject has received relatively little scientific attention globally. This study aims to analyze the dynamic stability of an anchored anti-dip slope during the Ludian earthquake in Yunnan Province, China, a region characterized by active faults and frequent strong earthquakes. The Manhekuan slope located near the Lancang River fault, an active fault in Yunnan Province, was chosen as a case study to propose a method that integrates engineering geological investigations with the discrete element method (DEM). To validate its effectiveness, the proposed method is compared with the pseudo-static method and subsequently applied to optimize the anchorage parameters of the Manhekuan slope. The results indicate that the stability factor achieved by the proposed method is slightly higher than that of the pseudo-static method, showing a 3.6% increase. The proposed method effectively describes the shear evolution characteristics of the anchor cable and its influence on the seismic dynamic stability of the anchored anti-dip slope. The dynamic stability of the Manhekuan slope under the Ludian earthquake is reasonably analyzed using three indices: stability factor, geological body displacement, and anchorage force. This analysis leads to the determination of optimal anchorage parameters for the Manhekuan slope. The findings provide a valuable reference for evaluating the seismic stability of anchored slope engineering in seismically active regions, including the Himalayas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution and data quality of curve number (CN) values determine the performance of hydrological estimations. However, existing CN datasets are constrained by universal-applicability hypothesis, medium resolution, and imbalance between specificity CN tables to generalized land use/land cover (LULC) maps, which hinder their applicability and predictive accuracy. A new annual CN dataset named CUSCN30, featuring an enhanced resolution of 30 meters and accounting for temporal variations in climate and LULC in the continental United States (CONUS) between 2008 and 2021, was developed in this study. CUSCN30 demonstrated good performance in surface runoff estimation using CN method when compared to observed surface runoff for the selected watersheds. Compared with existing CN datasets, CUSCN30 exhibits the highest accuracy in runoff estimation for both normal and extreme rainfall events. In addition, CUSCN30, with its high spatial resolution, better captures the spatial heterogeneity of watersheds. This developed CN dataset can be used as input for hydrological models or machine learning algorithms to simulate rainfall-runoff across multiple spatiotemporal scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vacancy effect in quantum spin liquid (QSL) has been extensively studied. A finite density of random vacancies in the Kitaev model can lead to a pileup of low-energy density of states (DOS), which is generally experimentally determined by a scaling behavior of thermodynamic or magnetization quantities. Here, we report detailed muon spin relaxation (μSR) results of H3LiIr2O6, a Kitaev QSL candidate with vacancies. The absence of magnetic order is confirmed down to 80 mK, and the spin fluctuations are found to be persistent at low temperatures. Intriguingly, the time-field scaling law of longitudinal-field (LF)-μSR polarization is observed down to 0.1 K. This indicates a dynamical scaling, whose critical exponent of 0.46 is excellently consistent with the scaling behavior of specific heat and magnetization data. All the observations point to the finite DOS with the form N (E) ∼ E − ν , which is expected for the Kitaev QSL in the presence of vacancies. Our μSR study provides a dynamical fingerprint of the power-law low-energy DOS and introduces a crucial new insight into the vacancy effect in QSL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNAs and their encoded proteins intricately regulate diverse cell types and states within the human body. Dysregulated RNA expressions or mutations can lead to various diseased cell states, including tumorigenesis. Detecting and manipulating these endogenous RNAs offers significant promise for restoring healthy cell states and targeting tumors both in research and clinical contexts. This study presents an RNA-IN and RNA-OUT genetic circuit capable dynamically sensing and manipulating any RNA target in a programmable manner. The RNA-IN module employes a programmable CRISPR-associated protease (CASP) complex for RNA detection, while the RNA-OUT module utilizes an engineered protease-responsive dCas9-VPR activator. Additionally, the CASP module can detect point mutations by harnessing an uncovered dual-nucleotide synergistic switching effect within the CASP complex, resulting in the amplification of point-mutation signals from initially undetectable levels (1.5-fold) to a remarkable 94-fold. We successfully showcase the circuit's ability to rewire endogenous RNA-IN signals to activate endogenous progesterone biosynthesis pathway, dynamically monitor adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the epithelial-to-mesenchmal trans-differentiation, as well as selective killing of tumor cells. The programmable RNA-IN and RNA-OUT circuit exhibits tremendous potential for applications in gene therapy, biosensing and design of synthetic regulatory networks. RNAs and their encoded proteins intricately regulate diverse cell types and states within the human body. Here the authors report an RNA-IN/OUT genetic circuit to sense and respond any endogenous RNA with single-nucleotide resolution allowing them to dynamically monitor stem cell differentiations, and rewire regulatory networks in mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 domain contains multiple lncRNAs, mRNAs, the largest miRNA cluster in the genome and four differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and deletion of maternally expressed RNA within this locus results in embryonic lethality, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not clear. Here, we optimized the model of maternally expressed RNAs transcription termination in the domain and found that the cause of embryonic death was apoptosis in the embryo, particularly in the liver. We generated a mouse model of maternally expressed RNAs silencing in the Dlk1-Dio3 domain by inserting a 3 × polyA termination sequence into the Gtl2 locus. By analyzing RNA-seq data of mouse embryos combined with histological analysis, we found that silencing of maternally expressed RNAs in the domain activated apoptosis, causing vascular rupture of the fetal liver, resulting in hemorrhage and injury. Mechanistically, termination of Gtl2 transcription results in the silencing of maternally expressed RNAs and activation of paternally expressed genes in the interval, and it is the gene itself rather than the IG-DMR and Gtl2-DMR that causes the aforementioned phenotypes. In conclusion, these findings illuminate a novel mechanism by which the silencing of maternally expressed RNAs within Dlk1-Dio3 domain leads to hepatic hemorrhage and embryonic death through the activation of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In this work, in order to find new strategy to solve the safe problem of one famous high energy compound 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) under the impact and static electricity environment, cyclo[n]carbons (n = 10, C10; n = 14, C14; n = 18, C18) were employed to construct novel energetic composites (RDX@C10, RDX@C14, RDX@C18) with RDX for the first time. The investigated results showed that C10, C14 and C18 all can form stable composites with RDX through a exothermal process. Three cyclo[n]carbons could not only decrease the impact sensitivity of RDX by decreasing the positive ESP values and transferring the HPV region. But also could reduce the electrostatic sensitivity greatly by decreasing the energy gap, increasing the EHOMO and controlling the active electron-induced process and reaction. Among them, the desensitization effect by C18 and C14 was found to be much better than C10. In addition, three cyclo[n]carbons may be used as new sensors for the detection of RDX, due to the fast recovery time under different lights, and great change in the UV–Vis spectrum. These improvements may provide valuable insights for enhancing the safe performance of high energy compounds with similar structures to RDX, and broaden the application sphere of cyclo[n]carbons. Methods: All of the calculations on the structures were carried out by using the Gaussian 09 software at the M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level. In addition, further calculations on the properties and interactions were performed by using the Multiwfn software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The truncation coefficient is widely utilized in non-global coverage computations of geophysics and geodesy and is always altitude dependent. As the two commonly used calculation methods for truncation coefficients, i.e., the spectral form and the recursive formula, both suffer from decreasing precision caused by high-altitude, leading to slow convergence for the former and numerical instability recursion for the latter. The asymptotic expansion mathematically converges with increasing degree and can precisely compensate for the shortcomings of the two methods. This study introduces asymptotic expansion to accurately compute the truncation coefficient for the spectral gravity forward modeling to a high degree. The evaluation at the whole altitudes and whole integral radii indicates that the proposed method has the following advantages: (i) The calculation precision increases with increasing degree and is altitude independent; (ii) the accurate calculation can be supported by a double-precision format; and (iii) the calculation can be conducted nearly without extra time cost with increasing degree. Generally, asymptotic expansion is used to calculate the high degree truncation coefficients, while the truncation coefficients at low degrees can be calculated using spectral form or recursive formulas in multiprecision format as a supplement; and the available range of asymptotic expansion is provided in the appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations with relativistic-type diffusions. The proposed approach utilized to establish the new results of existence and asymptotic behavior of traveling wavefronts is based on the theorem of the monotone dynamical system. Some corresponding results in the literature can be enriched and extended. In addition, two typical examples and the corresponding numerical simulations have been carried out to support our analytic findings. Some previously known results can be extended and complemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a post hoc analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to investigate whether red blood cell (RBC) indices are associated with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), and whether the association is affected by age. In this post hoc analysis, patients with RBC indices at admission were enrolled. RBC indices including RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed. According to the median of these RBC indices, eligible patients were divided into high and low groups, which were further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. Primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days, which was used to evaluate RIC efficacy. RIC efficacy as well as effect of age on RIC efficacy were analyzed across the high and low groups of different RBC indices, and the interaction effects of RBC indices on RIC efficacy were evaluated. A total of 1640 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. In overall patients, no significant interaction effects of RIC intervention by all RBC indices were found, although there was a trend in interaction effect of RIC intervention by MCH (p = 0.116). However, we found an effect of age on the association of MCH with RIC efficacy. In patients over 60 years old, MCH significantly affected RIC efficacy (p = 0.006) and RIC significantly produced a higher proportion of primary outcome in high MCH (72.6% vs. 59.1%, P < 0.001) vs. low MCH group (61.2% vs. 62%, P = 0.829), which was not identified in patients under 60 years old. Furthermore, RIC efficacy decreased with increasing age in patients with low MCH with significant interaction effect (p = 0.012), while RIC efficacy increased with increasing age in patients with high MCH although no significant interaction (p = 0.126). No significant interaction effects of RIC intervention by RBC count, HCT, MCV, HB, and MCHC were found regardless of age. This secondary analysis of RICAMIS suggested that RIC exhibited more obvious benefit in AIS patients over 60 years old with high MCH compared with those with low MCH group, but RBC count, HCT, MCV, HB, and MCHC were not associated with the efficacy of RIC treatment regardless of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic risk significantly influence susceptibility and heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and increasing evidence suggests their close association with lipdome. However, their causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a two-sample MR (Mendelian randomization) analysis using publicly available large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to evaluate the causal impact of lipdome on COPD and asthma. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analysis method, and multiple sensitivity and heterogeneity tests were performed to assess the reliability of the results. Finally, a Meta-analysis was conducted on lipdome with significant causal relationships to validate the robustness of the results. Our findings suggest that Sterol ester (27:1/18:2), Phosphatidylcholine (15:0_18:2), (16:0_18:2), (16:0_20:2), (17:0_18:2), (18:1_18:1), (18:1_18:2), (18:1_20:2), Triacylglycerol (54:3), and (56:4) levels are protective factors for COPD, while levels of Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:5), (18:0_20:4), and (O-16:0_20:4) are risk factors for COPD. Meta-analysis of lipids causally related to COPD also indicates significant results. Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_20:4), (16:0_22:5), and (18:0_20:4) levels are risk factors for asthma, while Phosphatidylcholine (18:1_18:2), (18:1_20:2), and Sphingomyelin (d38:1) levels are protective factors for asthma. However, the lack of statistical significance in the Meta-analysis may be due to heterogeneity in research methods and data statistics. This study indicates that 4 lipdome species have significant correlations with COPD and asthma. Phosphatidylcholine (18:1_18:2) and (18:1_20:2) are protective factors, while Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:5) and (18:0_20:4) are risk factors. Additionally, due to differences in molecular subtypes, phosphatidylcholine, sterol ester, and triacylglycerol exhibit differential effects on the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nasal tip refinement is a challenging step of East Asian rhinoplasty due to complex anatomical defects. Autologous costal cartilage grafts are commonly used to provide nasal tip support. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified technique using a lollipop-like cartilage graft with a peach-shaped head. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on Chinese patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty with the modified technique between November 2018 and March 2021 at our center. Preoperative and postoperative facial photographs, patient-reported outcome measures including the visual analog scale (VAS) and the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE), as well as surgery-related complications, were collected for outcome assessment. Results: A total of 31 adult patients were included in this retrospective cohort study, with a mean follow-up period of 17.12 ± 3.89 months. The majority of patients (28/31; 90.3%) expressed satisfaction with the aesthetic outcomes, as evidenced by a significant increase in mean VAS score from 3.97 ± 1.52 preoperatively to 7.39 ± 0.22 postoperatively (P < 0.01), and a significant increase in mean ROE score from 11.77 ± 2.33 to 17.22 ± 2.47 (P < 0.01). Photogrammetric analysis also demonstrated significant improvements in nasal anatomical measurements. Among the three patients with unsatisfactory feedback, two had mild columella deviations and one had a mild dorsum deviation. No other notable complications were reported. Conclusion: The current study supports the safety and utility of the modified technique utilizing the lollipop-like costal cartilage graft with a peach-shaped head for major tip refinement in East Asian patients. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a series arc fault (SAF) occurs in one branch of a low-voltage alternating current power distribution system with complex connections and many types of loads, the load branches interact with one another, and thus, detection becomes more difficult. To avoid the occurrence of electrical fire, an SAF detection method based on a residual deformable convolutional network (RDCN) is proposed. First, an arc fault data acquisition experimental platform for low-voltage complex branches is built to measure trunk current signals during normal operation and SAF occurrence. Second, 1D current signals are mapped to 2D space as input to the model, more comprehensively responding to the amplitude and variation of the signals. Deformable convolutional networks are used to extract spatial distribution information from feature maps to avoid the limitation posed by the fixed shape of convolutional kernels and improve spatial differentiation among different data. Considering the ability to focus better on fault information, channel attention is introduced to strengthen the correlation among feature channels. Then, the experimental platform data verify that the method can effectively distinguish whether SAF occurs and the type of load where the fault occurs, with the highest accuracy of up to 98.98% and 98.84%, respectively, and an average test time of 1.8 s in determining whether a fault occurs in a six-branch circuit. Finally, compared with existing network models, RDCN has a shorter running time while obtaining a higher accuracy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the operating conditions of the industrial fluidized bed reactor with a daily output of 3 tons of crude ZrCl4, crude ZrCl4 was prepared by carbochlorination using desiliconization zirconia, C powder, and Cl2 as raw materials. The thermodynamics and kinetics of carbochlorination reaction were investigated. Furthermore, quality data for the crude ZrCl4 were modeled using a neural network gate recurrent unit (GRU) model. The experimental findings demonstrated that at elevated temperatures, the dominant formation equation is CO, with the reaction rate primarily governed by the surface reaction. Optimal results in chlorination rate, product quality, and slag discharge were achieved with a ZrO2: C of 100: 18–19 wt.%, a push speed of 70 kg/h, a material layer height of 1 m, and a chlorine flow rate of 75 kg/h. The loss value of GRU model training prediction is 0.021, and the curve convergence effect is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag–SnO2Sb2O3 materials prepared by internal oxidation technology have excellent electrical properties. Here Ag–SnO2Sb2O3 materials are fabricated by four kinds of different oxidation ways. Influence of oxidation way on microstructure and oxides distribution is investigated and the formation mechanism of Ag–SnO2Sb2O3 materials is discussed. The oxidation effect of billet oxidation in air + Ag2O is the best and the oxides distribution is the most uniform and the physical properties (relative density: 97.2%, hardness: 57 Hv03 and electrical conductivity: 12.3 Ms/m) are also the best in the four kinds of oxidation ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study investigated the causal relationship between immune cells, metabolites, and epilepsy using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) and mediation MR analysis of 731 immune cell traits and 1400 metabolites. Our core methodology centered on inverse-variance weighted MR, supplemented by other methods. This approach was crucial in clarifying the potential intermediary functions of metabolites in the genetic links between traits of immune cells and epilepsy. We found a causal relationship between immune cells and epilepsy. Specifically, the genetically predicted levels of CD64 on CD14-CD16- are positively correlated with the risk of epilepsy (p < 0.001, OR = 1.0826, 95% CI 1.0361–1.1312). Similarly, metabolites also exhibit a causal relationship with both immune cells (OR = 1.0438, 95% CI 1.0087–1.0801, p = 0.0140) and epilepsy (p = 0.0334, OR = 1.0897, 95% CI 1.0068–1.1795), and sensitivity analysis was conducted to further validate these relationships. Importantly, our intermediate MR results suggest that the metabolite Paraxanthine to linoleate (18:2n6) ratio may mediate the causal relationship between immune cell CD64 on CD14-CD16- and epilepsy, with a mediation effect of 5.05%. The results suggest the importance of specific immune cell levels and metabolites in understanding epilepsy's pathogenesis, which is significant for its prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests a robust link between the severity of maternal depression and children's depression risks in middle childhood. Variations among depressed mothers in terms of affective dysregulation and frequent mood changes are also observed. However, the understanding of how fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms and negative affect influence children is limited. Guided by life history theory, the current study tested whether the degree of fluctuations in maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and anger contributed to depression risks among school-aged children. The sample included 1,364 families where maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and anger were longitudinally assessed when children were in Grades 1, 3, 5, and 6. Children's anxious depression and withdrawn depression behaviors were rated in Grades 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 by two caregivers. Parallel latent growth curve analyses revealed that, first, fluctuations in maternal anxiety from Grade 1 to 6 were related to an increase in children's withdrawn depression over the same period. Second, mean maternal anger over time was related to higher mean levels of child anxious and withdrawn depression, yet fluctuations in maternal anger were not linked to child outcomes. Findings support life history theory by highlighting the degree of fluctuations in maternal anxiety as a source of environmental unpredictability and reveal different effects of maternal anxiety and anger in the intergenerational transmission of depression, with important theoretical and clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micronutrient deficiencies and excesses are closely related to developing and treating depression. Traditional and effective antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and lithium. There is no consensus on the fluctuation of zinc (Zn2+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), and manganese (Mn2+) ion levels in depressed individuals before and after therapy. In order to determine whether there were changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of these ions in depressed patients compared with healthy controls and depressed patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, or lithium, we applied a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the Stata 17.0 software, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the changes in ion levels in human samples from healthy controls, depressive patients, and patients treated with TCAs, SSRIs, and lithium, respectively. By searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WAN FANG databases, 75 published analyzable papers were chosen. In the blood, the levels of Zn2+ and Mg2+ in depressed patients had decreased while the Ca2+ and Cu2+ levels had increased compared to healthy controls, Fe2+ and Mn2+ levels have not significantly changed. After treatment with SSRIs, the levels of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in depressed patients increased while Cu2+ levels decreased. Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels were increased in depressed patients after Lithium treatment. The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that micronutrient levels were closely associated with the onset of depression and prompted more research into the underlying mechanisms as well as the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the basis of musical emotions, dynamic tension experience is felt by listeners as music unfolds over time. The effects of musical harmonic and melodic structures on tension have been widely investigated, however, the potential roles of metrical structures in tension perception remain largely unexplored. This experiment examined how different metrical structures affect tension experience and explored the underlying neural activities. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded and subjective tension was rated simultaneously while participants listened to music meter sequences. On large time scale of whole meter sequences, it was found that different overall tension and low-frequency (1 ~ 4 Hz) steady-state evoked potentials were elicited by metrical structures with different periods of strong beats, and the higher overall tension was associated with metrical structure with the shorter intervals between strong beats. On small time scale of measures, dynamic tension fluctuations within measures was found to be associated with the periodic modulations of high-frequency (10 ~ 25 Hz) neural activities. The comparisons between the same beats within measures and across different meters both on small and large time scales verified the contextual effects of meter on tension induced by beats. Our findings suggest that the overall tension is determined by temporal intervals between strong beats, and the dynamic tension experience may arise from cognitive processing of hierarchical temporal expectation and attention, which are discussed under the theoretical frameworks of metrical hierarchy, musical expectation and dynamic attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The recent focus on the roles of N-linked glycoproteins in carcinogenesis across various malignancies has prompted our exploration of aberrantly expressed glycoproteins responsible for HCC progression and potential therapeutic strategy. Methods: Mass spectrometry was applied to initially identify abnormally expressed glycoproteins in HCC, which was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The role of selected glycoprotein on HCC development and underlying mechanism was systematically investigated by colony formation, mouse xenograft, RNA-sequencing and western blot assays, etc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were performed to explore potential transcription factors (TFs) of selected glycoprotein. The regulation of repaglinide (RPG) on expression of lumican and downstream effectors was assessed by western blot and IHC, while its impact on malignant phenotypes of HCC was explored through in vitro and in vivo analyses, including a murine NASH-HCC model established using western diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Results: Lumican exhibited upregulation in both serum and tumor tissue, with elevated expression associated with an inferior prognosis in HCC patients. Knockdown of lumican resulted in significantly reduced growth of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, lumican promoted HCC malignant phenotypes by inhibiting the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) was identified as the TF of lumican that transcriptionally enhanced its expression. Without silencing FOXO3, RPG blocked the binding of FOXO3 to the promoter region of lumican, thereby inhibiting the activation of lumican/p53/p21 axis. Mice treated with RPG developed fewer and smaller HCCs than those in the control group at 24 weeks after establishment. Conclusion: Our results indicate that RPG prevented the development and progression of HCC via alteration of FOXO3/lumican/p53 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two series of new potential nano-carbon dots (CDs) inhibitors with different sizes (series A: five rings; series B: ten rings), doped elements (B, N and S) and functional groups (–OH, –COOH, –CO-thiazole, –CO-imidazole) were designed. Their various anti-corrosive properties, corrosion inhibition efficiencies and mechanisms were investigated by DFT and MD. The results showed that the B-doping and S-doping could significantly improve the feedback bonding, while the N-doping can enhance the feedback and coordinate bonding. Most of CDs could be either solid nucleophiles or nucleophiles; their anti-corrosive parameters and adsorption energies are much better than common organic inhibitors, indicating their high value to be used as new inhibitors. Most CDs not have high ∆N (Fe) and high ∆N (Cu) and may be why some CDs can inhibit the corrosion to both Fe and Cu alloys. CDs in series B have better softness, ∆N and ∆E, than the corresponding ones in series A, suggesting the significant effect of the size, and it is necessary to consider this when using CD inhibitors. Finally, the N-doping, S-doping and B-doping influenced the structures, leading to different corrosion inhibition mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Tiragolumab is an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody targeting the immune checkpoint T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor ITIM domains. Targeting multiple immune pathways may improve anti-tumor responses. The phase I YP42514 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary efficacy of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Adult patients from mainland China with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score 0/1, life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks, and adequate hematologic/end organ function were eligible. Patients received tiragolumab 600 mg and atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenous every 3 weeks. Key endpoints were PK (serum concentrations of tiragolumab and atezolizumab) and safety. Results from this study were compared with the global phase I study, GO30103 (NCT02794571). Results: In this study, 20 patients received a median of five doses of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab. Median age was 57.5 years, 85.0% of patients were male and the most common tumor type was non-small cell lung cancer. Exposures in Chinese patients were comparable to the global GO30103 population: geometric mean ratio was 1.07 for Cycle 1 tiragolumab area under the concentration–time curve0–21 and 0.92 and 0.93 for Cycle 1 peak and trough atezolizumab exposure, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were consistent across the Chinese and global populations. Two patients (10.0%) in this study achieved a partial response. Conclusion: In this study, tiragolumab plus atezolizumab was tolerable and demonstrated preliminary anti-tumor activity. There were no meaningful differences in the PK or safety of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab between the Chinese and global populations. Clinical trial registration number: China Clinical Trial Registry Identifier CTR20210219/YP42514. Date of registration 16 March 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of aprepitant in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). Methods: Clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as clinical trials registered at clinicaltrials. gov. These trials compared aprepitant with the control or placebo groups among patients who underwent MBS. Meta-analysis was performed using StataSE 17.0 software to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the effectiveness of aprepitant in preventing PONV following MBS. Results: A total of five articles comprising six studies including 929 patients undergoing MBS were included. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of PONV among patients receiving aprepitant (pooled RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.68, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that aprepitant effectively reduced PONV incidence at 0, 6, and 12 h postoperatively in patients with MBS, but did not decrease PONV occurrence at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. Conclusion: Aprepitant demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in preventing PONV following MBS, effectively reducing patient discomfort, and improving postoperative recovery. Therefore, aprepitant should be considered a preventive measure in patients undergoing MBS to enhance patient satisfaction and recovery rates. Additionally, to maintain an effective drug concentration, aprepitant should be administered within the first 24 h postoperatively. PROSPERO Registration: CRD 42024528154. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy of the corrosion fatigue life prediction model for the 7050 aluminum alloy, this study presents a corrosion fatigue life prediction model based on back-propagation (BP) neural network optimized by improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm that takes into account different sampling orientations and stress magnitudes. The model determines the mapping relationship between corrosion fatigue life, sample direction, and stress level. It also compares the improved grey wolf optimization-backpropagation (IGWO-BP) prediction error with three other models: BP, particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP), and genetic algorithm-backpropagation (GA-BP). The IGWO-BP model's performance measures are as follows: a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9740, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0479, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0596, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.9443%. For both the training and test sets, the predicted results are within an error margin of 1.5 times. When compared with the conventional BP neural network, the R2 of IGWO-BP is increased by 5.69%, and the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of IGWO-BP are the smallest, reduced by 26.24, 26.19, and 26.72%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current asthma treatments have been discovered to decrease the risk of disease progression. Herein, we aimed to characterize novel potential therapeutic targets for asthma. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GSE64913 and GSE137268 datasets were characterized. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify trait-related module genes within the GSE67472 dataset. The intersection of the module genes of interest, as well as the DEGs, comprised the key module genes that underwent additional candidate gene screening using machine learning. In addition, a bioinformatics-based approach was used to analyze the relative expression levels, diagnostic values, and reverently enriched pathways of the screened candidate genes. Furthermore, the candidate genes were silenced in asthmatic mice, and the inflammation and lung injury in the mice were validated. A total of 1710 DEGs were characterized in GSE64913 and GSE137268 for asthma patients. WGCNA identified 2367 asthma module genes, of which 285 overlapped with 1710 DEGs. Four candidate genes, CDC167, POSTN, SEC14L1, and SERPINB2, were validated using the intersection genes of three machine learning algorithms, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine. All the candidate genes were significantly upregulated in asthma patients and demonstrated diagnostic utility for asthma. Furthermore, silencing CDC167 reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines significantly and alleviated lung injury in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. Our study demonstrated that CDC167 exhibits potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for asthma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the global trend toward electrification, the focus of recent Chinese investment in Europe has shifted to the field of electric vehicles. The largest and most controversial investment is Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited's (CATL) battery factory in Hungary, following its initial success in Germany. Although the Hungarian national government and local authorities unanimously supported this mega gigafactory, it has provoked heated disputes among opposition parties, experts, and local communities. Drawing on over 900 news articles related to CATL published between April 2022 and February 2024, this study examines how CATL's investment is portrayed in the Hungarian media. Using content analysis, I analyzed the overall sentiments of the CATL project by divergent media outlets with varied political orientations. Using narrative analysis, I further investigated how narratives in the Hungarian media consolidate the support and opposition to the CATL project. The findings shed light on the controversial debate over the case of CATL in Hungary and offer significant implications for Hungary and other integrated peripheral countries competing for foreign battery-related investments. Moreover, the findings suggest the importance of implementing locally tailored corporate social responsibility initiatives to ensure the successful and long-term development of Chinese investments in the host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic Fe3O4 resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) resin core–shell composites loaded with Au nanoparticles (Fe3O4@RF-Au) were prepared via a hydrothermal photoreduction strategy for efficient production of H2O2 and degradation of tetracycline (TC). Under visible light illumination, Fe3O4@RF-Au reduced oxygen to produce H2O2 through a two-electron reduction pathway. Fe(II) simultaneously catalysed the decomposition of H2O2 to generate⋅OH for the degradation of TC. The Fe3O4@RF-Au2 photocatalyst demonstrated the highest photodegradation efficiency of 96.8% against TC and a high H2O2 yield of ~326 µmol L−1 in an open atmosphere, which was enhanced 6.5 times that of Fe3O4@RF. The introduction of RF coating and plasmonic Au nanoparticles significantly enhanced the light-harvesting efficiency, O2 adsorption capacity, photogenerated carrier migration, and separation, thereby boosting the photocatalytic performance. This study provides a promising photocatalyst for in situ production of H2O2 and remediation of antibiotic-contaminated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although protein subunit vaccines generally have acceptable safety profiles with precise antigenic content, limited immunogenicity can lead to unsatisfactory humoral and cellular immunity and the need for vaccine adjuvants and delivery system. Herein, we assess a vaccine adjuvant system comprising Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) and cobalt porphyrin polymeric micelles that enabling the display of His-tagged antigen on its surface. The nanoscale micelles promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell activation to induce robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and germinal center formation. Using the recombinant protein antigens from influenza A and rabies virus, the micelle adjuvant system elicited robust antiviral responses and protected mice from lethal challenge. In addition, this system could be combined with other antigens to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in models of three highly pathogenic viral pathogens: Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Nipah virus. Collectively, our results demonstrate this polymeric micelle adjuvant system can be used as a potent nanoplatform for developing antiviral vaccine countermeasures that promote humoral and cellular immunity. Synopsis: To address the limited immunogenicity of current protein subunit vaccines and improve the surface display of antigens, a universal nanoplatform based on cobalt porphyrin (PLA-Pyro-Co2+) and Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) was developed for antiviral vaccines. Polymeric micelles (PPCD) were designed to deliver adjuvants and display antigens. This co-delivery system significantly improved the immune effect of protein vaccines. HA@PPCDQ nanovaccine rapidly accumulated in the lymph nodes, activating DCs and promoting antigen presentation and inducing a strong antigen‐specific T cell response. HA@PPCDQ micelles promoted germinal center formation, inducing high-titer antibody production and protecting mice from lethal IAV challenge. PPCDQ nanocarrier provided a universal vaccine platform for multiple pathogenic pathogens including IAV, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, and rabies virus. To address the limited immunogenicity of current protein subunit vaccines and improve the surface display of antigens, a universal nanoplatform based on cobalt porphyrin (PLA-Pyro-Co2+) and Quillaja Saponaria-21(QS-21) was developed for antiviral vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]