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Chestnut pellicle has attracted lots of interests for its rich polyphenol content. However, little is known about the investigation of antioxidant activity of its different solvent extractions and applications in oil and oil-based food preservation. Here, we investigated the polyphenol contents of three chestnut pellicle extracts (CPEs) using different extractant, and found that chestnut pellicle ethanol extract (CPEE) exhibited the highest contents of total phenolic, while chestnut pellicle water extract (CPWE) possessed the highest contents of total flavonoid. What's more, chestnut pellicle ethyl acetate extract (CPEAE) exhibited excellent radical scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical. Additionally, CPEAE significantly reduced the lipid peroxide value (PV) in rapeseed oil and lard system. Finally, HPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis demonstrated that CPEAE mainly contained oligomers of procyanidins and glycosides. These results suggested that chestnut pellicle may be a new potential source of antioxidant and promising candidate of natural additive in cooking oil preservation and other functional foods development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chestnut shell, a by-product of chestnut processing, is rich in bioactive polyphenols, which can be divided into extractable polyphenols (EPs) and non-extractable phenols (NEPs). The EPs have arisen a lot of interests, while NEPs combined with cellulose in the residue are ignored. This work describes the development of a traditional ethanol extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols (EPs), and the residue was treated by alkaline hydrolysis to prepare NEPs optimized by Box–Behnken experimental designs. The total phenolic contents and the scavenging effects of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals were measured. Using UPLC–ESI-MS/MS technology, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), qualitative and quantitative analysis and difference analysis of EPs and NEPs were carried out. Optimal extraction conditions to extract NEPs by alkaline hydrolysis method were obtained, and the content of polyphenols obtained from NEPs was significantly higher than that of EPs. EPs have the higher scavenging effects of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals than NEPs. A total of 466 polyphenol compounds were detected. Among them, EPs are rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, lignans coumarins and quinones, while phenolic acids were dominant in NEPs, which provides a reference for the utilization of polyphenols from the chestnut shell. Both EPs and NEPs are abundant in phenolic composition, although there were significant differences in the compositional situation. Notably, NEPs are a widespread source of polyphenols but have not received much attention in practical applications. This study can provide a basis for the reuse of chestnut waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the fracture strength of angulated hybrid abutments supporting anterior single crowns on narrow-diameter implants (NDIs). Material and methods: Zirconia abutment with angulations of labial inclination 0° (TZ0Z), 15° (TZ15Z), 30° (TZ30Z) and palatal inclination 15° (TZ − 15Z) was designed on 3.3-mm titanium-zirconium (Ti–Zr) NDIs. Titanium abutment connected with Ti–Zr implant (TZ0T) and 0° zirconia abutment connected with pure titanium (Ti) implant (T0Z) were control groups. Thirty-six un-restored abutments and 36 abutments restored with highly translucent zirconia (HTZ) crowns were tested. Failure loads were compared among 6 groups, and bending moments were calculated for comparison between un-restored and restored abutments. Results: Failure loads of un-restored abutments were affected by the abutment angle. Sixty-seven percent samples in TZ30Z and 83% samples in TZ − 15Z group fractured at the thinnest part of the zirconia abutment and exhibited lower failure load (p <.05). Failure loads of restored abutments were close to or exceeded the maximum bite force of anterior teeth, and no differences were found among six groups (p >.05). Except TZ15Z and TZ0T group, the bending moment increased with the crown construction, especially for TZ30Z and TZ − 15Z groups (p <.001). Conclusions: The fracture strength of hybrid abutments restored with HTZ crown on Ti–Zr NDIs exceeded the bite forces of anterior teeth for all the groups and were not affected by the abutment angle. Clinical relevance: In terms of fracture strength, Ti–Zr NDIs combined with angulated hybrid abutments and HTZ crowns can be used in the anterior region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenol compounds are widely found in natural plants and they are attracting a lot of interests in their functional activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, liver-protection, anti-bacteria, neuroprotection, anti-obesity, and other related effects. However, the mechanisms of polyphenolic functional activities are still limited. Although chemical reagent methods have been widely used to study various polyphenol activities, it is difficult to deeply investigate the specific mechanism of polyphenol activities in vivo only by chemical methods. Recently, as a method to discover biomarkers associated with polyphenol activities, foodomics technique including proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics technique was developed to study the mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the worldwide research advances of polyphenolic functional activities using foodomics techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced aluminum matrix composite was fabricated by ultrasonic metal welding. The composite microstructure was investigated using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and microhardness of the composite were measured. The nanotubes were confirmed to be embedded into the metal matrix while maintaining their multiwalled structure. Measurements revealed that the mechanical properties and microhardness were obviously enhanced, the welded interface remained smooth, and no reactant was produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]