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The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii distributed from tropical to subtropical regions, is a warm-water species, and its survival temperature is 14–35 °C, which greatly limits its culture cycle and culture area in China. Therefore, it is urgent to cultivate a new high quality, high yield variety with improved cold-resistance, but the genetic parameters for cold-resistance traits are unknown in M. rosenbergii. In this study, the cold-resistance of adult M. rosenbergii populations was tested using the indoor artificial cooling method. Individuals were selected from 139 families of Shufeng G3 generation and cultured for 200 days. A linear mixed model was constructed by ASReml-R to evaluate the genetic parameters of the cold-resistance trait (cooling degree hours, CDH) and growth traits (body weight, BW, and body length, BL) based on the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. The results show that the heritability of CDH was low (0.12±0.05), while the growth traits (BW and BL) had low to moderate heritability, with 0.20±0.06 for BW and 0.06±0.04 for BL. The phenotypic and genetic correlation between BW and BL was significantly positive, but significantly negative phenotypic and genetic correlations were detected between CDH and BW and between CDH and BL. Furthermore, the analysis of the differences between cold-resistance and phenotypic traits showed that the female reproductive status, exoskeleton hardness and claw number of adult prawns had a great influence on the cold-resistance of M. rosenbergii (P<0.05), indicating that adults with claws and hard exoskeletons are preferred as parents in subsequent breeding selection. The present results can be attributed to the selection and breeding of a new cold-resistant variety of M. rosenbergii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Chloro-2-pentanone (5C2P) and its derivatives are widely utilized in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. A new catalytic approach was proposed to convert 3-acetyl-1-propanol to 5C2P using bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate (triphosgene, BTC) as the efficient chlorine source. Various qualitative and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance techniques (1H, 13C NMR), especially 1D selective gradient total correlation spectroscopy (Sel-TOCSY) and 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlation (1H-13C HSQC) were used in the process. The reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, mole ratio, solvent as well as initiator were optimized. Experiment results showed that the yield of 5C2P reached a maximum of 97.93% in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C after 2 h under the initiation of N,N-dimethylacetamide, and the optimal molar ratio of 3-acetyl-1-propanol to BTC was 1:0.4. The reaction mechanism was proposed and confirmed accordingly. Interestingly, an intermediate product of 1-(dimethylamino)ethyl carbonochloridate was observed, and its chemical structure was characterized by both Sel-TOCSY and 1H-13C HSQC. This study enriched the catalytic reaction ways for the preparation of 5C2P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Evaluating the intervention effect of PC6 acupressure on chemotherapy-induced acute, delayed nausea, and vomiting in malignant tumor patients. Method: Eleven databases had been retrieved from January 2010 through January 2022. The published meta-analysis literature was hand-searched, and the language was limited to English and Chinese. The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022323693). Two reviewers independently selected relevant eligible articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was statistically analyzed using software RevMan 5.3. Result: Ten randomized controlled trials with 975 patients were included. Only two studies were assessed as high quality; eight studies were evaluated as moderate. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, PC6 acupressure reduced the occurrence number of acute (SMD = −0.39,95CI (−0.73, −0.05) P = 0.02), delayed (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI (−0.96, −0.05) P = 0.03) nausea and acute (SMD = −0.42,95% CI (−0.79, −0.06) P = 0.02), delayed (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI (−0.77, 0.03) P = 0.07) vomiting; it reduced the severity of acute (SMD = −0.34, 95% CI (−0.57, −0.11) P = 0.004), delayed (SMD = −0.79, 95% CI (−1.33, −0.25) P = 0.004) nausea and acute (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI (−0.79, −0.23) P = 0.0004), delayed (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI (−0.84, −0.17) P = 0.003) vomiting, while it did not reduced the experience time on acute and delayed CINV. Conclusion: The meta-analysis shows the effectiveness of PC6 acupressure in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting. Large, high-quality, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to determine the efficacy of PC6 acupressure on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The therapeutic effect of chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) on ischemic diseases of the lower limbs varies greatly among individuals. The time to peak (TTP) response in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can reflect the perfusion disorder of the calf skeletal muscle and the collateral circulation. In this study we evaluated the predictive value of CEUS in patients treated with CLS for end-stage atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity (ASO-LE). Methods: This was a prospective study that included patients with end-stage ASO-LE and moderate to severe pain who had undergone a CEUS examination and CLS procedure and who were observed for 12 months after surgery. The patients' characteristics and prognostic factors, including lower limb pain score, skin temperature, walking distance, and ulcer and gangrene healing, were recorded. Results: Fifty-eight patients with a mean age of 66.24 (range 58–78) years were included in the study, of whom 42 (71.41%) were men. Following the CLS procedure, the numerical rating scale (NRS)-measured pain decreased significantly, and the skin temperature of the affected limb increased significantly (P < 0.05). The satisfaction rate of lower limb pain relief 1 year after operation was 53.45%. Correlation analysis showed that preoperative TTP response was correlated with the NRS score and skin temperature of the affected limb at 6 months and 12 months post surgery (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that a longer preoperative TTP response was associated with a higher risk of poor pain relief after CLS (odds ratio 1.126, 95% confidence interval 1.058–1.205). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that preoperative TTP response had a certain predictive value on CLS treatment effect, with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.5% and 83.9%, respectively. When the preoperative TTP response was > 77.5, the risk of poor response after CLS increased. Conclusions: Preoperative TTP response was able to predict the therapeutic effect of CLS to a certain extent, and thus may aid physicians in determining the choice of CLS treatment for patients with ASO-LE. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChicTR1900028424 (principal investigator: Yue Wu; date of registration: 21 December 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]