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In response to the inaccurate estimation of State of Charge (SOC) in current power battery management systems, and considering that SOC may be subject to offset constraints from State of Health (SOH) when estimated separately. A method combining adaptive robust Kalman filtering with multiple innovation theories and online identification of dual Kalman filtering parameters is proposed. This control method is based on adaptive robust Kalman control. It corrects the estimated values using multiple innovation values and Kalman gains at different times. Dual Kalman filtering is used for online parameter identification and joint estimation of battery health status, which increases the amount of error information and provides an optimized method for accurate estimation of SOC and SOH. To verify the rationality of the algorithm, a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is used to characterize the dynamic characteristics of the battery, and experimental verification is carried out under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the average error of SOC under three operating conditions: UDDS, FUDS, and US06 is 0.56%, 0.31%, and 1.23%, respectively. The estimated error of SOH after stabilization is less than 1.73%. The estimation error is the lowest among the five estimation algorithms. The proposed algorithm has been verified to have good accuracy and convergence. The multi-innovation adaptive robust dual Kalman filtering algorithm provides a theoretical basis for accurate state estimation and widespread application of lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease refractory to all targeted and immune therapies. However, our understanding of PDAC microenvironment especially the metastatic microenvironment is very limited partly due to the inaccessibility to metastatic tumor tissues. Here, we present the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of synchronously resected PDAC primary tumors and matched liver metastases. We perform comparative analysis on both cellular composition and functional phenotype between primary and metastatic tumors. Tumor cells exhibit distinct transcriptomic profile in liver metastasis with clearly defined evolutionary routes from cancer cells in primary tumor. We also identify specific subtypes of stromal and immune cells critical to the formation of the pro-tumor microenvironment in metastatic lesions, including RGS5+ cancer-associated fibroblasts, CCL18+ lipid-associated macrophages, S100A8+ neutrophils and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Cellular interactome analysis further reveals that the lack of tumor-immune cell interaction in metastatic tissues contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape of PDAC liver metastasis. The metastatic tumour microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be explored. Here, the authors perform single cell RNA sequencing analysis for synchronously resected PDAC primary tumours and matched liver metastases and find differences in cellular composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can be effective against clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but many patients show no benefit. Tumor-derived pericytes (TDPs) may promote tumor progression by influencing T cells and are an immunotherapy target; however, they may comprise functionally distinct subtypes. We aimed to identify markers of tumor-promoting TDPs and develop TDP-targeting strategies to enhance ICB therapy effectiveness against ccRCC. Methods: We analyzed the relationship between endosialin (EN) expression and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration in ccRCC tumor samples using flow cytometry and in a ccRCC-bearing mice inhibited for EN via knockout or antibody-mediated blockade. The function of ENhigh TDPs in CTL infiltration and tumor progression was analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from ccRCC tissue-derived TDPs and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from an online database. The role of EN in TDP proliferation and migration and in CTL infiltration was examined in vitro. Finally, we examined the anti-tumor effect of combined anti-EN and anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies in ccRCC-bearing mice. Results: High EN expression was associated with low CTL infiltration in ccRCC tissues, and inhibition of EN significantly increased CTL infiltration in ccRCC-bearing mice. RNA-seq and scRNA-seq analyses indicated that high EN expression represented the TDP activation state. EN promoted TDP proliferation and migration and impeded CTL infiltration in vitro. Finally, combined treatment with anti-EN and anti-PD-1 antibodies synergistically enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusion: ENhigh TDPs are in an activated state and inhibit CTL infiltration into ccRCC tissues. Combined treatment with anti-EN and anti-PD-1 antibodies may improve ICB therapy effectiveness against ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-human primates are attractive laboratory animal models that accurately reflect both developmental and pathological features of humans. Here we present a compendium of cell types across multiple organs in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using both single-cell chromatin accessibility and RNA sequencing data. The integrated cell map enables in-depth dissection and comparison of molecular dynamics, cell-type compositions and cellular heterogeneity across multiple tissues and organs. Using single-cell transcriptomic data, we infer pseudotime cell trajectories and cell-cell communications to uncover key molecular signatures underlying their cellular processes. Furthermore, we identify various cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and construct organ-specific gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level. Finally, we perform comparative analyses of single-cell landscapes among mouse, monkey and human. We show that cynomolgus monkey has strikingly higher degree of similarities in terms of immune-associated gene expression patterns and cellular communications to human than mouse. Taken together, our study provides a valuable resource for non-human primate cell biology. Non-human primates are attractive laboratory animal models that can accurately reflect some developmental and pathological features of humans. Here the authors chart a reference cell map of cynomolgus monkeys using both scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq data across multiple organs, providing insights into the molecular dynamics and cellular heterogeneity of this organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, computer simulation technology was used to design the pre-polymerization system of Tebuconazole Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (TBZ-MIPs). The simulation results illustrated that the best functional monomer was MAA, the polymerization solvent was acetonitrile, and the ratio of TBZ to MAA was 1:3. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the self-assembly process of TBZ-MAA was a non-spontaneous endothermic reaction, and the appropriate pre-polymerization temperature was 30 ℃. Based on the computer simulation results, the TBZ-MIPs nanospheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization with TBZ as template molecule, MAA as functional monomer, EGDMA as crosslinking agent, AIBN as initiator, and acetonitrile as solvent. The nanospheres had a uniform particle size, and the average diameter was 188.83 nm. Adsorption experiments indicated that the TBZ-MIPs had good specific adsorption capacity for TBZ and its structural analogs, the maximum dynamic adsorption capacity could reach to 1.8 mg/g in 60 min. Further, the TBZ-MIPs nanospheres were used as the filler of the solid phase extraction tube to pretreat the tobacco samples, and the method of TBZ-MISPE-UHPLC-MS/MS was established to detect trace tebuconazole, myclobutanil and triadimenol in tobacco leaves simultaneously. Their average recovery rates and RSD were 70.5% ~ 110.17%, and 0.78% ~ 12.71% (n = 3) respectively, which realized trace detection of triazole fungicides in tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the most common malignancy whose early diagnosis can ensure a better prognosis. However, the predictive accuracy of commonly used predictors, including patients' general condition, histological grade, and pathological stage, is insufficient to identify the patients who need invasive treatment. Autophagy is regarded as a vital factor in maintaining mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in cancer cells. Whether autophagy-related genes (ARGs) can predict the prognosis of BLCA patients deserves to be investigated. Based on BLCA data retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas and ARGs list obtained from the Human Autophagy Database website, we identified prognosis-related differentially expressed ARGs (PDEARGs) through Wilcox text and constructed a PDEARGs-based prognostic model through multivariate Cox regression analysis. The predictive accuracy, independent forecasting capability, and the correlation between present model and clinical variables or tumor microenvironment were evaluated through R software. Enrichment analysis of PDEARGs was performed to explore the underlying mechanism, and a systematic prognostic signature with nomogram was constructed by integrating clinical variables and the aforementioned PDEARGs-based model. We found that the risk score generated by PDEARGs-based model could effectively reflect deteriorated clinical variables and tumor-promoting microenvironment. Additionally, several immune-related gene ontology terms were significantly enriched by PDEARGs, which might provide insights for present model and propose potential therapeutic targets for BLCA patients. Finally, a systematic prognostic signature with promoted clinical utility and predictive accuracy was constructed to assist clinician decision. PDEARGs are valuable prognostic predictors and potential therapeutic targets for BLCA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) has been harnessed for multi-million-ton scale production of glutamate and lysine. To further increase its amino acid production for fermentation industry, there is an acute need to develop next-generation genome manipulation tool for its metabolic engineering. All reported methods for genome editing triggered with CRISPR-Cas are based on the homologous recombination. While, it requires the generation of DNA repair template, which is a bottle-neck for its extensive application. Results: In this study, we developed a method for gene knockout in C. glutamicum via CRISPR-Cpf1-coupled non-homologous end-joining (CC-NHEJ). Specifically, CRISPR-Cpf1 introduced double-strand breaks in the genome of C. glutamicum, which was further repaired by ectopically expressed two NHEJ key proteins (Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ku and ligase D). We provide the proof of concept, for CC-NHEJ, by the successful knockout of the crtYf/e gene in C. glutamicum with the efficiency of 22.00 ± 5.56%, or something like that. Conclusion: The present study reported a novel genome manipulation method for C. glutamicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed at assessing the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4–20 ng/ml and to compare its efficacy with that of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). We analyzed the data of 67 consecutive patients with PSA levels of 4–20 ng/ml who almost simultaneously underwent 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT and mpMRI. 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT and mpMRI diagnostic performances were compared via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Of the 67 suspected PCa cases, 33 had pathologically confirmed PCa. 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs) of 87.88%, 88.24%, 87.88%, and 88.24%, respectively. The corresponding values for mpMRI were 84.85%, 52.94%, 63.64%, and 78.26%. The area under the curve values for 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT and mpMRI were 0.881 and 0.689, respectively. 68Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT showed a better diagnostic performance than mpMRI in the detection of PCa in patients with PSA levels of 4–20 ng/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated changes in volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) of rose plants (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) after treatment with tenuazonic acid (TeA). TeA is a toxin produced by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and is a key virulence factor for infection of the plants by the fungus. VOCs were collected in situ separately from intact live twigs of healthy and TeA-treated rose plants by dynamic headspace adsorption (DHSA) or from cut twigs of healthy and treated roses by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrum (GC–MS). VOC emissions changed significantly after the plants were treated with TeA based on the results obtained with both methods. GC–MS and chemometrical analysis show that the content of monoterpenes significantly increased the most, followed by ketones and alcohols, whereas sesquiterpenes decreased significantly, resulting from the induction by TeA. Twelve VOCs were emitted at significantly higher or lower levels from TeA-treated roses compared with healthy roses. After TeA treatment, the content of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone increased by 80.1% (DHSA) and 67.8% (HS-SPME) while β-elemene decreased by 84.93% (DHSA) and 71.21% (HS-SPME). Butyl acetate, allo-ocimene, decanol and tetradecanol with their relatively large contents were detected only from TeA-treated roses as early as 2–4 days after treatment with TeA. This means that theses VOCs could be used as the markers for the detection of the fungus infection in rose plants before disease symptoms become visible. The obvious temporal effects of the changes in contents of these four VOCs were also recorded. The results will help to understand the chemical mechanisms of indirect plant-mediated interactions between phytopathogens and herbivorous insects in the ternary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi) has been known as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. Stable free-standing two-dimensional Bi monolayer (Bismuthene) structures have been predicted theoretically, but never realized experimentally. Here, we show the first simple large-scale synthesis of free-standing Bismuthene, to our knowledge, and demonstrate its high electrocatalytic efficiency for formate (HCOO−) formation from CO2 reduction reaction. The catalytic performance is evident by the high Faradaic efficiency (99% at −580 mV vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE)), small onset overpotential (<90 mV) and high durability (no performance decay after 75 h and annealing at 400 °C). Density functional theory calculations show the structure-sensitivity of the CO2 reduction reaction over Bismuthene and thicker nanosheets, suggesting that selective formation of HCOO− indeed can proceed easily on Bismuthene (111) facet due to the unique compressive strain. This work paves the way for the extensive experimental investigation of Bismuthene in many different fields. Stable free-standing two-dimensional Bi monolayer (Bismuthene) structures have been predicted theoretically, but never realized experimentally. Here, the authors show a large-scale synthesis of free-standing Bismuthene and its electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to formate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-yield strength and deformation characteristics of rock salt are of great significance in the analysis of progressive failure and convergence of rock surrounding the deep underground storage areas. The post-yield stress state of rock salt is assumed to satisfy the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, and a dilation angle can be used to describe the volumetric deformation. The post-yield mobilized cohesion, internal friction angle, and dilation angle were obtained based on the complete stress-strain curves under different confining pressures. The post-yield evolution laws of strength components and the dilation angle of rock salt were studied. A nonlinear cohesion weakening-friction strengthening model and a dilation angle model with respect to the equivalent plastic strain and confining stress were proposed using nonlinear fitting methods. The new models were then implemented into the FLAC software to verify that they could capture the post-yield strain hardening/softening and volumetric behaviors of rock salt reasonably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A set of multi-fluid equations and Maxwell's equations are carried out to investigate the properties of nonlinear fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves with the combined effects of dusty plasma pressure and transverse perturbation in the bounded cylindrical geometry. The reductive perturbation method has been applied to the dynamical system causeway and the derived two dimensional cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (CKP) predicts different natures of solitons in complex plasma. Under a suitable coordinate transformation the CKP equation can be solved analytically. The change in the soliton structure due to mass of dust, ion temperature, ion density, and dust temperature is studied by numerical calculation of the CKP equation. It is noted that the dust cylindrical fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves in warm plasmas may disappear slowly because of an increase in dust mass. The present analysis could be helpful for understanding the nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves propagating in interstellar medium and pulsar wind,which contain an excess of superthermal particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytes play an important role in protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from five different parts (root, stem, petiole, leaf and seed) of Panax notoginseng and evaluated for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Ralstonia sp. and Meloidogyne hapla, three major pathogens associated with root-rot disease complex of P. notoginseng. From 1000 endophytic bacterial strains evaluated in vitro, 104 strains exhibited antagonistic properties against at least one of these three pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these 104 antagonistic bacteria belong to four clusters: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes /Chlorobi. Members of the Firmicutes, in particular the Bacillus spp., were predominant in all analyzed tissues. The root was the main reservoir for antagonistic bacteria. Of the 104 antagonists, 51 strains showed antagonistic activities to one pathogen only, while 43 and 10 displayed the activities towards two and all three pathogens, respectively. The most dominant species in all tissues were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp . plantarum and Bacillus methylotrophicus, which were represented by eight strains with broad antagonistic spectrum to the all three test pathogens of root-rot disease complex of P. notoginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of ricin temperature response gel on breast cancer and its regulatory effect on immune function in rats. Methods: Ricin was purified by chromatography and identified by immunoblotting. The rat subcutaneously transplanted breast cancer model was established. Forty model rats with a tumor diameter of about 3.0 cm were subjected to the study. They were randomized into four groups equally: the model group and three treated groups (blank gel, ricin, ricin-gel) were administered with blank gel, ricin, and ricin temperature response gel via percutaneous intratumor injection, respectively. The tumor was isolated 10 days later for the estimation of tumor inhibition rate (TIR) by weighing, pathologic examination, and detection of tumor apoptosis-associated genes bcl-2 and bax with semiquantitative RT-PCR. Also, peripheral blood was obtained to test T-lymphocyte subsets, the killing function of lymphocytes, and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The TIR in the ricin-gel group was 61.8%, with the pathologic examination showing extensive tumor tissue necrosis. Compared with the model group, after ricin temperature response gel treatment, bcl-2 expression was down-regulated, bax expression was up-regulated, CD4 lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 /CD8 ratio in peripheral blood were increased, the killing function of lymphocytes was enhanced, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-2 were elevated ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Intratumor injection of ricin temperature-responsive gel showed significant antitumor effect on breast cancer and could enhance the immune function in the tumor-bearing rat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T91 (9Cr1MoVNb), the martensitic heat-resistant steel, is widely applied in industries like power generation, petrochemical, nuclear, etc., and a wealth of researches has been conducted on its properties so far. However, actually for China, T91 was begun to be domestically manufactured only from the end of last century. Hence, thorough assessments of the China-made T91 steels are always urgently required, especially for its welded joints. In this paper, the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructures of the welded joints of one China-made T91 steel was experimentally discussed. Moreover, aging test and creep rupture test were utilized for both analyzing the heat strength and predicting the service life of the joints. Results showed that welded joints of this China-made T91 steel could exhibit sufficient strength under the operating conditions of most nuclear reactors used nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated M-GX18, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mango (Guangxi Province, China). The isolate produced nematicidal volatile compounds with activities against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The organism was motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, spore-forming and rod shaped. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acid profiles were iso-C, anteiso-C and iso-C. The DNA G+C content was 38.9%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this organism represented a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Strain M-GX18 exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with its closest neighbors Lysinibacillus sphaericus (98.5%), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (98.1%) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus (98.6%). The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness data, indicate that strain M-GX18 can be distinguished from all the related species of the genus Lysinibacillus. Therefore, on the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic data presented, a new species of the genus Lysinibacillus, Lysinibacillus mangiferahumi, with the type strain M-GX18 (=DSM 24076 = CCTCC AB 2010389) is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for active toxins for managing weeds or plant diseases is believed to be a promising avenue of investigation. However, the effects of Alternaria toxins on insects have just begun to be investigated. Bioactivities of toxins from four strains of Alternaria alternata on Rosa chinensis and rose aphid Macrosiphum rosivorum were tested in the present study. At a concentration of 50.0 μg/ml, the crude extract (toxin) of strain 7484 was found not to be harmful to rose plants with excised leaf-puncture method ( P≥0.079), and rose plants showed enhanced resistance to rose aphids when this Alternaria toxin was sprayed on the plants ( P≤0.001). However, this toxin caused no detrimental effects on aphids in insecticidal bioassay at a concentration of 10.0 to 160.0 μg/ml ( P≥0.096). Therefore, the Alternaria toxin had significantly induced the resistance of rose plants against rose aphids, demonstrating that the resistance mechanism triggered by the Alternaria toxin in the rose plant may also be used by the plant to defend itself against insects. Further bioassays aimed to discover the olfactory responses of aphids to the toxin-induced volatiles of host plants. The aphids were significantly more attracted to both volatiles emitted and collected from control rose plants than to both volatiles emitted and collected from the toxin-treated rose plants ( P≤0.014). This result showed that the toxin-induced resistance related to the volatile changes of host plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:To assess a novel hormone replacement therapy (HRT) paradigm using raloxifene, aspirin combined with estrogen in rabbit model of menopause.Methods:Female New Zealand white rabbits were ovariectomized or sham-operated. The ovariectomized rabbits were divided into 7 groups: estradiol valerate (E2), raloxifene, aspirin, E2 /raloxifene, E2/aspirin, E2 /raloxifene/aspirin and vehicle. Two weeks after the operation, the rabbits were administered the above drugs for 12 weeks. Then, the mammary glands were examined histologically, uterus was weighted, and blood sample was collected for analyzing the levels of estrogen, serum lipids and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and platelet aggregation. The aortic tissue was examined morphometrically.Results:Compared with E2 0.1 mg·kg−1·d−1 treatment alone, the pairing of raloxifene 10 mg·kg−1·d−1 with E2 significantly decreased the extent of mammary gland branches and ducts (5.53%±1.23% vs 15.4%±2.17%, P<0.01), as well as the uterine weight (2.16±0.35 g vs 4.91±0.75 g, P<0.01). However, E2/raloxifene or E2 alone treatment significantly stimulated platelet aggregation relative to vehicle group. Addition of aspirin 5 mg·kg−1·d−1 reduced platelet aggregation to almost the same level as the vehicle group. E2 treatment exerted a positive effect on serum lipids and MCP-1, and a regression in aortic intimal plaque size compared to the vehicle. Raloxifene reinforced the positive effects of E2.Conclusion:The combination of raloxifene, aspirin and E2 exhibits positive lipid, MCP-1 and atherosclerotic responses with minimal stimulation of breast and uterine tissues as well as platelet aggregation in a rabbit model of the menopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which investigated the volatile components of Ainsliaea (A.) pertyoides' essential oils. The essential oils were obtained from dried and fresh materials of Ainsliaea pertyoides. It reveals that the major constituents of the oils from the materials include sesquiterpenes, aliphatics, and monoterpenes.