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Quantum visual secret sharing scheme combines the traditional visual secret sharing scheme with quantum properties to improve the security of secret information. However, all existing quantum visual secret sharing schemes encode a single pixel as a quantum superposition state. Each pixel requires n qubits for encoding. The number of qubits required grows proportionally to the number of pixels, which is unfavorable when the secret image is large. To reduce the number of qubits used, we propose a (n, n)-threshold quantum visual secret sharing scheme based on position superposition. In the secret sharing phase, the position and the encoded color corresponding to the position of the image are encoded as a quantum superposition state simultaneously. The whole secret image is encoded only once instead of encoding individual pixels. Only 2 m + n qubits are required for a secret image of size 2 m × 2 m . Then, the qubits encoding the position and the color of the secret image are distributed to n participants. In the recovery phase, n participants work together to recover the secret image by a quantum XOR operation on the qubits encoding the color. Simulations have been carried out to verify the practical feasibility of this scheme. Our scheme reduces the number of qubits used in the secret sharing process compared to previous quantum visual secret sharing schemes. In addition, there is no need to design the codebook in advance and the secret image can be fully recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secret sharing is an important encryption technique in the field of information security. It can ensure the security of secret information. Textured 3D (three-dimensional) mesh model is an information carrier with a large amount of non-integer data. Therefore it takes longer time and computation to share them compared to 2D (two-dimensional) digital images. In this paper, different circuit modules are designed to accelerate the generation of shares and reconstruction of secrets. The hardware architecture enables security while sharing less data. In the data preprocessing phase, the correlation of the edge points of the texture vertices is utilized to filter the texture vertices, which reduces the amount of data to be shared. In the share generation phase, random factors are added. It makes the shares more secure and does not require group reconstruction. Simulation results show that the structure is more than 70 times faster compared to the software implementation. The optimized resource utilization is reduced by more than 60 % . The feasibility of the hardware architecture is verified by conducting experiments on several models and analyzing the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secret sharing can protect the security of important secret information in the network environment. However, the computational complexity and processing delay increase drastically when the secret information contains large amounts of data, such as three-dimensional (3D) data cubes. To improve the efficiency of secret sharing on 3D data cubes, this paper proposes a hardware architecture to accelerate the generation of shares and reconstruction of the secret. The proposed hardware architecture parallelizes the secret sharing process and optimizes on this basis to save large amounts of circuit resources. Simulation results show that this architecture performs secret sharing more than ten times faster than the software implementation. This study enables the secret sharing of 3D data cubes, which protect large amounts of data information throughout the process and allows complete reconstruction of 3D data cubes. To be able to handle secrets without decoding them, we then extend the hardware architecture to the four basic processes of multi-party computation, demonstrating the feasibility of the structure and providing preliminary research tools for the effective implementation of multi-party computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantum visual encryption scheme utilizes quantum property to encrypt secret information, which increases the security of secret information. However, its share images are meaningless noisy images. Therefore, the share image is vulnerable to be attacked after quantum measurement. To further improve the security of image data transmission, we propose a (n, n) quantum meaningful visual encryption scheme. The scheme consists of two phases, the encryption phase and the recovery phase. The secret image is a binary image and n cover images are halftone images. In the encryption phase, either the secret image pixel or the cover image pixel is randomly selected for encryption by a quantum selection circuit. The color information of each pixel of the secret image and the cover image is then encoded as n-qubit superposition state. Finally, these qubits are divided among the n participants. In the recovery stage, n participants work together to collect all the qubits of each pixel and perform n-qubit OR operation to recover the secret information. Simulations were carried out to verify the feasibility of this scheme. The share images in this scheme are meaningful and retain the advantage of single-pixel parallel processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient's medical health record (PMHR) has always provided a large amount of research data to medical institutions and pharmaceutical companies, etc., and has contributed to the development in medical research. However, such PMHR data contains the patient's personal privacy and should be shared under the control of the patients, not the hospital where this data is acquired. In order to protect the privacy of PMHR data while realizing efficient data sharing, this paper proposes a blockchain-based sharing and protection scheme. In this solution, the PMHR data are encrypted and stored in a cloud server, which is equipped with an access control scheme implemented as a smart contract on a blockchain. Different from previous works, in order to ensure efficient access and reduce the workload of patients, the types of users who can apply for access are limited to hospitals and pharmaceutical companies. In order to resist the potential Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, we have introduced an improved proxy re-encryption scheme to ensure the secrecy of PMHR data while reducing the computational complexity. The whole system is implemented using Solidity and tested on 10 nodes for function verification. Experimental result shows that the proposed system is more efficient than previous systems. Security under the MITM attack is also ensured by security analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of quantum image steganography, the visual effect of the image has always been the focus of scholars’ research. Based on the classical Gray code algorithm and the least significant bit (LSB) algorithm, a novel quantum image steganography algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the Arnold scrambling method is used to scramble the information image. In the meantime, the scrambled information image is expanded to the same size as the carrier image by using the quantum expansion method. Secondly, the double-layer Gray code rule is applied to the carrier pixels. This operation can reduce the change rate of LSB of carrier pixels. At the same time, the key image used in the extracting phase is generated. The key image improves the security of the algorithm. The classical Gray code algorithm needs to change 50% bits of the LSB of the carrier pixels when embedding. The proposed algorithm in this paper only needs to change 25% bits of the LSB of the carrier pixels when embedding. The PSNR value of the algorithm proposed in this paper can be around 54dB in the visual effect experiment, which is around 3dB higher than that of the classical Gray code algorithm. The robustness experiment is also better compared with other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual cryptography scheme (VCS) is a kind of secret sharing scheme that only relies on human visual system (HVS) without complicated calculation. In this paper, a novel visual cryptography scheme for multiple secrets is proposed which hides n − 1 (n is odd) secret images by n shares and can fully recover secret images by XOR. In this scheme, each share is divided into n regions and then basic matrices are designed for different regions. The basic matrix of each region is determined by one or two specific secret images. When any m (m is even) shares are acquired, m secret images can be obtained by XOR. In this way, when interceptors do not obtain n − 1 shares, they will mistakenly think that they have obtained all the secret images and reduce the suspicion to give up further interception. Only when the receiver obtains any n − 1 shares for XOR operation, it can get n − 1 complete recovered secret images. The final regions of the secret images will be different with different selected sharing group. The experiment proves that when n takes an odd value, no secret image can be obtained from any odd shares and this scheme has good security. In addition, this paper also analyzes the case that n is even, and gives the suitable solution. The new solution proves the flexibility and scalability of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual cryptography (VC) is a technique that can encrypt images without complicated calculation. As the image, the quick response (QR) code can also be encrypted by VC to ensure its safe transmission on the network. In recent years, VC has developed rapidly. The original VC has been developed into many forms, such as (n, n)-VC, (k, n)-VC. These new VC schemes can be applied to the QR code to make it more secure in the network. This paper proposes a new VC scheme for the QR code by using the mechanism of the error correction code (ECC). ECC is used to control the number of shares to recover whether the secret QR code can be decoded correctly. The codewords in the same block of the QR code are evenly distributed to each share. If the number of shares is less than the threshold, the restored QR code will not be decoded correctly. The number of wrong codewords exceeds its error correction capability. The theoretical analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure when the standard decoder is used. The experimental results also prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image self-recovery watermarking is to embed the main content of an image into the image itself, which provides the image with the ability to recover tampered information. In this paper, image self-recovery watermarking is introduced into quantum watermarking, and a novel tamper localization and self-recovery watermarking scheme for quantum images is proposed. The presented scheme takes 2 × 2 sized non-overlapping image block as the basic unit for watermarking generation and embedding, tampering detection, and image recovery. The watermark qubits embedded into the carrier image include authentication qubits for tamper detection and recovery qubits for image recovery. Meanwhile, a two-level tamper detection and localization method is designed, which increases tamper detection accuracy. Based on the result of tamper detection, two separate image recovery models are devised to enhance the quality of recovered images. Dedicated quantum circuits for implementing the proposed quantum watermarking algorithm are given in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the novel scheme is effective and exhibits good image tamper detection and self-recovery performance against multiple malicious attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secret sharing scheme can share the secret image with several shares. The secure transmission of the quick response (QR) code can be enhanced by the secret sharing scheme on the Internet. This paper proposes the QR code secret sharing scheme (QRCSSS) by using color QR codes. The standard QR code is modified to a color QR code. The color of the secret image is shared by the color of the share (color QR code). QRCSSS can generate two color QR codes. When two color QR codes are performed color OR, a secret color QR code is restored. The restored color QR code has contrast in color. It can be converted to a standard QR code by the proposed contrast enhancer. This paper analyzes how the color QR code can be decoded correctly by the general QR code decoder. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum image steganography has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The majority of existing algorithms do not simultaneously have excellent imperceptibility, high embedding capacity, and good security. Therefore, a novel quantum color image steganography scheme is researched based on turtle shell and least significant bit (LSB) replacement. Human vision system (HVS) model and check codes are introduced into the proposed scheme to improve visual quality and security. According to the theory that HVS has different sensitivities to various colors, two channels are randomly selected with different probabilities to hide secret information from the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels of each color carrier pixel. Grayscale values of the two chosen channels correspond to a point in the turtle shell-based reference matrix. Depending on whether the point is at the boundary of the reference matrix or not, the LSB substitution method or turtle shell algorithm is utilized to embed the secret information. Dedicated quantum circuits are presented to better describe the procedure of the novel scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and has superior performance in imperceptibility, embedding capacity, and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of the bowl-shaped C-alkylcalix[4]resorcinarene (alkyl = –iBu, CBCR; –CH2CH2Ph, CPCR) with the bifunctional spacer 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) in alcohol solvent was investigated. Co-crystallization of CBCR with bipy in ethanol afforded a one-dimensional compound of CBCR·bipy·3EtOH (1). Heating a mixture of CPCR and bipy in ethanol led to the isolation of the compound CPCR·2bipy·EtOH (2), which has a one-dimensional wave-like polymer structure. Compounds 1 and 2 both crystallize in the triclinic space group P 1 ¯ , with a = 13.1615(2), b = 14.5201(3), c = 16.9082(4) Å, α = 111.102(1)°, β = 96.976(1)°, γ = 103.979(1)°, and Z = 2 for 1, and a = 11.5175(4), b = 12.5727(5), c = 24.6775(10) Å, α = 83.744(2)°, β = 89.306(2)°, γ = 71.110(2)°, and Z = 2 for 2. Two supramolecular structures based on C-alkylcalix[4]resorcinarene and 4,4′-bipyridine molecules have been synthesized and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reversible data hiding (RDH) is a data-hiding technique that embeds data into cover media such that it can be recovered distortion-free after the embedded data are retrieved. Currently, for RDH in encrypted halftone images (RDH-EH), the original cover image cannot be recovered once the watermark is extracted. In this paper, we present a RDH method for encrypted halftone images based on matrix embedding, which can achieve a high embedding capacity with low distortion. Since minimal information redundancy exists in encrypted halftone images, perfectly reversible algorithms appear to be difficult to implement. Nevertheless, we proposed a completely reversible RDH method for encrypted halftone images with high embedding capacity. To address the drawback of information redundancy, the pixels of the cover image are copied into two images to guarantee reversibility. The watermark is embedded into the first cover image by changing one pixel of each block using syndrome encoding, and into the second cover image by bit replacement. The experimental results show that the halftone image can be completely recovered after the embedded data are extracted. Furthermore, our algorithm can achieve moderate computational complexity, high embedding capacity and high visual quality of marked images. This scheme is suitable for data-hiding applications such as the medical or printing applications where the reversibility is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellobiose is usually preferred as model compound of cellulose to explore its conversion mechanism, in which the first challenge is to acquire the molecular solvation mechanism. The interactions of β-cellobiose with the hydrated Na+ cation and Cl− anion in aqueous solution have been theoretically investigated, using quantum chemical calculations at LC-ωPBE/6-311++G(d,p), aug-cc-pVTZ level under a polarized continuum model (PCM-SMD), together with molecular dynamics stimulation. In aqueous solution, the most stable form of β-cellobiose is syn-ϕ/syn-φ (CB2), including the exocylcic hydroxyl groups and three intramolecular H-bonds. The favorite solvation structure of NaCl is concerned with [Na(H2O)3]+···Cl− ion pair. The Cl− anion interacts with β-cellobiose, favorably affording [ η H 6 , H 2 ′ 2 - CB 2) Cl ] - and [ η H 3 ′ , H 4 ′ 2 - CB 2) Cl ] - with a bridge of OH···Cl···HO interaction. Alternatively, the [Na(H2O)3]+ cation interacts with β-cellobiose, preferably yielding [ η O 3 , O 5 ′ , O 6 ′ 3 - CB 2) Na ] + . Additionally, the [Na(H2O)3]+···Cl− ion-pair interacts cooperatively with β-cellobiose, preferentially producing [ η O 3 , O 5 ′ , O 6 ′ , H 6 , H 2 ′ 3 - CB 2) Na H 2 O 1 ] Cl . For CB2, the reactive sites for the nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions locate at the O5 atom on the reducing end and the H6′ atom on the non-reducing end, respectively. Alternatively, for [ η O 3 , O 5 ′ , O 6 ′ , H 6 , H 2 ′ 3 - CB 2) Na H 2 O 1 ] Cl , the O5 and H6′ atoms should no longer be characteristic of nucleophilicity and electrophilicity. Moreover, [Na(H2O)3]+···Cl− ion-pair can break some intramolecular H-bonds of CB2, which may promote the solvation of β-cellobiose in aqueous solution. It also shields the glycosidic bond by steric effect, which make CB2 not readily hydrated at the glycosidic bond. These functions would alter the reaction pathway in the further degradation of β-cellobiose. This study may advance on the novel design for sustainable conversion system of cellulose into high-added value chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the issue of beautification and capacity expansion of the Quick Response(QR) code, we proposed an algorithm based on sequential module modulation. First, the modules for the padding codewords are modulated by the module-based binarized background image. Then, to increase the storage capacity, low-pass textured patterns are designed for both the black modules and the white modules. The modules of the plain QR code are modulated by the second-level message. Finally, these modulated modules are further modulated by the L-channel of the background image in Lab color space. The module elimination parameter in the second modulation is optimized to maximize an objective function that accounts for both the visual quality and the decoding error. Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed algorithm is superior to the reference method in terms of visual quality and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new isocoumarins, (3R)-methyl-8-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxydihydroisocoumarin (1) and (3R)-methyl-7,8-dimethoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)dihydroisocoumarin (2), together with three known isocoumarins (3-5), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 21.8 and 18.6% at the concentration of 20 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized geometric warping of images is known to be one of the most effective attacks against image watermarking systems. However, the existing local geometrical attacks, when applied to images with regular structures, cause perceptible distortion because they are not adaptive to the content of the images. In this work, we present a multi-scale directional smoothing framework in which local displacement vectors are smoothed by locally adaptive directional kernels. Both the displacement vectors for large structures and those for fine structures are constrained by using a multi-scale pyramid. Subjective tests and objective metrics show that our proposed approach can effectively enhance the perceptual quality of the image after geometric attacks. The test of the attacking effects on two typical watermarking systems demonstrates that our approach does not degrade the attacking effects for Markov random field generated displacement field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A (2, 2) extended visual cryptography scheme with meaningful shares and no pixel expansion is constructed in this paper. In addition to the secret image, an additional watermark is also embedded to serve for authentication purpose. This watermark can be recovered by stacking a shifted version of one share with the other share. More importantly, the recovered watermark and secret images are free from interferences from the cover images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene and additional STAT3 gene-smoking interaction on Crohn's disease (CD) risk based on a Chinese population. Methods: A total of 1012 participants (491 men, 521 women), were selected, including 502 CD patients and 510 normal controls. The mean age of all participants was 42.3 ± 11.2 years. Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of STAT3 and CD risk; the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confident interval (95 % CI) were calculated. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction was employed to analyze the interaction among several SNPs. Results: Logistic analysis showed the significant association between genotypes of variants in two SNP and decreased CD risk, after covariates adjustment. The carriers of homozygous mutant of two SNP polymorphism revealed decreased CD risk than those with wild-type homozygotes; OR (95 % CI) was 0.75 (0.59-0.93) and 0.68 (0.57-0.91), respectively. There was a significant two-locus model ( p = 0.0107) involving rs744166 and smoking, indicating a potential gene-environment interaction between rs744166 and smoking. Overall, the cross-validation consistency was 10/10, and the testing accuracy was 62.17 %, and never smokers with TC or CC genotype have the lowest CD risk, compared to smokers with TT genotype; OR (95 % CI) was 0.52 (0.31-0.82), after covariate adjustment. Conclusions: Our results support an important association of rs744166 and rs4796793 with decreased CD risk, and additional interaction between rs744166 and smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-crystallization of C-ethyl-calix[4]resorcinarene ( 1) and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) from ethanol in the presence of ferrocene (FcH) yielded a multi-component complex FcH@ 1·2(4,4′-bipy) ( 3) that consists of a one-dimensional wave-like polymer, 1·2(4,4′-bipy), in which the cavity of 1 is deepened supramolecularly to enclose ferrocene as a guest. Heating mixture of C-methyl-calix[4]resorcinarene ( 2), trans-1,4- bis-(pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) and FcH in ethanol led to isolation of a similar host-guest complex FcH@ 2·2(bpe)·0.5CH ( 4) in which the FcH guests have been assembled within a wave-like framework ( 2)·2(bpe). Graphical Abstract: Ferrocene acts as the guest molecule for the self-assembly of the 1:2:1 C-ethyl-calix[4]resorcinarene/4,4′-bipyridine/ferrocene and the 1:2:1 C-methyl-calix[4]resorcinarene/ trans-1,4- bis(pyridyl)ethylene/ferrocene supramolecular co-crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sodium-ammonia tetraborate Na(NH)BO(OH)·(HO) (denoted 1) has been synthesized under mild solvothermal condition. The compound crystallizes in the chiral trigonal R32 (155) space group, with the following unit cell parameters: a = 11.172(3) Å, b = 11.172(3) Å, c = 21.282(10) Å; V = 2300.4(14) Å; Z = 3. It has been characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, element analysis, FTIR, PXRD, TG-DSC and Second-harmonic-generation response. Its structure contains [BO(OH)] polyanions, which are further linked by a rare [NaO] cluster to form a 3-D framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the primary successions of soil enzyme activity and heterotrophic microbial communities at the forefields of the Tianshan Mountains No. 1 Glacier by investigating soil microbial processes (microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization), enzyme activity and community-level physiological profiling. Soils deglaciated between 1959 and 2008 (0, 5, 17, 31 and 44 years) were collected. Soils >1,500 years in age were used as a reference (alpine meadow soils). Soil enzyme activity and carbon-source utilization ability significantly increased with successional time. Amino-acid utilization rates were relatively higher in early, unvegetated soils (0 and 5 years), but carbohydrate utilization was higher in later stages (from 31 years to the reference soil). Discriminant analysis, including data on microbial processes and soil enzyme activities, revealed that newly exposed soils (0-5 years) and older soils (17-44 years) were well-separated from each other and obviously different from the reference soil. Correlation analysis revealed that soil organic carbon, was the primary factor influencing soil enzyme activity and heterotrophic microbial community succession. Redundancy analysis suggested that soil pH and available P were also affect microbial activity to a considerable degree. Our results indicated that glacier foreland soils have continued to develop over 44 years and soils were significantly affected by the geographic location of the glacier and the local topography. Soil enzyme activities and heterotrophic microbial communities were also significantly influenced by these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inulinase-producing strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9, was isolated from natural sources to produce R, R-2,3-butanediol via one-step fermentation of raw inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. The inulinase gene from P. polymyxa ZJ-9 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the purified recombinant inulinase was estimated to be approximately 56 kDa by both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography. This result suggests that the active form of the inulinase is probably a monomer. Terminal hydrolysis fructose units from the inulin indicate that enzymes are exo-inulinase. The purified recombinant enzyme showed maximum activity at 25 °C and pH 6.0, which indicate its extreme suitability for industrial applications. Zn, Fe, and Mg stimulated the activity of the purified enzyme, whereas Co, Cu, and Ni inhibited enzyme activity. The K and V values for inulin hydrolysis were 1.72 mM and 21.69 μmol min mg protein, respectively. The same parameters toward sucrose were 41.09 mM and 78.7 μmol min mg protein, respectively. Considering its substrate specificity and other enzymatic characteristics, we believe that this inulinase gene from P. polymyxa ZJ-9 could be transformed into other special bacterial strains to allow inulin conversion to other biochemicals and bioenergy through one-step fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of crosslinking on physical properties of low density polyethylene was studied.The results indicated that, at low degrees of crosslinking, the network hardly affects the crystallinity, elastic modulus ( E) and yielding stress while it improves the tensile strength and strain at break simultaneously. Tensile strength reaches a maximum of about 24 MPa at 1.5 phr dicumyl peroxide (DCP) then decreases to a constant value of about 18 MPa due to decrease of crystallinity. E reaches its maximum at 0.5 phr DCP corresponding to gel fraction of about 75% without marked change in crystallinity. The crosslinked polyethylene exhibits two yielding processes, and both yielding stresses approximately linearly depend on crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinking reaction of LDPE resin in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was studied by isothermal rheological measurements at different temperatures and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique with different heating rates. The kinetic parameters of crosslinking reaction were calculated by both rheological and DSC measurements. The results reveal that with the increase of DCP contents, the apparent activation energy, E, ranges from about 140 kJ/mol to 170 kJ/mol and the order of crosslinking reaction, $$\bar n$$, approaches unity. The influence of measurement frequency, ω, on crosslinking reaction was also investigated. It can be found that $$\bar n$$ does not change with the increase of ω, and E decreases slightly with the increase of ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) based on hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroquinone and sebacic acid was used as a processing aid in the extrusion of high molecular mass polyethylene (HMMPE)/clay nanocomposites. Clay/TLCP with optimal mass ratio loading in HMMPE matrix has better thermal stability than that of clay or TLCP blends. Capillary rheometry experiments were carried out at processing temperature 190 °C with TLCP in the full nematic phase. TLCP is an effective processing aid agent with viscosity reduction in excess of 95%. The mechanism is proposed and analyzed by morphological study and surface analysis. TLCP has been shown to act as both a compatiblizer between nanoclay and the HMMPE matrix and a processing aid for the nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the composition of the essential oil from the dried aerial parts of Microsorum insigne (M. insigne). It states that the oil was examined by gas chromatography or mass spectral analysis (GC-MS) using an Angilent 6890 GC with Agilent 5973 mass selective detector. Results show that 44 components were identified in the oil which represent 92.1% of the total oil.