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The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is poor in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The factors related to poor immunogenicity to vaccination in KTRs are not well defined. Here, observational study demonstrated no severe adverse effects were observed in KTRs and healthy participants (HPs) after first or second dose of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. Different from HPs with excellent immunity against SARS-CoV-2, IgG antibodies against S1 subunit of spike protein, receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid protein were not effectively induced in a majority of KTRs after the second dose of inactivated vaccine. Specific T cell immunity response was detectable in 40% KTRs after the second dose of inactivated vaccine. KTRs who developed specific T cell immunity were more likely to be female, and have lower levels of total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and blood tacrolimus concentrations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that blood unconjugated bilirubin and tacrolimus concentration were significantly negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity response in KTRs. Altogether, these data suggest compared to humoral immunity, SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity response are more likely to be induced in KTRs after administration of inactivated vaccine. Reduction of unconjugated bilirubin and tacrolimus concentration might benefit specific cellular immunity response in KTRs following vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional reconstruction of porous media is of great significance to the research of mechanisms of fluid flow. The real three-dimensional structural data of porous media are helpful to describe the irregular topologic structures in porous media. The reconstruction of porous media will be inaccurate while only hard data or no conditional data are available. Reconstructed results can be more accurate, using soft data during reconstruction. Integrating soft data with hard data, a method based on multiple-point geostatistics (MPS) is proposed to reconstruct three-dimensional structures of porous media. The variogram curves and permeability, computed by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), of the reconstructed images and the target image obtained from real volume data were compared, showing that the structural characteristics of reconstructed porous media using both soft data and hard data as conditional data are most similar to those of real volume data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is the common symptom of ischemic stroke, which poses a heavy burden to human health. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is indicated to be a critical regulator in cerebral ischemia. This study aims to reveal the effects of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) on oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuron injury and underlying mechanism. The expression levels of SNHG15, microRNA-455-3p (miR-455-3p) and tumour protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) mRNA were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in P12 cells. The protein levels of TP53INP1, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 and BCL2-associated x protein (Bax) were detected by western blot in P12 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were revealed by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively, in P12 cells. Caspase-3 activity, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were severally determined by caspase-3 activity assay, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ROS detection assay in P12 cells. The binding relationship between miR-455-3p and SNHG15 or TP53INP1 was predicted by starbase online database, and identified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down or RNA immunoprecipitation assay. SNHG15 expression and the mRNA and protein levels of TP53INP1 were dramatically upregulated, while miR-455-3p expression was apparently downregulated in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells. SNHG15 silencing hindered the effects of OGD/R treatment on cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative in PC12 cells; however, these impacts were restored after miR-455-3p inhibitor transfection. Additionally, SNHG15 acted as a sponge of miR-455-3p and miR-455-3p bound to TP53INP1. SNHG15 contributed to OGD/R-induced neuron injury by regulating miR-455-3p/TP53INP1 axis, which provided a novel insight to study lncRNA-directed therapy in ischemia stoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquiring the structures of porous media is very important when predicting flow properties in porous media. However, direct measurements of 3D microstructures of porous media with the resolution of microns or even nanometers are difficult to achieve due to the expensive cost of high-precision equipment. Therefore, as a typical stochastic simulation method, multiple-point statistics (MPS) was used to perform reconstruction based on real 3D volume data of porous media scanned by micro-CT. Because the ensemble of patterns extracted from a training image (TI) cannot be embedded into a linear space, the traditional MPS methods using linear dimensionality reduction, including filter-based simulation and distance-based pattern simulation, are not suitable to deal with the nonlinear situation. A new MPS method using isometric mapping, which is a method of nonlinear dimensionality reduction, to achieve nonlinear dimensionality reduction is proposed to decrease redundant data of TIs so that the subsequent simulation can be faster and more accurate for the reconstruction of porous media. Entropy theory is introduced to select a proper size of data template to balance the CPU cost and reconstructed quality. The comparisons between the reconstructed images and the target image show that the structural characteristics of reconstructed porous media using our method are similar to those of real volume data. This method also has shown advantages in reconstruction quality over typical methods using linear dimensionality reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]