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Lishu County, which is located in the black soil region of Northeast China, represents a key site for the analysis of soil erosion intensity. This study offers a scientific foundation for the development of targeted soil and water conservation strategies within the region. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was employed to compute the soil erosion modulus in Lishu County, with the objective of conducting a quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of soil erosion. Additionally, the changing characteristics of soil erosion were examined from the perspectives of land use types and slope variations. The Generalized Connectivity Causality Model (GCCM) was utilized to identify the causal relationship between soil erosion and land use types through the reconstruction of state space and cross-mapping predictions. (1) Soil erosion in Lishu County between 2000 and 2020 predominantly exhibited mild to moderate levels, characterized by patchy and sporadic erosion, with relatively severe occurrences in the northern and central regions. (2) Soil erosion was correlated with land use and slope variations, with more than 90% of erosion incidents transpiring in cultivated land areas. The 3°-5° slope range in Lishu County emerged as a focal point for erosion, necessitating targeted prevention and control measures. (3) The GCCM model illustrated a discernible causal relationship between soil erosion and land use, revealing mutual influences between the two factors. Between 2000 and 2020, both the area and intensity of soil erosion in Lishu County exhibited an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. This suggests an overall trend of amelioration in soil erosion conditions. However, notable spatial disparities persist in the erosion distribution across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleotide biosynthesis encompasses both de novo and salvage synthesis pathways, each characterized by significant material and procedural distinctions. Despite these differences, cells with elevated nucleotide demands exhibit a preference for the more intricate de novo synthesis pathway, intricately linked to modes of enzyme regulation. In this study, we primarily scrutinize the biological importance of a conserved yet promising mode of enzyme regulation in nucleotide metabolism—cytoophidia. Cytoophidia, comprising cytidine triphosphate synthase or inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, is explored across diverse biological models, including yeasts, Drosophila, mice, and human cancer cell lines. Additionally, we delineate potential biomedical applications of cytoophidia. As our understanding of cytoophidia deepens, the roles of enzyme compartmentalization and polymerization in various biochemical processes will unveil, promising profound impacts on both research and the treatment of metabolism-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualization of axons and dendritic spines is crucial in neuroscience research. However, traditional microscopy is limited by diffraction-limited resolution and shallow imaging depth, making it difficult to study neuronal dynamics. Two-photon multifocal structured illumination microscopy (2P-MSIM) provides super-resolution imaging along with a reasonably good penetration, but it is vulnerable to optical aberrations in deep tissues. Herein we present a novel non-inertial scanning 2P-MSIM system incorporated with adaptive optics (AO) which allows for super-resolution imaging with effective aberration correction. Our strategy is designed to correct both laser and fluorescence paths simultaneously using a spatial light modulator and a deformable mirror respectively, providing better results than the individual path corrections. The successful implementation of adaptive optical two-photon multifocal structured illumination microscopy (AO 2P-MSIM) has allowed for the super-resolution imaging of neuronal structures in a mouse brain slice at great depths and dynamic morphological characteristics of zebrafish motoneurons in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) manifests as mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, and is one of the main adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently available therapeutic drugs are not sufficiently effective for the management of this adverse effect in the clinic. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents for treating CIPN is necessary. Our previous study suggested the potential of aucubin and pedicularis-lactone (1) as active compounds responsible for the anti-allodynic property of Plantaginis Semen. However, the activity of purified 1 has not been evaluated due to its low content in Plantaginis Semen. In the present study, 1 was isolated from Viticis Fructus, as well as viteoid I (2) and viteoid II (3) during the process of isolation. The purities of isolated 1, 2, and 3 were determined as 67.15%, 92.12%, and 86.72%, respectively, by quantitative 1H-NMR, using DSS-d6 as an internal standard. Repeated daily oral administration of these three iridoids at a dose of 15 mg/kg significantly inhibited the PTX-induced mechanical allodynia in mice, suggesting the anti-allodynic activities of 1, 2, and 3. This study provides confirmatory evidence for the anti-allodynic activity of purified 1 and also reveals two additional active iridoids from Viticis Fructus. These three iridoids could be potential candidates for the treatment of CIPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the dose-limiting side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Although the control of CIPN is important, it is difficult to manage with currently available therapeutic drugs. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutic agents for treating CIPN. Goshajinkigan (GJG) is a Kampo formula composed of ten crude drugs. While GJG has been used for the treatment of CIPN, the active constituents of GJG and their underlying mechanisms of pharmacological effects are still unknown. Our previous study revealed that repetitive oral administration of the water extract of Plantaginis Semen, a crude drug ingredient of GJG, inhibited the mechanical allodynia induced by an intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel in mice. To elucidate the active compounds of Plantaginis Semen, activity-guided separation of the water extract of Plantaginis Semen was performed. From the active fraction, four iridoids (1–4) were identified. Repetitive oral administration of aucubin (1) at 100 or 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of the fraction crude 3 [primarily comprised of pedicularis-lactone (3)], showed anti-allodynic activity, suggesting 1 and 3 could be some of the active compounds responsible for the anti-allodynic property of Plantaginis Semen and GJG. Our study establishes that oral administration of 1 has potent anti-allodynic effect in addition to the activity of intraperitoneally administered 1 reported previously. Identification of active anti-allodynic compounds found in Kampo formulations will support the development of novel therapies for the management of CIPN in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) Ce-La nanorods with different La contents (Ce and La in the molar ratio of 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) were synthesized by hydrothermal process. Au/Ce-La nanorod catalysts were obtained by a modified deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption (BET), ICP, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, EDX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), and temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR). It revealed that La existed as LaO in the 1D nanorods. The catalysis results demonstrated that the mixed binary Ce-La nanorod oxides could be a good support for gold catalysts. The contents of La had an important influence on the catalytic performance of Au/Ce-La nanorod catalysts. Among the catalysts, when the Ce/La molar ratio was 3:1, the 1.0%Au/Ce-La nanorods pretreated at 300 °C showed the best activity among the catalysts for CO oxidation, which could convert CO completely at 30 °C. The catalysts also performed high temperature resistance and good stability for CO oxidation at the reaction temperatures of 40, 70, and 200 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YPO nanoprisms and nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal and co-precipitation processes. Au/YPO catalysts were obtained by a deposition-precipitation method. The as-prepared YPO and Au/YPO were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, XRD, TEM, XPS, ICP, UV-Vis DRS, and FT-IR. The XRD results revealed that YPO nanoprisms and nanorods were hexagonal phase. The TEM observations demonstrated that the gold nanoparticles with the size of <4 nm uniformly dispersed on the surface of the support. The XPS spectra revealed that gold was in the metallic state. The catalysis results demonstrated that Au/YPO-rods performed higher catalytic activity than Au/YPO-prisms for CO oxidation. 1.0% Au/YPO-rods catalyst could achieve complete CO conversion at 20 °C. Au/YPO-prisms exhibited higher sintering-resistant property than Au/YPO-rods. After continuous operation for 10 h, Au/YPO-rods showed better stability at low reaction temperature than Au/YPO-prisms, and both of them showed good stability at the reaction temperature of 220 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous annealing simulation tests were conducted by using a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. Holding times of 5, 60, 180, and 480 seconds for an intercritical annealing temperature of 820 °C were adopted to investigate the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel. The ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel was characterized by high strength and low yield ratio due to the presence of the constituents (polygonal ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite) of the steel microstructure. Specimen 3 exhibits the highest value of A50 (7.67%) and a product of R × A (10453MPa%) after a 180s holding. This is likely attributed to the presence of a C-enriched retained austenite in the microstructure. And the effect of martensite islands and carbide precipitate is thought to be able to contribute in strengthening the present steel. It is expected that equilibrium of austenite fraction would be reached for reasonable intercritical holding period, regardless of the heating temperature. The results suggest that long increasing holding times may not be needed because the major phase of the microstructure does not change very significantly. It is favorable for industrial production of DP steels to shorten holding times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article Search of anti-allodynic compounds from Plantaginis Semen, a crude drug ingredient of Kampo formula "Goshajinkigan". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]