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Background: Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is one of the most powerful and reproducible proteomic technologies for large-scale digital qualitative and quantitative research. The aim of this study was to use proteomic methodologies for the identification of biomarkers that are over or underexpressed in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) compared with controls and discover a potential biomarker panel for ICP detection. Methods: The participants included 11 ICP patients and 11 healthy pregnant women as controls. The clinical characteristic data and the laboratory biochemical data were collected at the time of recruitment. Then, a data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in serum exosomes between ICP patients and controls. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the relevant processes in which these DEPs were involved. Results: The proteomics results showed that there were 162 DEPs in serum exosomes between pregnant women with ICP and healthy pregnant women, of which 106 were upregulated and 56 were downregulated in ICP. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the identified proteins were functionally related to specific cell processes including apoptosis, lipid metabolism, immune response and cell proliferation, and metabolic disorders, suggesting that these may be primary causative factors in ICP pathogenesis. Meanwhile, complement and coagulation cascades may be closely related to the development of ICP. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve values of Elongation factor 1-alpha 1, Beta-2-glycoprotein I, Zinc finger protein 238, CP protein and Ficolin-3 were all approximately 0.9, indicating the promising diagnostic value of these proteins. Conclusions: This preliminary work provides a better understanding of the proteomic alterations in the serum exosomes of pregnant women with ICP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the effects of COVID-19 on youth suggest a worsening in mental health globally. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from January 2019-November 2021 for all outpatient referrals, as well as outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department (ED) encounters for behavioral health (BH) reasons in children aged < 18 in a large academic health system in the United States. Mean weekly rates of outpatient psychiatry referrals, outpatient psychiatry visits, ED visits, and inpatient admissions for BH reasons were compared between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The average weekly rate of ambulatory referrals (8.0 ± 0.33 to 9.4 ± 0.31) and completed appointments (194.2 ± 0.72 to 213.1 ± 0.71) significantly increased during the pandemic, driven largely by teenagers. The weekly average of ED pediatric encounters for BH did not increase during the pandemic, although the percentage of all pediatric ED encounters that were for BH did increase from 2.6 to 4.1% (p < 0.001). Length of stay for pediatric BH ED patients increased from 1.59 ± 0.09 days pre-pandemic to 1.91 ± 0.11 days post-pandemic (p < 0.0001). Inpatient admissions for BH reasons overall decreased during the pandemic, due to a decrease in inpatient psychiatric bed capacity. However, the weekly percentage of inpatient hospitalizations for BH reasons that occurred on medical units increased during the pandemic (15.2% ± 2.8–24.6% ± 4.1% (p = 0.0006)). Taken together, our data suggest the COVID-19 pandemic had varying degrees of impact, depending on the setting of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation of alkynes allows the synthesis of olefins, which are important feedstock for the materials, pharmaceutical, and petrochemical industry. Thus, methods that enable this transformation via low-cost metal catalysis are desirable. However, achieving stereochemical control in this reaction is a long-standing challenge. Here, we report on the chromium-catalyzed E- and Z-selective olefin synthesis via hydrogenation of alkynes, controlled by two carbene ligands. A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand that contains a phosphino anchor enables the hydrogenation of alkynes in a trans-addition manner, selectively forming E-olefins. With an imino anchor-incorporated carbene ligand, the stereoselectivity can be switched, giving mainly Z-isomers. This ligand-enabled geometrical stereoinversion strategy by one metal catalysis overrides common methods in control of the E- and Z-selectivity with two different metal catalysis, allowing for highly efficient and on-demand access to both E- and Z-olefins in a stereo-complementary fashion. Mechanistic studies indicate that the different steric effect between these two carbene ligands may mainly dominate the selective forming E- or Z-olefins in control of the stereochemistry.The stereoselective synthesis of olefins from alkynes is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Here, the authors report the chromium-catalyzed alkyne hydrogenation; E- or Z-olefins are obtained depending on the carbene ligand used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we derive some equalities and inequalities about g-continuous frames, which are an extension to g-frames and continuous frames. We also discuss the stability of the perturbation of a g-continuous frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective creation of quaternary carbon centers has been a long-standing challenge in synthetic chemistry. We report here the chromium-catalyzed, para-selective formation of arylated quaternary carbon centers by alkylative reactions of benzamide derivatives with tertiary alkylmagnesium bromides at room temperature. The reaction, which was enabled by a low-cost chromium(III) salt combined with trimethylsilyl bromide, introduces a sterically bulky tertiary alkyl scaffold on the para-position of benzamide derivatives in a highly selective fashion without either isomerization of the tertiary alkyl group or formation of ortho-alkylated byproducts. Forming low-valent Cr species in situ by reaction of CrCl3 with t-BuMgBr accompanied by evolution of hydrogen can be considered, which serves as reactive species to promote the reaction. The para-alkylation likely occurs via a radical-type nucleophilic substitution of imino-coordination benzimidate intermediate. The selective installation of quaternary carbon substituents on arenes is a highly challenging synthetic goal. Here, the authors report a chromium-catalyzed para-selective functionalization of benzamides with tertiary organometallic reagents under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]