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Starting from ethylenediamine as the center of the molecule, and terminated by the four peripheral imidazole rings, a dendric derivative with tetra-imidazoline (DDTI) was synthesized. The results of weight loss method showed the inhibition efficiency of DDTI could approximately reach up to 98.29% when the inhibitor dosage was 400 mg L. Meanwhile, referring to the potentiodynamic polarization test, DDTI could be classified as a mixed-type inhibitor. What's more, both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrated that the adsorption between the inhibitors and metal surface was the crucial reason for the high efficiency. Meanwhile, it is interesting that the compact, dendrimer-like and multilayer ed inhibitor films covering on the metal surface regularly acted as the main reason for prominent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Individuals with vitamin D (VD) insufficiency have a greater tendency to develop obesity and have increased systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota are involved in the regulation of host inflammation and energy metabolism, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of VD3 on body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function in obese mice and to explore the regulatory effect of VD3 on gut microbiota in obese mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 J mice received a normal chow diet (NCD, 10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) to induce obesity within 10 weeks. Then, HFD mice were supplemented with 5650, 8475, or 11,300 IU VD3/kg diet for 8 weeks. Finally, 16 s rRNA analysis was performed to analyze gut microbiota composition in cecal contents. In addition, body weight, serum lipids, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier function were analyzed. Results: VD3 supplementation reduced body weight and the levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS, and increased ZO-1 in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, it increased α-diversity, reduced F/B ratio and altered microbiota composition by increasing relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrio, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Parabacteroides and reducing relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. There were significant differences between HFD and NCD groups in several metabolic pathways, including endotoxin biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid synthesis and metabolism, and glycolysis. Conclusions: Low, medium, and high doses of VD3 inhibited weight gain, reduced levels of blood lipids and inflammatory factors, and improved endotoxemia and gut barrier function in obese mice. It also increased the α-diversity of gut microbiota in obese mice and reduced the relative abundance of some intestinal pathogenic bacteria, increased the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, and corrected the intestinal flora disorder of obese mice, with the low- and high-dose groups showing better effects than the medium-dose group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, a novel hydroxy lauric imidazoline (HL-IM) was synthesized using lauric acid and ethylene diamine as raw materials. Methanol reaction method was introduced to prepare the hydroxy lauric imidazoline (HL-IM). According to the results of experiments, the optimum synthesis conditions of methanol reaction was determined through orthogonal experiment, which were: methyl laurate: ethylene diamine = 1: 1, sodium methoxide (0.75 wt %), reaction temperature 100°C, reaction time 2 h. The inhibition efficiency of HL-IM inhibitor was investigated in the condition of 5 wt % NaCl solutions saturated with CO at 333.15 K for 72 h. With 150 mg L inhibitor dosage, the efficiency of inhibition reached 90.17% by weight loss method. Through film-forming property, foaming characteristic, and emulsification tendency test, it w a s shown that HL-IM had good water-solubility, a smaller emulsification tendency in 5 wt % NaCl solution, and a little foaming performance. Meanwhile, referring to the polarization curves tests, the synergistic effect of HL-IM with the potassium iodide, methylbutynol, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]