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Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a chronic condition characterized by decreased bone strength. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the combination of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (Bp) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) on PMO. Methods: The effects of Bp and 3-HAA on PMO were evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by assessing stereological parameters, femur microstructure, and autophagy levels. The T helper (Th) 17/Regulatory T (Treg) cells of rats were detected using flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the impact of Bp and 3-HAA on the gut microbiota of rats was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The correlation between the gut microbiota of rats and Th17/Treg immune factors, as well as femoral stereo parameters, was separately assessed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: Bp and 3-HAA treatments protected OVX rats by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting autophagy. Compared to the Sham group, OVX rats showed an increase in Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells. Bp and 3-HAA reversed these changes. Enterorhabdus and Pseudomonas were significantly enriched in OVX rats. Bp and 3-HAA regulated the gut microbiota of OVX rats, enriching pathways related to nutrient metabolism and immune function. There was a correlation between the gut microbiota and the Th17/Treg, as well as femoral stereo parameters. The concurrent administration of Bp and 3-HAA medication facilitated the enrichment of gut microbiota associated with the improvement of PMO. Conclusion: The combination therapy of Bp and 3-HAA can prevent PMO by modulating the gut microbiota and restoring Th17/Treg immune homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is useful for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but is limited by subjective interpretation. Studies on artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis are under development. Here, we used a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI in the diagnosis of GISTs using EUS images. Methods: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies based on the EUS using AI for the diagnosis of GISTs, and a meta-analysis was performed to examine the accuracy. Results: Overall, 7 studies were included in our meta-analysis. A total of 2431 patients containing more than 36,186 images were used as the overall dataset, of which 480 patients were used for the final testing. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative likelihood ratio (LR) of AI-assisted EUS for differentiating GISTs from other submucosal tumors (SMTs) were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.95), 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.87), 4.55 (95% CI 2.64–7.84), and 0.12 (95% CI 0.07–0.20), respectively. The summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and the area under the curve were 64.70 (95% CI 23.83–175.69) and 0.950 (Q* = 0.891). Conclusions: AI-assisted EUS showed high accuracy for the automatic endoscopic diagnosis of GISTs, which could be used as a valuable complementary method for the differentiation of SMTs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal compression tests of (Zr0.6336Cu0.1452Ni0.1012Al0.12)97.4Er2.6 bulk metallic glass (BMG) were performed at temperature of 410, 420, 430 and 440 °C and strain rates of 5 × 10−4, 10−3, 5 × 10−3 and 10−2 s−1, and a thermal processing map was constructed in the supercooled liquid region. The results indicate that in low strain rate regions (5 × 10−4-10−3 s−1), the processing efficiency range is 70-85% and stress range is 70-120 MPa with temperatures of 410 and 420 °C, and the samples can be thermally processed under relatively small stress and show better fluidity, so temperatures of 410 and 420 °C and the strain rate range of 5 × 10−4-10−3 s−1 are optional thermal processing parameters. When the temperature is 430 °C and the strain rate range is 5 × 10−4-10−2 s−1, the processing efficiency range is 75-85%, and the stress range is 16-106 MPa. The (Zr0.6336Cu0.1452Ni0.1012Al0.12)97.4Er2.6 BMG can be thermoformed under smaller flow stress and shows excellent fluidity; therefore, 430 °C and 5 × 10−4-10−2 s−1 also are optional thermal processing parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]