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Column-supported embankments are proven efficient in enhancing the bearing capacity of soft ground. The effect of geosynthetic encasement depends on the length and stiffness of the encasing material. With a basal geocell, the stress transferred to the subgrade is lowered, and the optimum encasement length can be reduced. Strain-controlled model tests were performed on soft clay reinforced with an encased stone column with basal geocell. Three different geotextiles were used to fabricate the encasement and geocell. Two dimensionless factors were introduced—improvement factor (IF) and successive improvement index (SII), to evaluate the independent effect of geocell and the effect of encasement length, respectively. The critical length of encasement lcr is evaluated at SII of 10% for the bearing capacity of clay and stress on the column. The test results indicate that basal geocell reduces a stone column's critical encasement length regardless of the material stiffness and stress-settlement levels. Geocell enhances bearing pressure and lowers stress on soft ground and stone columns. The lateral spreading enables the load to be distributed evenly on the stone column-reinforced ground, thus reducing the stress concentration ratio. The reduction in lcr arises from the fact that geocell dominates the action of the stone column, making the strain mobilized in the lower half of the column unutilized. Hence, the impact of geocell is unaffected by the increase in encasement length beyond 2/3rd of the column depth. For stiffer materials, the performance is enhanced at higher stress levels upon mobilization of adequate strain on the encasing sleeve and geocell walls. The numerical simulations carried out were validated with experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating remote sensing techniques (RST)-based water quality monitoring systems in hydrological applications is a complex multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem due to several integrated issues. These issues include the need to consider 15 evaluation criteria, the importance of these criteria in relation to their application and network infrastructure, data variation, and trade-offs and conflicts between them. Therefore, this study proposes an MADM integrated modelling approach to weight these criteria and rank the selected RSTs using the "Fuzzy Weighted with Zero Inconsistency" (FWZIC) method coupled with the "Vlse-kriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje" (VIKOR) method. First, a decision matrix was developed for the evaluation criteria and their intersection with various RSTs in different network categories. Next, the assessment criteria were weighted using FWZIC, followed by ranking the RSTs for each category using VIKOR. The findings reveal that the criteria weighting varied across categories, as assigned by specialists-based FWZIC. For example, the "data acquisition system complexity" criterion received the maximum weight (w = 0.081) for mesh-based sensing and the lowest (w = 0.057) for cellular-based sensing. Using the obtained weights and based on the ascending order of the performance score value (Q), various RSTs were benchmarked using VIKOR. This includes (n = 22) RSTs in fixed star, (n = 8) RSTs in mesh sensing, (n = 6) RSTs in cellular sensing, (n = 3) RSTs in fixed cable sensing, and (n = 2) RSTs in movable sensing. Finally, the evaluation process for the benchmarked RSTs involved systematic ranking, sensitivity analysis, and comparison analysis, which confirmed the robustness of the proposed approach across all RST categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance three-phase motor drives require accurate and robust acquisition of angular position and stator currents. A resolver sensor is widely used for angle measurement in harsh environmental conditions. This sensor receives a sinusoidal excitation signal and produces two amplitude-modulated outputs. Frequency division multiplexing is a useful alternative to simplify the data acquisition system (DAQ) to acquire the signals from stator current sensors and the resolver angular position sensor: a current signal and a resolver output are combined to produce a signal sent to the DAQ. In most cases, the sinusoidal excitation signal of the resolver is less than the switching frequency of the motor drive inverter. As a result, current signals may produce a significant interference in the angle estimation when the frequency of the resolver excitation signal is low. This paper describes an improved multiplexing approach where the resolver excitation frequency is 1.5 times the inverter switching frequency. Thus, the spectra of the resolver outputs and the stator currents are located further from each other, reducing the angle estimation interference. Synchronous sampling allows for the recovery of the current signals. A notch filter is added to an angle tracking observer to reduce even further this interference. Three different tests considering different operation conditions were performed. The proposed angle estimation method has less root mean square error in the angle estimation than other approaches (e.g., without using a notch filter or using a low resolver excitation frequency). Besides, the proposed multiplexing strategy allows recovering the fundamental component of the current signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of developing and creating wireless sensor networks for agriculture and medicine, which the authors have obtained during the past five years. The paper considers wireless sensor networks for estimating the state of plants by the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction on large areas of agricultural land. The above networks include original smart sensors, built according to flexible architecture and containing elements of artificial intelligence based on neural networks. This construction scheme increases their performance in determining the effect of stress factors of different origins. The authors have constructed a smart remote medical monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network, which employs several wireless data exchange protocols. They also have created a diagnostic system to assess the quality of life and the symptoms associated with the diseases and (or) treatment. It determines the patient's health state using international and national questionnaires. The operation of proposed smart measuring devices and systems is based on the knowledge-based principles of processing and analyzing the measuring data for making managerial decisions and providing recommendations. Most of the obtained results have been put into mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed a novel methodology of data acquisition systems (DASs) benchmarking based on fuzzy-weighted zero-inconsistency (FWZIC II) and fuzzy decision by opinion score method (FDOSM II), which are applied in an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) context and account for hesitation when benchmarking DASs, to support industrial community characteristics in the design and implementation of advanced driver assistance systems in vehicles. The proposed methodology comprises two consecutive phases. The first phase involves constructing a decision matrix based on the intersection of the DAS alternatives and criteria. The second phase (development phase) proposes the formulation of a novel FWZIC II to weight the criteria and the formulation of a novel FDOSM II to benchmark DASs. Fourteen DASs were benchmarked based on the 15 DAS criteria, which included seven sub-criteria for 'comprehensive complexity assessment' and eight sub-criteria for 'design and implementation', which had a significant effect on the DAS design when implemented by industrial communities. A systematic ranking and sensitivity analysis were conducted to demonstrate that the benchmarking results were subject to systematic ranking, as indicated by the high correlations across all described scenarios of changing criteria weight values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, remote data collection and remote monitoring technologies based on artificial neural networks have been increasingly used in various industries. In order to in-depth study whether the data collection system based on artificial neural network theory can analyze the characteristics of different strokes in swimming events, this paper uses simulation comparison method, data integration method, and step-by-step construction method to collect samples, analyze the data collection system, and streamline the algorithm. And integrate and create a data collection system that can analyze the characteristics of swimming styles. After constructing the system, select the image frequency 450 ms once, and set the signal frequency to 2.5 KHZ. Set the waveforms to sawtooth wave and sine wave, respectively; the voltage range of sine wave is − 6 to 8 V, and the sampling frequency is 250. The voltage range of the sawtooth wave is − 8 to 6 V, and the sampling frequency is 45 KHZ. Experiments show that the system basically works normally during the sampling process. To further study the stability of the system, this test is in a swimming pool with a one-story building with a relative humidity of 85%. It is set to send 110 data frames from the coordinator segment to the normal segment every 2.5 s. The acquisition success rate is 88% when there is interference and 96% when there is no interference, which is much higher than that when there is interference. Therefore, a retransmission mechanism must be used when designing the software for common segment points to ensure reliable data transmission. In general, the data acquisition system we designed basically meets the design standards. It is basically realized that starting from the artificial neural network, a data acquisition system that can analyze swimming styles is designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental activity in the physics teaching can be considered as a space in which teachers create contexts for students to approach the way scientific knowledge is constructed. In this sense, the strategies for the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the context of science education, has a wide potential to guide experimental activity to teachers in training. Among the tools offered by ICT, Data Acquisition Systems (DAS) favor to transform the image that students have, in terms of the technical-instrumental character of this science. This paper describes the potentialities of a heuristic V diagram designed as a theoretical-methodological tool that allows to increase the potential of DAS in the physics teaching; as well as the adaptation of the Learning Model in the Physics Laboratory Works (MATLaF), is proposed with the intention of recognizing the cognitive activities that students put into play to solve experimental situations in physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arc welding, due to its simplicity, ease of use and low maintenance cost is one of the most widely used welding process in almost all types of modern industries. In this process, voltage, current and welding speeds are the major variable which influences the final weld product. Among these, monitoring welding speed is relatively easy, while monitoring voltage and current is not. This is because welding is a stochastic process in which wide variations in voltage and current occurs and durations of these variations are so short that the ordinary ammeters and voltmeters cannot measure these variations. However, using suitable sensors coupled with a high-speed data acquisition system, real time variations taking place in an actual welding process can be recorded and subsequently analyzed. A careful analysis of these variations using various signal processing, statistical and data mining techniques can provide a very useful information in estimating the quality of final weld product. In this research, a first of its kind, detailed review on various aspects of weld monitoring systems used for weld data acquisition and its subsequent analysis are presented. This will include an in-depth analysis of various electronic sensing and data sampling modules which can be used in the design and development of a Weld Monitoring System. Additionally, this review also includes a brief study on various soft computing, data mining and machine learning techniques on weld data in predicting the quality of different welding parameters. Finally, summary of the review is followed by the scope of future research to pave out some of the new dimensions in exploring the multi-disciplinary area of evaluating the arc welding quality using data acquisition and analysis techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baikal-GVD deep-water neutrino telescope of the cubic kilometer scale, focused on research in the field of astrophysics and particle physics, is being built in Lake Baikal. As of 2021, the effective volume of the detector reaches 0.4 km3 for cascades generated by high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. The paper describes the design and basic characteristics of the telescope data acquisition system, discusses some aspects of deep-water engineering related to the deployment of the detector, and presents selected results obtained with the partially complete detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signal digitization for CROSS, a bolometric experiment for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay at LSC—Canfranc Underground Laboratory, will be based on a custom solution comprised of an analog-to-digital board interfaced to an Altera Cyclone V FPGA module. Each analog-to-digital board hosts 12 channels that allow data digitization up to 25 ksps per channel and an effective resolution of 21 bits at the typical sample rate required by the experiment (5 ksps). The board also allows to digitally select the cutoff frequency of the anti-aliasing filter with 10 bit resolution from 24 Hz up to 2.5 kHz, as required by fast scintillating bolometers. The FPGA is responsible for the synchronization of the analog-to-digital boards and for the data transfer to the storage, using UDP protocol on a standard Ethernet interface. Each FPGA can manage the data coming from eight boards (96 channels), allowing an excellent scalability. In this contribution, we will present a complete overview of the system and a detailed characterization of the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing applications in high performance actuation systems as in aerospace and nuclear industries, demand for motors operating at an ambient temperature of 100°C and above has increased. Hence, it is highly necessary to validate the performance of motors at high temperature before their integration into complex critical systems. Most commercial test benches for motor available today, are designed for operation only at normal temperature. This paper describes the design, physical structure, operating principle and data acquisition system of automated test facility developed for testing stepper motors, brushed DC motors and brushless servo motors at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures. To make the entire measurement system automated, a graphical user interface based on C# software is developed. Through the experiments on standard motors, quality of the design, performance of test bench and implementation of control modes are validated. The results obtained show a successful intercommunication between modules such as control, drive, measurement, data acquisition and display as per the required performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessary conditions for development and successful implementation of a digital seismic logger "Ermak-5" are considered. A short review of similar technical solutions for modern seismological monitoring systems is given, and qualitative comparative analysis is fulfilled. Technical and operational requirements for development of the logger are substantiated. The results of laboratory and field experiments are reported for confirmation of key specifications of this device. The special attention is paid to conformity of the amplitude–frequency characteristics of the logger to reference analogues. Different types of seismometers were used for comparative testing. Description of hardware–software implementation of the flexible power management system of the logger is given. It helps to decrease power consumption to about 300 mW when the recording is made through six channels. The logger can be used for long-term recording with autonomous power supply sources. The core of time in the logger is developed on the basis of special algorithms to reach technological maximum for inner clock synchronization accuracy using the GPS/GLONNAS systems (hundreds of nanoseconds) and NTP-services (dozens of microseconds). Details of time synchronization algorithms are examined, and a description of experimental laboratory and field setup for time synchronization accuracy is given. The LCD screen of the logger is very important for effective operation. Information about time, some logger parameters, and waveform in different modes appears at the display. The experience of implementation at different seismic monitoring facilities is generalized, and it is taken into account in the revision process of the logger project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early warning systems are becoming increasingly important in the modern world. These systems combine several components: predictive systems (For example, tsunami warning systems), earthquake early warning systems, emergency message services, and systems of seismic damage monitoring. Information about shaking intensity becomes especially important in the case of a strong earthquake occurrence. These data are necessary for planning emergency rescue operations, but they are difficult to collect in a natural disasters situation because of possible communication problems. Application of data on instrumental seismic intensity may make it possible to solve this problem. Early warning systems predicting seismic intensity distributions just after the occurrence of an earthquake have already been developed in many seismically active regions of the world. Such a system also needs to be implemented in Kamchatka, where the strongest earthquakes can produce extremely high values of strong motion acceleration. As a result of the development of a system for seismological observation in Kamchatka, a unified specialized system for collection, transmission, archiving, and processing of seismic information was created. Seismological observations in Kamchatka were significantly improved with the update of the tsunami warning service in 2006-2011. As a result, a network of strong motion stations is currently operating in Kamchatka and can serve as a basis for creating a quasi-real-time seismic early warning system under the auspices the Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS). It uses data from strong motion stations to estimate the instrumental seismic intensity in quasi-real-time mode and visualizes the results. During the operational period while the service is being intensively used in the framework of the Seismic Early Warning Reports Tsunami Warning Service in the Kamchatka and Sakhalin branches of the GS RAS for real-time warning of interested parties about the shaking intensities at observation points, the technology implemented in this service has proved highly informative. In total, 75 messages on instrumental intensity in various places of Kamchatka krai and the northern Kuril Islands (Paramushir Islands) have been sent since the service was commissioned at the end of 2014. The currently operating version of the service has proved its informativeness and applicability for special departments of the Emergency Situations Ministry. In addition, real-time warning has improved coordination between the departments of KB GS RAS, and the results of this system are being used in a number of basic research projects. Further development of the service is related to the creation of denser instrumental networks to record strong ground motions and the transition to automatic decision-making and message sending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An express method of direct measurements of the current density distribution of axially symmetric electron beams is proposed. It is shown that use of the technique is urgently needed to improve the reproducibility of the results of electron-beam processing. Comparative analysis of existing methods to measure the parameters of electron beams used for technological purposes is carried out. A technique to restore a radial distribution of electron beam current density as well as a device to implement the technique is developed. The results of radial distribution recovery are analyzed in the case in which the initial distribution is given in the form of a model function of normal distribution. An algorithm to determine estimated sizes of the area within which spatial distribution discretization is carried out is developed. Based on analysis of the experimental dependences, it is shown that the suggested numerical method can be applied to all types of axial-symmetric distributions. The nature of errors occurring after distribution function recovery is analyzed. A technological projection of express diagnostic systems for the processing electron beams is made taking into account parameters of the existing element base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, contents, and operations of electrical equipment, which are parts of a test bench for investigating the characteristics of technological electron guns, are reviewed. A list is given of critical problems that were solved with the equipment under which the basic requirements for system control and data acquisition were designed. Based on the classification of the control and recorded signals, the characteristics of input-output modules of digital and analog signals are defined. Taking into account the features of the equipment, standardized circuit solutions were developed that provide acceptable accuracy for control and signaling, as well as trouble-free operation of a computerized data acquisition system. The use of modem solutions providing galvanic insulation by optical transmission channel technology for both digital and analog signals is discussed. A method of selection of specialized microchips on the parameters of control and measurement signals is shown. Recommendations on the use of measuring complex for research and design of control systems of electron-beam welding installations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For lack of effective methods of unified trigger and clock, the former poloidal field (PF) converter data acquisition system on EAST met the trouble of asynchronous sampling during the process of data acquiring. In this paper, a circuit to synchronize trigger and clock is described according to the requirement of PF converter data acquisition system. So that the operation analysis and fault diagnosis of EAST experiment can be fulfilled accurately. Hardware selecting, circuit designing, driver writing and program designing are included in this project. With this method, every DAQ card starts or stops the process of DAQ on unified trigger and clock signal which controlled by upper-computer via Ethernet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For lack of effective methods of time synchronization, the former poloidal field (PF) converter data acquisition system on EAST met the trouble of asynchronous sampling during the process of data acquiring. In this paper, a method to synchronize time is described according to the requirement of PF converter data acquisition system, implements and verifies along with the regular upgrade of hardware and software on PF converter. With this method, a master node with a hardware clock synchronizes time of the slave nodes on the private time network in each second, and the maximum offset time between the master and the slave is <15 μs without network load and 35 μs with network load. The time synchronized method is evaluated and tested with its feasibility, proving to be portable to different hardware and software configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes engineering decisions on equipment for acquisition of microseismicity data, that improve information content of microseismic monitoring of geodynamic processes in underground hard mineral mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting magnets of Steady-state Superconducting Tokamak-1 (SST-1) are cooled by Supercritical helium at 4.5 K and 0.4 MPa. Two types of Venturi meters (VM) are being used for measuring helium mass flow rates in these magnets. Signal conditioning for temperature, absolute pressure and differential pressure sensors and a suitable data acquisition system has also been developed for these flow meters. These flow meters were extensively qualified during individual coil test campaigns of SST-1 TF coils. Mass flow and pressure signal behavior during quench events of TF coil tests were analyzed and a quench detection system using these signals has been proposed for TF coils. This secondary quench detection methodology and its hardware development are discussed in this paper. This paper also describes the VM design, fabrication, installation and the flow measurement system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic components of a new system of stabilization of synchrotron radiation beams of the VEPP-3 storage ring are developed and tested. This system will ensure the beam position measurement and its stabilization not only over the vertical but also over the horizontal angle and coordinate. It will be also possible to use this system in parallel to the previously developed stabilization system, which registers only the vertical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to supervise the elements of the neutral beam injector (NBI) spatially located at several places, a distributed NBI data acquisition system (NBIDAS) on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is developed in this paper. NBIDAS consists of field instrument and measurement devices, servers and remote data processing terminals. In order to remotely manage and monitor the field devices of the NBI system, a device management client software is also developed as the human-machine interfaces between the field devices and remote system administrators. A control signal acquisition system is developed for diagnosing these generated analog and digital signals from the NBI control system. NBIDAS based on network technologies is capable of extending system functions and upgrading devices. The detail of the architecture and implementation of the NBIDAS on EAST is discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citric acid (CA) is one of the most important products of fermentation in the world. A great variety of agro-industrial residues can be used in solid state fermentation. Aspergillus niger parental strain (CCT 7716) and two strains obtained by mutagenesis (CCT 7717 and CCT 7718) were evaluated in Erlenmeyer flasks and glass columns using citric pulp (CP) as substrate/support, sugarcane molasses and methanol. Best results using glass columns (forced aeration) were found in the fourth day of fermentation: 278.4, 294.9 and 261.1 g CA/kg of dry CP with CCT 7716, CCT 7718 and CCT 7717, respectively. In Erlenmeyer flasks (aeration by diffusion) CA reached 410.7, 446.8 and 492.7 g CA/kg of dry CP with CCT 7716, CCT 7718 and CCT 7717, respectively. The aeration by diffusion improved CA production by the three strains. A data acquisition system specially developed for biotechnological processes analysis was used to perform the respirometric parameters measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is a powerful production management tool supporting production optimization from the process initiation to the final shipment. It not only transmits the production information to production planning systems like ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) in real-time, but also orders the planned production data to the production site. It is a production management system which plans and executes based on the production data in the field, thus it must be operated with a data acquisition system which gathers the accurate field data in real-time. This study deployed the data acquisition system and HMI (Human Machine Interface) system to collect real-time equipment data through the interface with the equipment to develop MES, and the developed system was applied to the machine tool for verification of its effectiveness. The test indicated that the equipment operating time and other operating data of the equipment could be processed without the interference of the workers. The developed data acquisition system and HMI can be applied to other equipment by using different sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design of a GNSS-R data acquisition system is described, including the antenna, RF (radio frequency) front-end and FPGA (field programmable gate array) based logic circuit for data storage interface. Two RF front-ends are connected with the RHCP (right-hand circular polarization) and LHCP (left-hand circular polarization) antenna to collect the direct and reflected signal separately. Both the specifications and the circuit connections are given in detail. Experiments are performed for statics at the seashore and dynamic scenario in the sea using airplanes. The results of the data analysis show that the proposed data acquisition system is suitable for GNSS-R primitive data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity of a dense network in Northern Italy started from the lack of available data after the occurrence of the 24th November 2004, Ml 5.2, Salò earthquake. Since 2006, many efforts have been made by the INGV ( Italian National Institute for Geophysic and Vulcanology), Department of Milano-Pavia (hereinafter INGV MI-PV), to improve the strong-motion monitoring of the Northern Italy regions. This activity led to the installation of a strong-motion network composed by 20 accelerometers, 4 coupled with 20-bits Lennartz Mars88 recorders, 12 coupled with 24-bits Reftek 130 recorders and 4 coupled with 24-bits Gaia2 recorders. The network allow us to reduce, in the area under study, the average inter-distances between strong-motion stations from about 40 km (at November 2004) to 15 km. At present the network includes nine 6-channels stations where velocity sensors work together the strong-motion ones. The data transmission is assured by modem-gsm, with the exception of four stations that send data in real time through a TCP/IP protocol. In order to evaluate different site responses, the stations have been installed both in free field and near (or inside) public buildings, located in the center of small villages. From June 2006 to December 2008 a dataset of 94 events with local magnitude range from 0.7 to 5.1 has been collected. An ad hoc data-processing system have been created in order to provide, after each recorded event, engineering parameters such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and velocity (PGV), response spectra (SA and PSV), Arias and Housner intensities. Data dissemination is achieved through the web site , while the waveforms are distributed through the Italian strong motion database (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though compound semiconductor manufacturing technologies are very much similar to those of the silicon series memory devices, the production process control technologies tend to rely on the experiences of operators and managers because the production technology suitable for the characteristics of compound semiconductor fabrication has not yet been sufficiently developed, compared with that of silicon semiconductors. In addition, the semiconductor industry is being converted into mass customization production and an open foundry service for cooperation between businesses. In this study, a process data acquisition system suitable for compound semiconductors which collects data by operator input and equipment information extraction by using GEM was developed. The developed system was implemented in a real production system and compared with the conventional job card method. Through the application of the developed system, a foundation for constructing a real-time based MES (Manufacturing Execution System) was developed, with such expected effects as process information monitoring, meeting delivery schedule, and reducing lead-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in both information and sensor technologies have enabled the development of Real Time Remote Monitoring (RTRM) capabilities for environmental management. An online and real time remote monitoring system for air pollution has been designed and installed at a traffic police station at Punjagutta in Hyderabad, India. The system is optimized using electrochemical sensors and a real time particulate matter analyzer. The system also monitors meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The system periodically monitors both pollution and meteorological parameters at pre- programmed intervals of $$frac{1}{2}$$ hr during peak periods and 1 hr during non peak periods of the day and continuously uploads to a predestinated web site (www.appcb.org/home.htm) using File Transfer Protocol. The web site renders a quick, simple and graphical display of air pollution levels and meteorological parameters and their significance to humans. The present paper highlights design considerations of a pollution monitoring system, system hardware and software requirements and practical limitations and future directions for real time remote monitoring of air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online data acquisition (DAQ) system for the Nuclotron Internal Target Polarimeter (ITP) at the LHE, JINR is explained in respects of design and implementation, based on the distributed data acquisition and processing systemqdpb. Software modules specific for this implementation (dependent of ITP data contents and hardware layout) are discussed briefly in comparison with them for the High Energy Polarimeter (HEP) at the LHE, JINR. User access methods to both raw data and results of polarization calculations of the ITP and HEP are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the validity of bioelectrical impedance and ultrasonographic methods for predicting the muscle volume of the upper arm. Bioelectrical impedance of the right upper arm and the thickness of elbow flexor and extensor muscles were measured from 26 healthy young adult men using a specially designed bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system and brightness-mode ultrasound apparatus, respectively. As reference data, the muscle volume (MVMRI) of the right upper arm was determined using a magnetic resonance imaging method. The impedance index was calculated as L2/Z, where L is the upper arm length and Z is the impedance of the shoulder to the elbow. The muscle volume (MVULT) was calculated as π·(d/2)2·L, where d is muscle thickness. L2/Z and MVULT were significantly correlated with MVMRI with correlation coefficients of 0.971 and 0.962, respectively. In these relationships, the standard errors of estimation were 44.2 cm3 (6.3%) for L2/Z and 50.7 cm3 (7.2%) for MVULT. There was no significant difference between the absolute errors of muscle volumes estimated by L2/Z and MVULT: 36.2 (4.8, SEM) cm3 for L2/Z versus 40.3 (5.8) cm3 for MVULT. The present results suggest that both bioelectrical impedance and ultrasonographic methods may be useful for predicting the muscle volume of the upper arm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Management of dental trauma in children sometimes requires the use of dental splints, which can be constructed from orthodontic materials. Past studies of the mechanical properties of dental splints have only been interested in their flexibility and not passivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the passivity of splints constructed from orthodontic materials. A specific data acquisition system, with a 2D transducer, is developed for evaluation of its neutrality. The transducer detects the displacements of the splinted tooth generated by the splint. The splints are constructed with 0.406 mm round, straight or Arch Blank preformed stainless-steel wires, with 0.559 mm standard edgewise brackets and with 0.254 mm stainless-steel or 3.05 mm elastomeric ligatures. Results show that mean output voltages generated by the splints range from 1.13 V to 2.48 V. The best control of passivity is obtained with the splints constructed with a preformed archwire and with elastomeric ligatures (p < 0.05), and the worst control is obtained with those constructed with a straight wire and with stainless-steel ligatures (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]