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Background: Macular amyloidosis (MA) could be of cosmetic concern with a significant psychological impact for patients, and its treatment is challenging. Aim of the work: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined fractional CO2 laser with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 50% versus fractional CO2 laser alone in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. Patients and methods: Twenty patients with macular amyloidosis were treated with monthly session of fractional CO2 laser only in one side of the lesion (area A), and fractional laser followed by application of DMSO 50% solution in the other side of the lesion (area B). All patients were evaluated clinically, by dermoscope and histopathology before and 3 months after the end of 4 treatment sessions. Results: Both treatments showed significant decrease of pigmentation after treatment (p < 0.001). There was non-significant decrease in rippling on both sides (p = 0.06). The median itching score dropped significantly after treatment from 9 to 3.5 in area A (laser only) and to 2 in area B (laser and DMSO), with non-significant difference between both areas (P = 0.244). Dermoscopic features after treatment showed fading and decreasing in multiple features in both areas A and B, with non-significant difference between the 2 areas. Histopathologically, there was significant reduction in the amyloid deposition after treatment in both areas A and B without significant difference between both areas. Conclusion: both fractional CO2 laser combined with topical DMSO 50% and fractional CO2 laser alone are safe and effective treatment options for MA with significant clinical improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of cutaneous applications of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the nociceptive response induced by the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin in mice was studied at various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100%) and application times (1, 10, 30, and 60 min before injection of the algogen). DMSO applied 1 min before administration of capsaicin solution did not significantly change the pain sensitivity at all studied concentrations. DMSO 10 min after application at concentrations of 50 and 100% significantly increased the response time of mice to an injection of capsaicin solution. Application of DMSO at concentrations from 10 to 100% 30 min before administration of the algogen significantly enhanced the reaction of mice in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the algogen was significantly enhanced only at 100% DMSO when it was applied 60 min before injection of capsaicin solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as extremely important aprotic polar solvent and reaction medium, has attracted widespread attention from chemists in recent years due to its wide range of uses and the multiple functions it displays in various chemical processes. Especially in the past decade, dimethyl sulfoxide has become increasingly favored as a synthon in organic chemistry, resulting in great progress in this research field. In this context, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the literature on the recent progress in organic synthesis using dimethyl sulfoxide as a synthon, covering all the reports from 1 January 2016 to 11 May 2022. This type of reaction is mainly performed by transferring one or more units of dimethyl sulfoxide, such as oxygen (–O–, =O), methyl (–CH3), methylene (–CH2–), methylidene (=CH2), methine (=CH–), donor of formylation (–CHO), sulfur (–S–), methylthio (–SMe), methyl sulfoxide (–SOMe), donor of methyl thiomethylation (–CH2SMe), or donor of methyl sulfoxide methylation (–CH2SOMe), to the target molecules. At the same time, we hope that this review will stimulate future studies and promote developments in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review and experimental work is presented. In this work, we present data concerning selective permeability of lipid and cell membranes for ions and organic compounds under the action of channel-forming molecules. Polyene antibiotic (PA) levorin А2 with aromatic structure was shown to affect a range of physical-chemical parameters of lipid membranes. It was found that levorin А2 increases the permeability of lipid and cell membranes for monovalent cations as well as monosugar and other neutral molecules. The biological activity of levorin А2 and the rate of delivery of molecules to membranes depend on the surface tension and substrate environment of the membranes. It was showed that the surface tension of aqueous solutions surrounding the membrane reduces by half in the complex with levorin А2, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and citral. Comparative data on the effects of levorin А2 on lipid membranes and on muscle cell membranes are presented. It is supposed that levorin А2, being a channel-forming compound, can induce additional permeability channels in muscle cell membranes and, with intense muscle activity, enhance transport of cations and organic substrates through the membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) include thromboembolism, acute attrition bleeding and multiple organ failure. Genistein isolated from leguminous plants has been shown to be effective in oxidation resistance and tumor inhibition. The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of genistein in DIC and preliminarily discuss the mechanisms regarding the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effect of genistein. Swiss mice were randomly divided into the following groups—(1) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (2) genistein, (3) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, the non-major solvent component of genistein), (4) DMSO + LPS, (5) saline control group, and (6) heparin control group. LPS was injected intraperitoneally in all the groups except the DMSO group and saline control group. Our results significantly showed that the morphological structure of the liver and kidneys was improved and the fiber protein deposition was decreased, with remarkable improvement of coagulation indicators, function indicators and inflammatory factors in the genistein treatment group compared with the LPS group. In vitro phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and interleukin-6 were obviously reduced in the genistein treatment group compared with the LPS group in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. All the results suggested that genistein has the function of alleviating and treating LPS-induced DIC by anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation effects. We tentatively propose that genistein is a potential drug for auxiliary treatment of DIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rheological behavior of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and modified CNC (mCNC) suspensions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was investigated. The efficiency of the surface modification of CNCs by grafting an organic acid chloride to produce hydrophobic CNCs has been verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal degradation temperature of the mCNCs was found to be 165 versus 275 °C for CNCs. The CNC suspensions in DMSO at 70 °C underwent gelation at very low concentration (1 wt%) after 1 day. The network formation was temperature sensitive and did not occur at room temperature. For gels containing 3 wt% CNCs, the complex viscosity at 70 °C increased by almost four decades after 1 day. For the mCNCs in DMSO, a weak gel was formed from the first day and temperature did not affect the gelation. Finally, the effect of adding 10 wt% of polylactide (PLA) to the solvent on the rheological properties of CNC and mCNC suspensions was investigated. The properties of suspensions containing 1.9 wt% CNCs and mCNCs increased during the first and second days, and PLA did not prevent gel formation. However, the reduced viscosity and storage modulus of the CNC and mCNC gels with PLA were lower than those of samples without PLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enthalpies of dissolution for Hydrazinium Dipicrylamine (HDPA) in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were measured using a RD496-2000 Calvet microcalorimeter at 298.15 K. Empirical formulae for the calculation of the enthalpies of dissolution (Δ H) were obtained from the experimental data of the dissolution processes of HDPA in NMP and DMSO. The linear relationships between the rate ( k) and the amount of substance ( a) were found. The corresponding kinetic equations describing the two dissolution processes were $$ {{\text{d}\alpha } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{d}\alpha} {\text{d}t}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\text{d}t}} = 10^{ - 2.71}\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)^{1.23} $$ for the dissolution of HDPA in NMP, and $$ {{\text{d}\alpha } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{d}\alpha} {\text{d}t}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\text{d}t}} = 10^{ - 2.58}\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)^{0.81} $$ for the dissolution of HDPA in DMSO, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) bladder instillation is a standard therapy for interstitial cystitis (IC); however, there are varying degrees of success. We hypothesize that first-line intravesical therapy with a DMSO cocktail will optimize treatment outcome. Methods: Ninety women with newly diagnosed IC were enrolled consecutively for the treatment. The IC symptom and problem index was used as an outcome measure. Results: Six (6.7%) patients dropped out of the treatment due to intolerable bladder irritation. Fifty-five (65.5%) of the remaining 84 patients, who completed the treatment, experienced ≧50% symptomatic improvement. After a regression analysis, three clinical variables were found to affect treatment adversely, i.e., the presence of advanced cystoscopic glomerulations, microscopic hematuria, and urodynamic detrusor underactivity, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest bladder instillation with a DMSO cocktail may well be considered as first-line therapy for IC patients. However, there exists a subgroup of nonresponders who may have severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein extraction is a critical step in a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic analysis. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a small organic molecule, is widely used as a solvent in biological sciences. In this study, we modified the cleanup step of the commonly used trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone method of protein extraction by using 20 % DMSO/acetone as a solvent to wash TCA-acetone-precipitated pellets. The improved protocol (TCA/acetone-DMSO) was compared with the TCA/acetone and phenol extraction method based on the protein yield, the number of spots, and resolution on 2-DE maps. TCA/acetone-DMSO washing increased protein yield, and improved the resolution in 2-DE with less background, streaking, and smearing. This method also produced the highest number of protein spots. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to use DMSO as a cleanup solvent for TCA/acetone-precipitated proteins to enhance their quality prior to 2-DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were adapted into a serum-free suspension medium through steps of gradual serum weaning for the production of adenoviral (AdV) gene therapy vectors. The presence of sodium heparin in the medium formulation reduced cell clumping dramatically in suspension culture. The adapted cells were ready to grow either in serum-containing medium as an attached culture or in serum-free medium in suspension culture. A scalable production process was developed in shake flasks and was then evaluated in stirred tank bioreactors. This process includes a growth phase in batch-mode followed by a production phase involving medium perfusion and supplementation. Fortification with calcium chloride post viral inoculation resulted in an increase in virus production by at least one fold. Addition of stimulating agents such as sodium butyrate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), or ethyl alcohol post infection was shown to further improve virus production in a dose-dependent manner. The serum-free suspension process described here should be suitable for the manufacturing of other E1-deleted AdV vectors and could potentially be used for the production of recombinant proteins by HEK293 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantioselectivity for subtilisin-catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl 2-(4-substituted phenoxy)propionates in an aqueous buffer solution was improved by addition of DMSO (54–56% v/v). On the basis of the conformational change of subtilisin Carlsberg observed for FT-IR and CD spectra, the high enantioselectivity for subtilisin-catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic ethyl 2-(4-ethylphenoxy)propionate could be related to a partial decrease of the tertiary structure of the enzyme protein arising from an increase of the ratio of DMSO in the reaction medium. This mechanistic model for the enantiorecognition can also be supported by the discussion based on the value of the Michaelis constant (Km) obtained for each enantiomer of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to characterize phosphorylated proteins and to evaluate the changes in their phosphorylation level under the influence of a peroxisome proliferator (PP) with hypolipidemic activity of the fibrate family. The incubation of rat hepatic derived Fao cells with ciprofibrate leads to an overphosphorylation of proteins, especially one of 85 kDa, indicating that kinase (or phosphatase) activities are modified. Moreover, immunoprecipitation of 32P-labeled cell lysates shows that the nuclear receptor, PP-activated receptor, α isoform, can exist in a phosphorylated form, and its phosphorylation is increased by ciprofibrate. This study shows that PP acts at different steps of cell signaling. These steps can modulate gene expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis, as well as in detoxication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolated rat Islets of Langerhans have been frozen to and stored at −196°. After thawing, these islets were capable of secreting near normal levels of insulin in response to graded glucose challenge. Maximal retention of functional viability as measured by the ability of the islets to secrete insulin in response to a glucose challenge was obtained after freezing islets at a cooling rate of approximately 75° per minute in the presence of 1.0 mol/l dimethyl sulfoxol followed by warming at rates of > 3.5° /minute. The critical freezing parameters include the time and temperature of exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide, the rate of cooling, the temperature of the post-thaw dilution from the freezing medium and the presence of serum in the dilution medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine-adenylate cyclase response in pig skin epidermis showed a specific increase after longterm (24 h) incubation in the presence of 0.5%-1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). There was no significant difference between control and DMSO-treated epidermis with regard to cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activity. DMSO had no effect on the basal cAMP levels of epidermis; beta-adrenergic and histamine-adenylate cyclase responses were not affected. The direct addition of DMSO at the time of incubation with various adenylate cyclase stimulators (adenosine, epinephrine, and histamine) had no effect on agonist-induced cAMP accumulation effects. It was concluded that DMSO affected epidermal keratino-cytes during long-term incubation, resulting in a specific increase in the adenosine-adenylate cyclase response. Although the biological significance of this DMSO effect remains to be determined, it should be kept in mind when using DMSO as a solvent for various chemicals in the experiments dealing with epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]