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Since gaining independence in the early 19th century, Mexico embarked on a path toward building a nation-state. In criticizing the evolutionism that promotes white supremacy, Mexican society has embarked on a journey of introspection, delving into the essence of its indigenous national character. Following the Mexican Revolution at the turn of the 20th century, a nationalism advocating for integration was firmly established. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) government incorporated the principles of national integration into the broader building of the nation-state. On the one hand, it affirmed the crucial role of indigenous peoples and their cultures, tracing the origins of the Mexican nation-state back to these roots. On the other hand, the promotion of unified education, coupled with the implementation of a land-centered state corporatist system, aimed to achieve the integration and governance of Indigenous peoples, thereby incorporating them into the nation-building process and ultimately facilitating the integration of the nation-state. While the PRI government's integration efforts led to tendencies towards marginalization and assimilation of indigenous peoples, alongside insufficient attention to their rights and political participation, it fundamentally changed the historically unrecognized status of indigenous communities since the colonial era. These efforts primarily addressed the issues that had challenged Mexican social development concerning indigenous peoples since the colonial era, contributing to maintaining national stability over an extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers, who are responsible for unaccompanied minors (UAM), have in-depth knowledge of those minors' backgrounds and the reception pathways they follow. The social workers support key aspects of UAM integration such as learning the host country's language, school integration and vocational training. Via 566 interviews collected through a survey carried out in collaboration with the Municipality of Milan, we asked social workers to provide an overall evaluation of the progress of each reception path, to test a synthetic indicator capable of effectively measuring UAM progress. We confirmed the reliability of this indicator, as the results correlated with outcomes used in the literature to assess UAM pathways, such as learning the host country's language, uninterrupted schooling and training, and deviant behaviour related to crime and drug abuse. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify the UAM characteristics associated with the overall operator's evaluation. Our analysis showed that the duration of stay in Italy before and after the start of the reception process had an impact on the social workers' evaluations, as did certain pre-arrival characteristics such as country of origin, years of study in the home country and underlying motivations for migrating. Finally, the psychological vulnerability of a significant number of UAM, often linked to traumatic experiences leading to migration or experienced during the journey, significantly penalises the success of reception pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban environments, space constraints necessitate innovative construction methods. Due to rising demand for infrastructures and scarcity of plane ground, structures are built on sloping or irregular ground. To make use of available land, vertical cuts or excavations are made in the natural soil stratum which can be effectively retained using the soil nailing technique. However, if the area adjacent to the nailed vertical cut is utilised for constructing a multi-storeyed building, the behaviour of the nailed structure may vary. This study examines the impact of the presence of multi-storeyed RC buildings on the response of soil-nailed structures in their proximity during earthquake ground motion. The seismic response of a soil-nailed structure is evaluated in the presence of various heights of medium-rise multi-storeyed buildings. Three-dimensional multi-storeyed buildings and soil-nailed structures are analysed with various arrangements and connectivities between them, taking into account different soil profiles at the site. Dynamic finite element analyses of integrated soil-nailed wall-building systems have been performed using time history data of ground motion. The findings suggest that the integration between the two structures enhances the seismic stability of both the structures under dynamic load as evident in the reduced deformation and acceleration of the structures. It restricts the lateral movement of the nailed wall and reduces its displacement by about 40%. This integration can be implemented in space-constrained sites for optimum utilisation of available space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peri-urban area poses a complex challenge, acknowledged for its diverse morphologies and temporalities. This article aims to provide a tool for understanding this area better and to assess the integration or exclusion of the Mitidja peri-urban area in the territorial dynamics of the Algiers metropolitan area. Geomatics and multi-criteria decision support tools, employing the AHP method and geographic information systems, were utilized. The analysis assessed the relative economic contribution considering variables like distance, population, industry, trade, and services. Results revealed significant economic roles played by certain peri-urban municipalities, challenging preconceived notions about their limited economic impact and exclusion from the Algiers metropolitan area. The research analysis clearly shows that peri-urbanization is constantly expanding, with peri-urban municipalities evolving under the shadow of the economic, social and environmental transformations of the Algiers metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the integration experiences of first-generation Kosovo Albanian migrants in European countries, referred to as Gastarbeiter, whose migration initially meant at temporary employment. Despite this initial intention for temporary work, many of these migrants ultimately became long-term or permanent residents, revealing the shortcomings of the original migration policy. Drawing on 23 biographical interviews conducted between 2014 and 2016 with migrants in Germany and Switzerland, the research question guiding this exploration is: To what extent has the integration of first-generation Kosovo Albanian “Gastarbeiter” in Europe been impacted by the challenges they faced in raising concerns, integrating into the labor market, and assimilating into the host society? The aim is to provide nuanced insights into migration processes and inform strategies for effective integration policies. The article highlights challenges faced by Kosovo Albanian Gastarbeiter, including limited opportunities to voice concerns, integrate into the labor market, and assimilate into the host society. Despite these obstacles, many chose to settle in their host countries, often bringing family members along. The transition from individual to family migration, coupled with the acquisition of language skills and understanding of host society norms, traditions, and regulations, significantly contributed to improved living conditions and integration outcomes in host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between feminist movements and racialised migrant women in Europe remains marred by the continued marginalisation of migrant women's political claims in feminist struggles, despite the circulation of intersectional discourses within academic and activist circles. This article documents important spaces of experimentation which Black activists are creating within the Italian feminist movement to give voice to racialised migrant women without the mediating intervention of white feminists. Rooted in an understanding of the margins as a site of resistance, such efforts engage in practices of refusal and talking back to reclaim a Black epistemic identity which powerfully interpellates Italian institutions and feminist activists. Black migrant women demand the recognition not only of their inherent capacity to speak, act, decide, but also of their ability to articulate a political analysis and a political project to challenge the intersectional discrimination and violence they face. Their struggle centres work as a site of compounding gendered and racialised exploitation, thus carrying the potential to expand feminist thinking and action on reproductive labour, labour participation and equal pay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Episodic memory is essential for forming and retaining personal experiences, representing a fundamental aspect of human cognition. Traditional studies of episodic memory have typically used static analysis methods, viewing the brain as an unchanging entity and overlooking its dynamic properties over time. In this study, we utilized dynamic functional connectivity analysis on fMRI data from healthy adults performing an episodic memory task. We quantified integration and recruitment metrics and examined their correlation with memory performance using Pearson correlation. During encoding, integration across the entire brain, especially within the frontoparietal subnetwork, was significantly correlated with memory performance. During retrieval, recruitment becomes significantly associated with memory performance in visual subnetwork, somatomotor subnetwork, and ventral attention subnetwork. At the nodal level, a significant negative correlation was observed between memory scores and integration of the anterior cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus within the frontoparietal network during encoding task. During retrieval task, a significant negative correlation was found between memory scores and recruitment in the left progranular cortex and right transverse gyral ventral, whereas positive correlations were seen in the right posterior inferior temporal, left middle temporal, right frontal operculum, and left operculum nodes. Moreover, the dynamic reconfiguration of the functional network was predictive of predict memory performance, as demonstrated by a significant correlation between actual and predicted memory scores. These findings advance our understanding network mechanisms underlying memory processes and developing intervention approaches for memory-related disorders as they shed light on critical factors involved in cognitive processes and provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that if q 1 , ⋯ , q m : R n → R are quadratic forms in variables x 1 , ⋯ , x n such that each q k depends on at most r variables and each q k has common variables with at most r other forms, then the average value of the product (1 + q 1) ⋯ (1 + q m) with respect to the standard Gaussian measure in R n can be approximated within relative error ϵ > 0 in quasi-polynomial n O (1) m O (ln m - ln ϵ) time, provided | q k (x) | ⩽ γ ‖ x ‖ 2 / r for some absolute constant γ > 0 and k = 1 , ... , m . The integral in question is viewed as the independence polynomial of an auxiliary weighted graph and then the method of polynomial interpolation is applied. When q k are interpreted as pairwise squared distances for configurations of points in Euclidean space, the average can be interpreted as the partition function of systems of particles with mollified logarithmic potentials. We sketch possible applications to testing the feasibility of systems of real quadratic equations and to computing permanents of positive definite Hermitian matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a brief training, the Integrative Writing Training (IWT), to introduce students to two types of rhetorical devices (i.e., direct and indirect integration) that can be used to communicate cross-textual connections through writing. The training did not significantly increase the volume of integration included in students' written responses, composed based on multiple texts, relative to a control group; although improvements were found when students were compared to others receiving a writing-organization focused training. Directions for future research and, particularly, the need to attend to students' use of rhetorical devices to communicate integration when writing based on multiple texts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines issues concerning the further development of intelligent technology for constructing dynamic integrated expert systems with an emphasis on methods and tools of constructing simulation models of the external environment as an integral stage in the development of dynamic integrated expert systems based on problem-oriented methodology and the AT-TECHNOLOGY workbench. The on-board software complex of the spacecraft is used as an experimental problem domain for prototyping a dynamic integrated expert system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While German migration policies aim to provide temporary protection and integrate Ukrainian refugees into German society as early as possible, the procedures and ideas of integration might be perceived differently by the beneficiaries. The feeling of "permanent temporariness" has been persistent among Ukrainians since March 2022. In this situation, some of the refugees renounce their agency and put responsibility on decision-making onto the state, while others oppose the idea of "being integrated" since they see their time in Germany as temporary, and their future in Ukraine as soon as the security situation allows them to return. Drawing on the experiences of single Ukrainian women who received protection in Germany, the paper presents an anthropological perspective on person–state interactions in the context of refugees' future-planning. How do German policies for supporting Ukrainian refugees impact their "stay or return" decision-making? Do the policies address their needs now and allow them to make investments for the future, or, on the contrary, contribute to their decision to return to Ukraine, which appears to be "simpler" and "more predictable"? How does the experience of going through bureaucratic procedures contribute to the sense of having agency and being capable of shaping their today and tomorrow? To answer these questions, I am going to present the reasonings and emotions concerning bureaucratic procedures that are closely intertwined with the planning of their future by Ukrainian refugees in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how local stakeholders in Scania, the southernmost county of Sweden, talk about integration. Drawing on 28 qualitative interviews, we use the theoretical concept of interpretative repertoires to analyze perceptions and conceptualizations among those who work closely with migrant integration. We identify two interpretative repertoires that stakeholders draw upon to make sense of the concept on the ground: the separation and de-migranticization repertoires. The repertoires display a shared understanding among the stakeholders of integration as a failure, although they do not agree on the extent or cause of the perceived failures of integration, or even how the problems should be defined or tackled locally. Within the separation repertoire, integration is failing in terms of processes where primarily migrants are seen as accountable and responsible for their (in)ability to adapt to the Swedish society. Within the de-migranticization repertoire, integration is differently perceived as something that is plagued with misdirected or even false boundaries between groups (in this case "migrants" and "non-migrants"), and authorities are held accountable for problems beyond migrants and migration, such as inequality, racism, and discrimination. The findings reflect the contested field of integration on the ground and contribute to ongoing critical debates on the concept of integration within migration research, by providing snapshots from a bottom-up perspective of local stakeholders' acceptance of, or resistance to, present-day integration discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of integration implies an imbalance between people, where immigrants are those who are obligated to integrate into the society of a new country. Thus, I suggest that alongside of integration, the focus should be the process of belonging and to how different local actors participate in the belonging process. In this study, I examine how people who try to promote immigrants' integration, namely local migration coordinators, project employees and volunteers, create immigrants' belonging in rural Finland. The data consist of fourteen semi-structured interviews. My research questions are (1) What symbolic boundaries do local integration workers construct when they speak about immigrants and their integration? and (2) What kind of belonging do they (re)produce for immigrants through these boundaries? I argue that local integration workers establish a notion of belonging that follows the official, national integration policy on language, employment, active membership, and individual immigrants' adaptation. However, they simultaneously expand the boundaries of belonging by highlighting the responsibility of the local community in the process, and by emphasising immigrants' personal desires, individuality and experiences of a sense of being at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the evolution of integration as a concept in coastal zone planning through an analysis of Norwegian municipal coastal zone plans spanning a 35-year period. By drawing on the framework of governmentality, we show how the coastal zone and the activities taking place there are being subject to problematizations, rationalizations and technologies for promoting integration. This illustrates how previous spatial dispositions themselves become problematized at later points, giving rise to new rationalizations and new technologies of governing, revealing a dynamic redefinition of integration in response to complex coastal governance challenges. What integration entails is not a given. Instead, it’s a fluid concept, evolving over time in meaning and intent. The paper also shows how ambitions for integrated or comprehensive planning can obscure the purpose of planning and increase complexity. With integration being framed as an undisputed answer to conflicts in the coastal zone, the difficulty of managing the multitude of coastal activities does not lead to a critical discussion on whether ‘integration’ is a fruitful ambition. Instead, it becomes an argument for yet more integrative efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores integrating blockchain technology into the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to address security and privacy challenges. Blockchain's transparency, confidentiality, and decentralization offer significant potential benefits in the healthcare domain. The research examines various blockchain components, layers, and protocols, highlighting their role in IoMT. It also explores IoMT applications, security challenges, and methods for integrating blockchain to enhance security. Blockchain integration can be vital in securing and managing this data while preserving patient privacy. It also opens up new possibilities in healthcare, medical research, and data management. The results provide a practical approach to handling a large amount of data from IoMT devices. This strategy makes effective use of data resource fragmentation and encryption techniques. It is essential to have well-defined standards and norms, especially in the healthcare sector, where upholding safety and protecting the confidentiality of information are critical. These results illustrate that it is essential to follow standards like HIPAA, and blockchain technology can help ensure these criteria are met. Furthermore, the study explores the potential benefits of blockchain technology for enhancing inter-system communication in the healthcare industry while maintaining patient privacy protection. The results highlight the effectiveness of blockchain's consistency and cryptographic techniques in combining identity management and healthcare data protection, protecting patient privacy and data integrity. Blockchain is an unchangeable distributed ledger system. In short, the paper provides important insights into how blockchain technology may transform the healthcare industry by effectively addressing significant challenges and generating legal, safe, and interoperable solutions. Researchers, doctors, and graduate students are the audience for our paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, international or migrant faculty researchers have explored the work roles, academic experiences, and identities of this community, while a new body of research has begun to draw on insights from migration studies to investigate to what extent and how they are integrated on campus. This paper seeks to extend these discussions by considering on-campus support for international faculty, their integration into the host society, and the relationship between these factors. Focusing on Japan and drawing on both a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews of recipients of the prestigious Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Post-Doctoral Fellowship, this study reveals that on-campus support is associated with higher levels of integration in Japanese society, but there are notable deficiencies in the linguistic and social support offered by universities. These findings indicate that universities seeking to attract and retain international talent should initially invest in language learning support services and reflect on the intermediary role they play between international faculty members and the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By aligning Saudi Vision 2030 with the UN's SDGs, this study highlights the significant role of integrating sustainable environmental design knowledge into architectural education in Saudi Arabia. Viewing this integration as a moral obligation, it emphasizes equipping future architects with the skills to create environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings, fostering a sustainable and resilient built environment. This paper aims to examine the degree of integration of sustainability knowledge and assess the structural models incorporated into the architectural programs of six Saudi Arabian universities. Adopting a quantitative approach with qualitative insights, this research focuses on universities certified by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) or accredited by recognized national and international bodies. This study is limited to the meso-level (curricular management) and includes structural models, course descriptions, learning outcomes, course sequences, and alignment with program visions and missions. A comprehensive review was conducted on all courses related to sustainability, collecting data from program websites. The main variables analyzed included sustainable environmental knowledge, total contact hours dedicated to sustainability courses, distribution across various course types, and patterns over a 5-year period. The units of analysis encompass program plans, vision and mission statements, learning outcomes, course syllabi, and descriptions. The findings reveal significant disparities in sustainability emphasis among programs, with Imam Abdul Rahman Al-Faisal University dedicating 42% of contact hours to sustainability, compared to 25 to 11% at other universities. This study highlights the need for integrating sustainability across design studio levels to provide students with practical skills across disciplines. Most programs use a "linear/parallel" or "partially integrated" model, requiring sustainability principles in graduation projects. However, elective sustainability courses are unpopular and do not adequately address curriculum gaps. This study highlights the necessity of further investigating the effectiveness of incorporating sustainability knowledge in architectural programs. Exploring specific areas for future research to enhance the integration of sustainability in architectural education is also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines young people's involvement in regional sustainability transformation processes based on a real-world experiment in a community of 5700 inhabitants on the southern outskirts of city of Vienna, Austria. The eight-month experiment aimed to explore methods and tools for transdisciplinary co-creation with youth, the impact of structural conditions on their participation and the effects of their integration. Findings highlight the crucial roles of topics relevant to youth, a trusted intermediary like a youth worker, and structural conditions such as political support and resource allocation in enhancing youth engagement success. Collaborative decision making with policymakers and direct communication were also key to effective participation. The real-world experiment laid the groundwork for future participatory methods and had an impact on youth–community relations. It affirmed the role of youth in regional development, with effects that extended beyond the immediate scope of the experiment in terms of time, space, and topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, in what can be called an 'integrationist wave', standardised integration requirements for naturalisation have become increasingly common in Europe. To examine the impact of such measures, I combine original ethnographic data on institutions involved in the implementation of citizenship policies in Belgium and the UK with a qualitative meta-analysis of existing ethnographic studies of the implementation of citizenship policies. I show how, in addition to introducing new obstacles to naturalisation, standardised requirements have also reduced the discretion inscribed in earlier procedures, albeit not uniformly across different cases. The integrationist wave could thus be understood not simply as the introduction of restrictive notions of integration, but also as the systemisation of earlier evaluation practices. I further show signs of a more recent tendency for states to retreat from examining the integration of candidates to citizenship, outsourcing the evaluation directly or indirectly to private actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of digital pathology (DP) into clinical diagnostic workflows is increasingly receiving attention as new hardware and software become available. To facilitate the adoption of DP, the Swiss Digital Pathology Consortium (SDiPath) organized a Delphi process to produce a series of recommendations for DP integration within Swiss clinical environments. This process saw the creation of 4 working groups, focusing on the various components of a DP system (1) scanners, quality assurance and validation of scans, (2) integration of Whole Slide Image (WSI)-scanners and DP systems into the Pathology Laboratory Information System, (3) digital workflow—compliance with general quality guidelines, and (4) image analysis (IA)/artificial intelligence (AI), with topic experts for each recruited for discussion and statement generation. The work product of the Delphi process is 83 consensus statements presented here, forming the basis for "SDiPath Recommendations for Digital Pathology". They represent an up-to-date resource for national and international hospitals, researchers, device manufacturers, algorithm developers, and all supporting fields, with the intent of providing expectations and best practices to help ensure safe and efficient DP usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the vertical strategies of home and foreign manufacturers that produce quality-differentiated products. In contrast to previous results that showed vertical separation as the dominant strategy, we find that the home manufacturer opts for vertical separation, while the foreign manufacturer chooses vertical integration under Bertrand competition. This is because the government of the importing country aims to increase consumer surplus by imposing tariffs, which allows the foreign manufacturer to export high-quality products at lower prices. Under Cournot competition, both manufacturers maintain a vertical separation strategy. However, if the quality levels of products are low, both manufacturers obtain higher profits when they choose vertical integration. This leads to a prisoner's dilemma situation for both manufacturers. In the case of a free trade policy, manufacturers always choose the separation strategy. Under Bertrand competition, integration leads to higher output levels and increases social welfare for the importing country due to the high level of importation of high-quality products, suggesting the tariff policy drive the foreign manufacturer towards integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are fundamental to circular economy, climate action, sustainable digital environment initiatives that addresses the higher need of shifting towards fully sustainable and renewable energy systems. The decentralized power system has been applied and interconnected to the system and accounting to the renewable energy mix, energy storage and distribution. A decentralized hybrid renewable energy system can be of much help in providing a deficit of power between energy generation and demand where a single renewable energy system is not sustainable and reliable. The aim of this study was to characterize the biomass, perform the biomethane potential test of the biomass, select suitable bio-digester using multi-criteria decision analysis, carry out simulation-modelling of the solar-anaerobic digestion system in achieving energy self-efficiency with the development of the dynamic models that of climatic condition, social-economic and technology feasible. The performance of the system was designed and optimised to get maximum output power and mitigation of the environment at a lower cost. The performance was analysed based on present cost, locally availability, environmentally friendly, cost of energy on the local tariffs, load satisfaction, fuel consumption savings, operation and maintenance cost, human and technology capital and pollutants saving rates. The results showed major energy consummation from the solar-biodigester system, technology solutions that maximize energy efficiency and reduce the heat loss in the AD process. Waste to energy (WtE) technology coupled with the solar system could be viewed as key to sustainable, affordable and clean electricity generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the integration and unification of the philosophy and psychology of well-being. For the most part, these disciplines investigate well-being without reference to each other. In recent years, however, with the maturing of each discipline, there have been a growing number of calls to integrate the two. While such calls are welcome, what it means to integrate well-being philosophy and psychology can vary greatly depending on one’s theoretical and practical ends. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel conceptual framework for thinking about integrating well-being philosophy and psychology that systematically categorizes different kinds of integration projects. We divide existing attempts in the literature into three broad categories according to the perspective from which the integration takes place: (1) top-down meta-theoretical unification; (2) psychological integration within philosophy; and (3) philosophical integration within psychology. These categories are then broken down into various further subcategories. Our aim in providing this framework is both to facilitate the assessment and comparison of existing integration attempts and to provide a roadmap for future integration attempts. For each category, we discuss one or two representative examples of the approaches. By doing so, we hope to generate interest in the wide variety of existing integration projects, as well as to generate discussion concerning the benefits and pitfalls of different approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal-oriented requirements engineering aims to describe both stakeholders and system goals and their relationships using goal models. Large goal models for complex systems are often constructed from sub-models describing various stakeholders' views and context-related aspects. These goal-oriented sub-models, also called views, may exhibit overlaps and present discrepancies. Hence, integrating such views is considered a significant barrier to the construction of a unified goal model. Current approaches to merging goal models require intensive human intervention. This paper proposes an approach and a prototype tool, called GRLMerger, to integrate two GRL (Goal-oriented Requirement Language) models into one consolidated model that is correct, complete, and free from any conflict that may arise during the merging process. GRLMerger considers both syntactic and semantic aspects of the GRL models and allows analysts to merge them either interactively or in a fully automated mode. GRLMerger employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to match intentional elements based on their semantic similarity. The proposed GRLMerger approach and tool have been validated using 12 experimental tasks derived from two case studies, exhibiting very promising performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue was motivated by the realization that student motivation is inherently complex and no single framework can capture it in its full richness. However, the current zeitgeist in educational psychology seems to explicitly discourage attempts at integration as researchers are incentivized to stay within their own theoretical camps. In this special issue, we asked seven research teams to revisit their theoretical assumptions and cross-fertilize their own theories with other frameworks. We also invited three distinguished luminaries to critique and comment on this undertaking. We highlighted key issues that prevent cross-fertilization of ideas across theoretical borders, surfaced potential dangers associated with naïve integration, and proffered future directions that could nudge motivation science towards a more cumulative and integrative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International doctoral students are key actors in globalized knowledge society. While the value of international doctorates lies in the ability to develop and leverage knowledge across borders and cultures, such competencies can be acquired only when students successfully integrate into the host systems or universities in their international mobility experiences. However, international doctoral students encounter multiple challenges in integration, highlighting a mismatch between their expectations and the practices at the host universities. This article unpacks this mismatch and its causes from an institutional logics' perspective through interviews with ten Chinese doctoral students and four Finnish supervisors. We found that Chinese students' expectations of doctoral education were largely influenced by the institutional logics of profession, bureaucratic state, and family, whereas the contexts of Finnish universities were mainly informed by the logics of profession, democratic state, and corporation. The disparity in logic constellations led to the students' confusion about their role and relations with supervisors. Further, this study shows that reciprocal learning in intercultural supervision can mitigate logics conflicts and create opportunities for innovations in doctoral education in the host university. We call for more efforts to reconcile the logics conflicts that that affect students' integration, as this could foster organizational innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International students (IS) are increasingly positioned as "ideal" economic immigrants for their supposedly limited settlement and integration needs, resulting in a growing number of education-migration, or edugration, immigration pathways. However, the settlement and integration experiences student-migrants undergo during edugration are undertheorized. Using collaborative autoethnography (CAE), we examine five graduate student-migrants' edugration experiences in Canada. Our interest is not whether student-migrants are sufficiently integrated or settled through the eyes of the state, but rather the experiential impacts of edugration; in other words, we examine not the process of assimilation but the experience of being positioned as "easily" assimilated subjects. Our findings suggest three distinct experiential categories produced by edugration: unfamiliarity, uncertainty, and ambivalence. Together, these experiences form a unique settlement and integration experience due to extended periods of temporariness. Through this conceptualization, we argue that the recruitment of IS through multi-step migration pathways like edugration presents ethical questions for both the state and higher education. While we support strategic calls for more coordinated, cross-sectoral efforts to improve the lived experiences of student-migrants, we caution against justifying these calls based on neoliberal, econometric, or (neo)colonial rationales regarding (1) the value of IS as human capital, and (2) assimilationist notions of settlement and integration. We instead encourage more critical, nuanced discussions of student-migrant experiences which actively resist such logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MINLO (mixed-integer nonlinear optimization) formulations of the disjunction between the origin and a polytope via a binary indicator variable have broad applicability in nonlinear combinatorial optimization, for modeling a fixed cost c associated with carrying out a set of d activities and a convex variable cost function f associated with the levels of the activities. The perspective relaxation is often used to solve such models to optimality in a branch-and-bound context, especially in the context in which f is univariate (e.g., in Markowitz-style portfolio optimization). But such a relaxation typically requires conic solvers and are typically not compatible with general-purpose NLP software which can accommodate additional classes of constraints. This motivates the study of weaker relaxations to investigate when simpler relaxations may be adequate. Comparing the volume (i.e., Lebesgue measure) of the relaxations as means of comparing them, we lift some of the results related to univariate functions f to the multivariate case. Along the way, we survey, connect and extend relevant results on integration over a simplex, some of which we concretely employ, and others of which can be used for further exploration on our main subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three decades, we have become more dependent on wireless connectivity to access services and applications from nearly anywhere. The overstated emergence of the all-encompassing fifth generation (5G) of mobile systems begs the question of the future of the new generation of IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) solutions. However, Wi-Fi has certain advantages compared to cellular systems in different ways: (i) a fast-paced standardization process; (ii) a diverse, agile, and highly competitive manufacturer base; and (iii) a broad base of early adopters for both office and house wireless networks. In addition, the rise of enabling technologies, such as software-defined wireless networks, may allow more robust and reliable Wi-Fi networks to bridge gaps in Wi-Fi technology to reach several vertical sectors. This review provides a technical analysis of the relationship between broadband wireless and Wi-Fi technologies. Wi-Fi has taken decisive steps with the evolution of several standards, and there is already evidence that Wi-Fi may partially (or completely) fulfill 5G's strict service requirements. Next, we discussed the Wi-Fi and 5G convergence, which allow more control over user experiences and provide better service. This review concludes with an analysis of open challenges in the convergence of 5G and Wi-Fi systems. We conclude that Wi-Fi technology has and will continue to have a decisive role as an access technology in the new ecosystem of wireless networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with cancer often want to spend their final days at home. In Norway, most patients with cancer die in institutions. We hypothesized that full integration of oncology and palliative care services would result in more time spent at home during end-of-life. Methods: A prospective non-randomized intervention trial was conducted in two rural regions of Mid-Norway. The hospitals' oncology and palliative care outpatient clinics and surrounding communities participated. An intervention including information, education, and a standardized care pathway was developed and implemented. Adult non-curative patients with cancer were eligible. Proportion of last 90 days of life spent at home was the primary outcome. Results: We included 129 patients in the intervention group (I) and 76 patients in the comparison group (C), of whom 82% of patients in I and 78% of patients in C died during follow-up. The mean proportion of last 90 days of life spent at home was 0.62 in I and 0.72 in C (p = 0.044), with 23% and 36% (p = 0.073), respectively, dying at home. A higher proportion died at home in both groups compared to pre-study level (12%). During the observation period the comparison region developed and implemented an alternative intervention to the study intervention, with the former more focused on end-of-life care. Conclusion: A higher proportion of patients with cancer died at home in both groups compared to pre-study level. Patients with cancer in I did not spend more time at home during end-of-life compared to those in C. The study intervention focused on the whole disease trajectory, while the alternative intervention was more directed towards end-of-life care. "Simpler" and more focused interventions on end-of-life care may be relevant for future studies on integration of palliative care into oncology. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02170168. Plain Language Summary: Palliative care is an important part of cancer care to improve patients' quality of life. To be cared for and die in the preferred place are quality markers in palliative care. Patients with cancer often want to spend their final days at home. In Norway, most patients with cancer die in institutions. We hypothesized that full integration of cancer and palliative care would result in more time spent at home during end-of-life. An intervention that included information, education, and a standardized care pathway was developed and implemented in a region of Mid-Norway (the intervention region, I). A similar region served as comparison region (C). Adult patients with cancer treated with non-curative intent were eligible. Altogether, 129 patients in I and 76 patients in C were included in the study, of whom 82% in I and 78% in C died during follow-up. The mean proportion of time spent at home last 90 days of life was 0.62 in I and 0.72 in C (p = 0.044), and 22.6% and 35.6% (p = 0.073) died at home, respectively. A higher proportion died at home in both groups compared to pre-study national levels (12%). During the study period, C developed and implemented an alternative intervention to the study intervention, with the former placing more focus on end-of-life care compared to the she study intervention that focused on the whole disease trajectory. This may explain why the intervention did not result in more time spent at home during end-of-life as compared to C. "Simpler" interventions directed towards the study's primary outcome may be relevant for future studies on integration of palliative care into oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fake news can have enduring effects on memory and beliefs. An ongoing theoretical debate has investigated whether corrections (fact-checks) should include reminders of fake news. The familiarity backfire account proposes that reminders hinder correction (increasing interference), whereas integration-based accounts argue that reminders facilitate correction (promoting memory integration). In three experiments, we examined how different types of corrections influenced memory for and belief in news headlines. In the exposure phase, participants viewed real and fake news headlines. In the correction phase, participants viewed reminders of fake news that either reiterated the false details (complete) or prompted recall of missing false details (partial); reminders were followed by fact-checked headlines correcting the false details. Both reminder types led to proactive interference in memory for corrected details, but complete reminders produced less interference than partial reminders (Experiment 1). However, when participants had fewer initial exposures to fake news and experienced a delay between exposure and correction, this effect was reversed; partial reminders led to proactive facilitation, enhancing correction (Experiment 2). This effect occurred regardless of the delay before correction (Experiment 3), suggesting that the effects of partial reminders depend on the number of prior fake news exposures. In all experiments, memory and perceived accuracy were better when fake news and corrections were recollected, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding. Overall, we show that when memories of fake news are weak or less accessible, partial reminders are more effective for correction; when memories of fake news are stronger or more accessible, complete reminders are preferable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating palliative care into the treatment of patients with advanced hematological malignancies (HM) remains challenging. To explore treating physicians' perspectives on current palliative care practice and to evaluate factors influencing integration, we conducted a nationwide online survey. Based on literature and expert review, the survey addressed the importance of palliative care, communication about life-threatening conditions, challenges in establishing goals of care, and factors influencing the integration of palliative care. 207 physicians treating patients with HM in Germany participated. We used standard descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data and a content structuring approach. Most physicians considered palliative care in HM to be very important (60.6%) and discussed life-threatening conditions with more than half of their patients (52%), especially when goals of care were changed (87.0%) or when patients raised the topic (84.0%). Disease-related factors, different professional perspectives on prognosis, and patient hopes were the main barriers to changing goals of care, but collaboration with colleagues and multidisciplinary teams provided important support. Time constraints were identified as the main barrier to integrating palliative care. The majority worked well with palliative care teams. Referral processes and conditions were perceived as minor barriers. The study highlights the need to address barriers to integrating palliative care into the management of patients with advanced HM. Future research should aim at optimizing palliative care for patients with HM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the devices that integrate phase change memory (PCM) and ovonic threshold switching (OTS), the OTS threshold voltage often surpasses the RESET operation voltage of PCM. The conventional application of square pulses hinders the successful completion of the SET operation in these integrated devices. To address this challenge, a novel pulse called the surge pulse is introduced, which comprises a high amplitude pulse for OTS activation and a low amplitude pulse for PCM operation. By employing COMSOL simulation, the operational effectiveness of both square pulses and surge pulses is validated. Test results reveal that using a square pulse to operate the integrated device accelerates the occurrence of SET-stuck failure (SSF). In contrast, the surge pulse enables the integrated device to operate for at least 1000 cycles while preserving the essential cyclic characteristics. Additionally, an investigation into the overshoot component of the surge pulse is conducted, revealing that an increase in overshoot amplitude and pulse width also accelerates the emergence of SSF. By applying the theory of ion migration induced by the electric field, the root cause of SSF in integrated devices is explained, and the accuracy of the theory is validated through the application of a reverse pulse. In summary, this study elucidates the rationality of replacing the square pulse with a surge pulse, presenting a superior approach for operating PCM and OTS integrated devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of meaning-making is increasingly identified as a crucial process and an entry point for sustainability transformations in a wide range of contexts and approaches, but it has not yet been studied in this field as an independent concept. In other literature, meaning-making has recently been focused on, yielding valuable information on how to better conceptualize and design events to trigger transformations. Furthermore, that study indicated the presence of underlying mechanisms of meaning-making, which might provide further design insights and theoretical underpinning. Here we investigate those underlying mechanisms, in a case which spans the two literatures. Village leaders in Botswana underwent the specialist shared-values crystallization group process within the WeValue InSitu approach and underwent a sustainability transformation, producing a significantly superior climate change adaptation plan. Using micro-concepts from Personal Knowledge Theory for line-by-line fine-toothed analysis, we reveal mechanisms underlying meaning-making by individuals and the group. The findings show two distinct types of micro-meaningmaking sequences were found: one was assimilative and a rarer one adaptive, involving participants modifying some premises. This distinction allows the micromoment of individual transformation to be identified, allowing ex and ante study to understand better what happened beforehand to cause it, and how it led onward to group and wider transformations. Another finding was that paired cognitive and communicative processes make up iterative meaning-making sequences where individuals take in new stimuli, understand tacitly, articulate the new meaning moreexplicitly, and repeat. Micro-meaning-making thus appears to be micro-integration between aspects of knowledge: tacit/explicit; external/internal. Design implications involve better considerations on assisting participants to access their own tacit spaces; to ensure they have shared experiences which allow intersubjective interactions to trigger and accelerate individual and collective meaning-making; that this space is protected from interruptions such as latecomers, stop–starting the session, and facilitators inserting personal content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Patient-focused healthcare applications are important to patients because they offer a range of advantages that add value and improve the overall healthcare experience. The 5G networks, along with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), can greatly transform healthcare applications, which in turn improves patient care. MEC plays an important role in the healthcare of patients by bringing computing resources to the edge of the network. It becomes part of an IoT system within healthcare that brings data closer to the core, speeds up decision-making, lowers latency, and improves the overall quality of care. While the usage of MEC and 5G networks is beneficial for healthcare purposes, there are some issues and difficulties that should be solved for the efficient introduction of this technological pair into healthcare. One of the critical issues that blockchain technology can help to overcome is the challenge faced by MEC in realizing the most potential applications involving IoT medical devices. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on IoT-based healthcare devices, which provide real-time solutions to patients, and discusses some major contributions made by MEC and 5G in the healthcare industry. The paper also discusses some of the limitations that 5G and MEC networks have in the IoT medical devices area, especially in the field of decentralized computing solutions. For this reason, the readership intended for this article is not only researchers but also graduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a three-dimensional (3D) modeling method for sequentially and spatially understanding situations in unknown environments from an image sequence acquired from a camera. The proposed method chronologically divides the image sequence into sub-image sequences by the number of images, generates local 3D models from the sub-image sequences by the Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo (SfM–MVS), and integrates the models. Images in each sub-image sequence partially overlap with previous and subsequent sub-image sequences. The local 3D models are integrated into a 3D model using transformation parameters computed from camera trajectories estimated by the SfM–MVS. In our experiment, we quantitatively compared the quality of integrated models with a 3D model generated from all images in a batch and the computational time to obtain these models using three real data sets acquired from a camera. Consequently, the proposed method can generate a quality integrated model that is compared with a 3D model using all images in a batch by the SfM–MVS and reduce the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in fostering job creation and economic growth, underscoring the need to encourage and support youth in establishing and developing businesses. In Tanzania, where the unemployment rate stands at 2.75% as of 2021, the rising rate (from 2.2% in 2019) necessitates a profound discussion on education for poverty reduction. This study addresses three key questions: (i) from the international experiences, can the entrepreneurship education be effectively integrated into mainstream secondary schools? (ii) What strategies are preferably employed in other countries to integrate entrepreneurship into secondary education? (iii) Based on international experiences, what contextual approach can be adopted by Tanzania to integrate entrepreneurship into middle school education? By employing the PRISMA framework, document review was primarily employed to gain valuable insights. The findings highlighted the importance of teaching entrepreneurship from an early age, recommending strategies such as extracurricular activities, integration of entrepreneurship into related subjects like computer education, and offering it as a stand-alone subject, all while considering contextual factors. Although challenges persist, it is evident that Tanzania's main hurdle in entrepreneurship education and reducing unemployment lies primarily on political willingness rather than financial capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with serious mental illness face inequity in receiving primary care services. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) granted funds to Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHC) to integrate primary care and behavioral health specialties to increase access to care. This mixed method study aimed to measure the SAMHSA-defined levels of reverse integration at a CCBHC at one point in time. Providers and patients provided feedback through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data was investigated for themes, while the quantitative data was run through inferential analysis with the Kruskal Wallis H test. Clinically meaningful results showed people using primary care at the integrated clinic were more satisfied and were more apt to continue seeing their current providers than those receiving non-integrated care. The CCBHC achieved level 4 integration; factors investigated confirmed proximity alone does not necessitate integration without effective communication and implementation of practice changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning from multiple documents is an essential ability in today's society. This experimental study used concept network analysis to consider how reading prompts and post-reading generative learning tasks can alter students' documents integration performance. Undergraduates (N = 119) read three documents about Alzheimer's disease with one of two reading prompts (integrative prompts vs. detailed prompts) and then after reading completed a generative learning task (concept mapping vs. summary writing). Three days later they completed a delayed writing task and an inference verification test. Participants' written texts were converted to concept networks to evaluate conceptual level integration, including the quantity of integration (measured by the proportion of integrative links), the semantic quality of integration (measured by the similarity of integrative links), and the structural quality of integration (measured by comparing network graph centrality). Results showed that the integrative prompts relative to the detailed prompts enhanced the quantity of integration but not the semantic and structural quality. Further, concept mapping relative to summary writing significantly improved the structural quality of integration. In summary, this study describes a new concept network approach for measuring different aspects of integration to advance theory and research in multiple document comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a classification method for multiple text reading test formats in English language proficiency tests. A preliminary study involving 11 proficiency tests revealed two tests that fit the scope of the main study. Results show that multiple text reading test formats use complementary texts rather than conflicting texts. As for questions in a set of test forms in multiple text reading test formats, cognitive processing on integrating the contents of texts was different in proficiency tests. Moreover, the type of connection formation required by the questions differed among the proficiency tests. Implications for pedagogy are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have elaborated on how different types of integration can support teachers' learning and build their capacity to teach for the enhancement of students' STEM competence. Teaching in a STEM education context requires mathematics teachers to be able to effectively choose, design and implement appropriate tasks in their classes. Given the important role of teachers and tasks as vehicles for STEM education, this paper reviews literature on STEM teacher education programs associated with STEM tasks for preservice and in-service secondary mathematics teachers. After searching for and reviewing the 14 relevant articles, the analytical results indicated that (a) teachers' STEM knowledge and practices have not been commonly assessed as the outcomes of STEM teacher education programs, although they are explicitly counted as the goals of STEM teacher education programs; (b) the approach of multi-disciplinary concepts integrated with uni-disciplinary practice is mostly adopted as the approach to STEM integration; (c) task design features identified from the articles can be classified by elements of task design (i.e., goals, principles and instructional focus) and task design factors (i.e., disciplinary knowledge, cognition and metacognition, affect); and (d) most programs provide both acquisition and participation approaches to developing mathematics teachers' knowledge in STEM education. The review results shed light on the design and implementation of STEM tasks and STEM teacher education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Despite highly effective biomedical HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options, suboptimal PrEP uptake impedes progress towards ending the epidemic in the United States of America (USA). Implementation science bridges what we know works in controlled clinical trial settings to the context and environment in which efficacious tools are intended to be deployed. In this review, we focus on strategies that target PrEP use barriers at the system or structural level, exploring the implications and opportunities in the context of the fragmented USA healthcare system. Recent Findings: Task shifting could increase PrEP prescribers, but effectiveness evidence is scarce in the USA, and generally focused in urban settings. Integration of PrEP within existing healthcare infrastructure concentrates related resources, but demonstration projects rarely present the resource implications of redirecting staff. Changing the site of service via expanded telehealth could improve access to more rural populations, though internet connectivity, technology access, and challenges associated with determining biomedical eligibility remain logistical barriers for some of the highest burden communities in the USA. Finally, a tailored care navigation and coordination approach has emerged as a highly effective component of PrEP service provision, attempting to directly modify the system-level determinants of PrEP use experienced by the individual. Summary: We highlight recent advances and evidence surrounding task shifting, integration, service delivery, and tailoring. With the exception of tailored care navigation, evidence is mixed, and the downstream impact and sustainability of task shifting and care integration require further attention. To maximize PrEP outcomes, research will need to continue to examine the interplay between individuals, clinics, and the healthcare system and associated policies within which they operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating science and mathematics in the elementary classroom is a significant challenge, as evidenced by the few convincing examples currently available in the scholarly literature. Yet, this integration is often seen as presenting epistemological and pedagogical value. This study aims to measure the impact of science and mathematics (S&M) learning situations on certain perceptual variables, namely, self-efficacy (SE), interest, and perceived S&M links, by comparing three experimental conditions: (0) control, (1) science, and (2) integration of S&M. Multilevel linear regressions using data from the Science and Mathematics Integration Questionnaire (SMIQ) suggest that making mathematics explicit in science learning situations (2) or keeping mathematics instruction implicit (1) significantly increases SE in science and SE in mathematics compared to the control condition (0). Further analysis suggests that there were significant a posteriori differences between conditions in students' ability to perceive the links between science and mathematics, with the highest score being for S&M and the lowest for control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinha's (Journal of Humanistic Psychology,5, 6–17; 1965) vision of a vibrant Indian psychology foresaw the need for integrating Indian thought with western psychology in India. The research that followed led to establish an Indian psychology rooted in spiritually oriented ancient Indian thought. This psychology excluded the biologically conditioned psychology of western origin. However, the two were brought together into an encompassing frame of indigenous psychology contextualized in folkways and lived experiences of people. The common frame encouraged borrowing from each other paving a way to further integration by systematic investigations of how biological impulses and spiritual orientation get combined to lead common Indians to live in mundane while striving for and momentarily gaining on spirituality. Spirituality for them means prioritizing others' and collective's interests over their own and engaging in activities that they think are their duties begetting a peaceful worth living life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural organization of HIV-1 integrase is based on a tetramer formed by two protein dimers. Within this tetramer, the catalytic domain of one subunit of the first dimer interacts with the N-terminal domain of the second dimer subunit. It is the tetrameric structure that allows both ends of the viral DNA to be correctly positioned relative to the cellular DNA and to realize catalytic functions of integrase, namely 3′-processing and strand transfer. However, during the HIV-1 replicative cycle, integrase is responsible not only for the integration stage, it is also involved in reverse transcription and is necessary at the stage of capsid formation of the newly formed virions. It has been suggested that HIV-1 integrase is a structurally dynamic protein and its biological functions depend on its structure. Accordingly, studying interactions between the domains of integrase that provide its tetrameric structure is important for understanding its multiple functions. In this work, we investigated the role of three amino acids of the catalytic domain, I182, R187, and K188, located in the contact region of two integrase dimers in the tetramer structure, in reverse transcription and integration. It has been shown that the R187 residue is extremely important for formation of the correct integrase structure, which is necessary at all stages of its functional activity. The I182 residue is necessary for successful integration and is not important for reverse transcription, while the K188 residue, on the contrary, is involved in formation of the integrase structure, which is important for the effective reverse transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideal of theoretical integration in motivational approaches to education is worthy, but in this commentary, I raise some (semi)contrarian concerns about both the meaning of theoretical integration and how that occurs. Integration is more than an aggregation or combination of measures but rather involves synthesis into a framework with theoretic and meta-theoretic integrity. Across disciplines and fields of inquiry, the development of science largely happens within theories and at their boundaries. Integration in practice (e.g., interventions) raises different issues, mainly concerning the coordination of elements that may address different classroom issues, and therefore can stem from multiple models and theories. I also describe the common direction and progress of motivational psychology over the past several decades, albeit with some “jingle –jangle” trends muddying our conceptual waters. Yet contrary to the view that it is our multiple perspectives that confuse teachers, I argue that confusion more centrally lies in the wide gap between our generally student-centered theories and public policies and institutional norms that hinder their implementation and their integration into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the main provisions for studying systems of monitoring the implementation of framework CIS international documents in the domain of research, engineering, and innovation as part of taking steps determined by the Plan of Implementing the CIS Economic Development Strategy for the Period Up to 2030. A brief formulation is provided of the main works by VINITI RAS related to the creation of electronic systems for monitoring the implementation of the CIS documents on the CIS web portal as a tool for managing this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]