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Fire is one of the most uncontrollable phenomena and is highly likely to result in irreparable harm if it is not detected at its early stages. A lot of researches have been conducted to propose more efficient fire detection methods. In this paper, in order to facilitate fire detection and propose a more cost-efficient and also a highly accurate method, background color of images based on RGB and YCbCr color spaces is examined. In this regard, some suitable candidate regions for fire are chosen. Then, changes of boundary irregularities of these selected contours are measured by calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. These irregularities of selected images can be considered as an important factor in early fire detection. If the measured irregularities are greater than 1000 fire videos, the selected candidate will be considered as an image of fire. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm can lead to more accurate detection of the fire region with acceptable false detection rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently the outlier extraction is broadly employed in applications such as communication, health care, finance and network-based interference identification. The use of this outlier extraction in network irregularity identification, occasionally happening assaults could be recognized. The intention is to design an outlier extraction scheme in terms of sequential adjacency associations. The evaluations are performed against the UCIML information set, KDD and real-time information sets. The analysis revealed that the outcomes are offering better outcomes than the prevailing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—Comparison of calculation results and experimental data shows that the model derived for the plastic deformation of large disks or hard-to-deform disks is very precise and reliable. On the basis of the formulas obtained, the deforming forces may be determined and defects (irregularities) associated with plastic deformation may be predicted at the industrial design stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With around 351. 8 billion Euro the cohesion policy accounts for almost one third of the European Union's budget in the period 2014–2020. Numerous programmes and projects are co-funded by the so-called European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF). Errors in public procurement cause almost half of all irregularities detected in these programmes and projects. Many of these errors could be avoided if ESIF-programmes would not foresee such strict rules for purchases and the intensity and frequency of controls of programmes and projects would be reduced to an adequate level. Based on five hypotheses the present article illustrates difficulties and helpful approaches for the challenging balancing act between ESIF- and EU-procurement rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial reporting fraud and other forms of financial reporting misconduct are a significant threat to the existence and efficiency of capital markets. This study reviews the literature on financial reporting misconduct from the perspectives of law, accounting, and finance. Our goals are to establish a common language for researchers interested in this line of research, describe the main findings and challenges in these literatures, and provide directions for future research. Although research on financial reporting misconduct faces challenges, those challenges provide significant opportunities to advance the literature, as the answers to many questions on financial reporting misconduct remain unsettled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal für Ästhetische Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study characterizes equatorial scintillations at L1/L2 GPS frequency over Kampala (0.30°N, 32.50°E, mag. lat. 9.26°S), Uganda, on different time scales during the minimum and ascending phases of solar cycle 24 (2010-2011). Of all the days investigated, 25 October 2011 recorded the highest occurrence of scintillation, and it was attributed to geomagnetic storm occurrence. We used the data of 25 October to generate plots of the elevation angle and S4 index against local time on a satellite-by-satellite basis, with a view to distinguishing satellites links whose signals were impaired by ionospheric irregularities from those impaired by multipath. Conclusively, GPS amplitude scintillations over Kampala occur predominantly during post sunset hours and decay around midnight. Equinoctial months recorded the highest occurrences of scintillations, while June solstice recorded the least. Scintillation occurrences also increase with solar and geomagnetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common aesthetic defects after rhinoplasty are small dorsal irregularities observed mainly in patients with thin dorsal nasal skin. Many techniques have been used in attempts to prevent perceptible irregularities and sharp edges of bone and cartilage in these patients. Adipose tissue transplantation has been used widely in aesthetic surgery as a surgical method to correct surface depression or to augment soft tissue. Recently, this tissue has been considered a potential source of stem cells with regenerative capacity and other benefits. The authors present a simple procedure using lipoinjection of microfat grafts over the osseocartilaginous framework of the nasal dorsum as a routine technique in rhinoplasty. Open rhinoplasty was performed for all the patients. At the start of the procedure, we aspirated 3 to 5 ml of fat and separated it using the sedimentation method. The fat deposited as sediment (2–3 ml) was injected at the beginning of the procedure, after suture of the incisions and before application of the splint, over the osseocartilaginous framework in the subcutaneous space. The fat acted as a thin layer of soft tissue to thicken the overlying skin and help camouflage minimal imperfections. Between February 2003 and May 2005, 78 rhinoplasties were performed, with injection of autologous fat. Of the 78 patients, 61 were primary rhinoplasties and 17 were secondary rhinoplasties with a follow-up time of 1 to 36 months. No minor irregularities were observed, and the aspect and quality of the skin improved for all the patients. Fat injection into the nose as a refinement of rhinoplasty is a fast, easy, inexpensive procedure for obtaining regular and smooth contours on the nasal dorsum that lasts over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the local flow of a polymeric solution inside a porous medium is studied visually. While the flow is quite uniform for low volume flow rates it shows pronounced nonuniformity for higher volume flow rates. That is to say, only certain preferred passages are taken and these passages change in time (they fluctuate). This flow irregularity is the reason for increased resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we consider the problem of detecting the irregularities of univariate functions from noisy data and its extension to bivariate functions which present lines of points of irregularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structures of the eyes of two Staphylinid beetles, one large ( Creophilus erythrocephalus-18 mm in length) and one small ( Sartallus signatus-3 mm in length), were compared. 1. The gross structure of the two eyes is the same: Considerable differences exist in size, shape and arrangement of rhabdom, retinula cells and their axons. The smaller size of the eye of Sartallus is caused by reduction of number of facets rather than cell size, and, in fact, retinula cells and rhabdom have been found to be larger in the smaller beetle. 2. Structural changes during dark-light-adaptation affect crystalline cone, position of screening pigment and size of intercellular spaces between the retinula cells. In the dark-adapted state the cone retracts a little and the crystalline tract becomes wider. A thickening of cone cell extensions occurs just above the rhabdom. Screening pigment migrates to a more distal position and intercellular spaces between the retinula cells considerably increase in size as compared with the light-adapted eye. 3. Both eyes are rich in irregularities. An attempt to classify anomalies of compound eyes has been made. The number of cone cells and principal pigment cells varied, in some cases, from 1-5 and 0-3 respectively. Basal retinula cells did not always contribute to the rhabdom. 4. Interferometrical observations reveal the extreme optical homogeneity of the entire corneal cuticle of the eyes of both species. No layers of different refractive index or optical separation of adjacent ommatidia can be found. The refractive index of the cornea of Creophilus is 1.469; that of Sartallus is 1.488. 5. Functional consequences of the changes which occur during dark-light-adaptation are discussed. Exposure to intense light appears to cause a rapid aging of retinula cells, which is indicated by an increase of onion- and multivesicular bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diabetologia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diabetologia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)