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The research focused on analyzing qualitative and quantitative morpho-physiological characteristics of local sweet cherry cultivars and genotypes. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics (fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape, fruit pistil end, fruit suture, fruit skin colour, fruit flesh colour, length of fruit stalk, thickness of fruit stalk, weight of fruit stalk, colour of fruit juice, fruit juiciness, eating quality, fruit sweetness, stone weight, stone shape, TA, pH, L*, a*, b*, H, croma, cracking index, sensitivity class) with UPOV descriptors were used in the evaluation. The findings revealed a significant variation among local cultivars and genotypes. It was determined that there was a low-level negative correlation between cracking index and fruit weight, fruit length, stone weight, TA, pH and L*; and a low-level positive correlation between fruit width, fruit stem length, thickness and weight, SCC, a*, b*, H and croma. The heat map and clustering analysis classified local cultivars and genotypes into two main clusters, each containing several secondary sub-clusters. This classification indicates a significant potential within the characterized sweet cherry collection for targeted breeding purposes. In particular, local sweet cherry cultivars and genotypes classified into several clusters show promise as potential parental candidates for hybridization in breeding. As a result of the research, local cultivars and genotypes with high fruit weight and cracking resistance were identified. The dendrogram showing the examined characteristics visually expresses the differentiation between local cultivars and genotypes, thus indicating clear distinctions. We believe these genotypes can be employed in breeding and breeding research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomology, also known as fruticulture, is a significant contributor to the economies of many nations worldwide. While vertical farming methods are not well-suited for fruit cultivation, substrate-based cultivation is commonly practiced. Vertical farming methods use no soil for cultivation of the plants, and the cultivation is done in vertically stacked layers. Therefore, smaller herbs are best suited for such cultivation, whereas, the majority of the fruit trees are big and woody. Therefore, vertical farming methods are not well suited for fruit trees. However, to maximize fruit production, smarter substrate cultivation methods are needed. Utilizing remote sensing techniques, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, agriculture sensors, and cloud computing, allows for precision agriculture and smart farming in autonomous systems. Nevertheless, a lack of understanding of fruit nutrient requirements, growing conditions, and soil health conditions can result in reduced fruit production. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an intelligent model based on machine learning that recommends the best fruit to grow based on prevailing soil and climatic conditions. The system is trained on a dataset that includes details on eleven different fruits, such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), temperature, humidity, pH, and rainfall. The model takes into account the soil type and nutrient contents to recommend the most suitable fruit to grow in the prevailing climate. To enhance the model's efficiency, two novel techniques, Gradient-based Side Sampling (GOSS) and Exclusive Feature Bundling (EFB), have been incorporated. The results show that the proposed system has achieved 99% accuracy in recommending the right fruit based on the given environmental conditions. As a result, this system has the potential to significantly improve the profitability of the pomology industry and boost national economies.Article Highlights: This article aims at the creation of an efficient recommendation model for fruit cultivation in soil medium by analyzing the soil nutrient contents and the existing climatic conditions. The most suitable fruit plant corresponding to the existing conditions and soil type is recommended for an enhanced yield of the plant. Three climatic parameters, i.e., temperature, humidity, and rainfall; along with four soil-based parameters, i.e., pH, N content, P content, and K content are considered as the required growing condition for eleven varieties of fruits. To ensure enhanced accuracy, a hundred entries for each fruit type is entered in the dataset. The created dataset is then divided in the proportion of 7:3 as training data: testing data and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (Light GBM) model is applied to the created dataset. The correlation of all the parameters is checked for an efficient recommendation of fruits. Finally, the model is evaluated and its efficiency is checked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cornus mas L. is a type of fruit preferred by consumers due to its rich bioactive compounds, attractive appearance, unique taste, high biological activities, sensory properties and nutritional properties. Morphological and molecular characterization of 61 C. mas genotypes collected from the flora of Bolu province was carried out in the current study. According to the two-year average data, the fruit and core weights of the genotypes showed significant variation with ranges from 1.44 to 3.37 g and from 0.19 to 1.13 g, respectively. The soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity values changed between 10.37 and 21.22%, 3.45 and 2.44, and 1.01% and 2.46%, respectively. Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers were evaluated for genetic variation among C. mas genotypes for the first time worldwide. Five iPBS markers amplified 80 fragments, 60 polymorphic (75%) with an average of 12 polymorphic bands per primer. Each of the selected iPBS markers supplied adequate separation power. Polymorphism information content and resolution power of markers ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 and from 3.57 to 8.43, with averages of 0.24 and 5.52, respectively. The iPBS primer 2378 had the highest polymorphism rate value (88.89%), whereas iPBS primers 2242 and 2232 had the lowest (66.67%) phylogenetic analysis grouped genotypes into three main groups. The unweighted pair groups method using arithmetic averages, principal coordinate, and structure analyses confirmed a high level of genetic diversity among the investigated genotypes in this work. The findings will help to plant breeders to characterize C. mas genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is one of the biggest chestnut producers in the world. Most of the chestnut trees found in forests in Turkey and the majority of them are coming from seeds showing huge phenotypic diversity. The study was conducted on naturally growing chestnut trees found in forests belongs to Artvin province located in the northeastern part of Turkey. A total of 22 promising chestnut genotypes previously selected among chestnut populations (Castanea sativa) in 2016 and morphological and biochemical data were collected during 2016 and 2017 harvest season. Morphological parameters were tree growth habit, nut weight, nut size, kernel ratio, and kernel color, respectively. Biochemical characteristics include moisture, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, total carbohydrates, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of kernels. Results clearly revealed that seed-propagated 22 chestnut genotypes have distinct properties. Average nut weight and kernel ratio varied from 4.38 to 9.19 g; 75.16 to 86.41%. The majority of genotypes were semi-upright growing habit. Total crude fat, crude protein and dietary fiber ranged from 0.87 to 2.61%; 4.80 to 7.65% and 2.06 to 3.61%, respectively. Results indicated that the Artvin region has valuable chestnut genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) genotypes, which have good taste, size and firmness, is among the most important and prioritized issues of today. We aimed to develop new strawberry cultivars having standards of priority issues for strawberry. Eight prominent strawberry genotypes were obtained from the cross of domestic strawberry cultivars ('Sevgi', 'Kaşka', and 'Ebru') with the varieties ('Rubygem', 'Festival', and 'Amiga'). Pomological (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and firmness) and physical (fruit width, fruit length, and fruit weight) analyses of eight strawberry genotypes and their parents were performed on active harvest months. In addition, ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of eight prominent strawberry hybrids and their parents. The selected superior hybrid strawberry fruit characteristics exceeded the characteristics of local varieties and reached the point where they can compete with commercial varieties in terms of most of the quality parameters. However, it was determined that the genotypes did not reach the targeted point in terms of fruit firmness. While a good positive correlation among fruit size parameters was found, taste of fruit was negatively affected by increasing these. As it is seen in the molecular results (PCoA), domestic and foreign cultivars were separated from each other, and their progenies were generally between them as most of the examined parameters (fruit firmness, acidity, total soluble solid, fruit weight). In addition, PIC value ranged from 0.17 (UBC816) to 0.86 (UBC824). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the important fruit quality characteristics of 11 early ripening and promising apricot hybrids and reference cultivars recently developed in Turkey were analyzed. A large variation was observed between the genotypes in terms of fruit size (fruit weight ranged from 34.28 to 72.53 g). The total soluble solids which is one of the significant fruit quality parameters for the table apricots, was found between 10.07 and 18.27% and fruit flesh/kernel rate was between 9.6 and 18.42. Epicatechin, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and β-carotene were found to be the highest bioactive compounds. A large variation was also determined among the genotypes in this regard. ABP-4-23 and ABP-7-12 apricot genotypes were rich with respect to catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin and β-carotene. The highest catachin and epicatechin contents were obtained in ABP-4-23 (176.76 and 517.45 mg/kg, respectively). In terms of β-carotene ABP-2-24 and ABP-1-18 presented the highest values (127.45 and 119.54 mg/kg, respectively). Fruit weight was found highly and positively correlated with kernel weight and total soluble solids (r = 0.65 and r = 0.61, respectively). Fruit weight was also found to be moderately correlated with rutin, quercetin, and β-carotene, while corrrelations was negative for rutin and β-carotene. Total acidity was moderately correlated with catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and β-carotene in positive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild berries-blackberry, raspberry, blueberry, strawberry, rose hip, elderberry, cranberries etc. are common across most of region of Turkey and there is lack of information about horticultural characteristics of wild grown those berries in the country. Present study aimed to determine some morphological (fruit weight, number of fruits per raceme, number of racemes per bush), and biochemical (vitamin C, soluble solid content, total phenol, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity) in fruits of ten European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) genotypes naturally grown in Coruh valley in Turkey. The results showed statistically significant differences among genotypes for most of the searched parameters. Fruit weight, number of fruits per raceme and number of racemes per bush were ranged from 0.64 to 0.85 g; 35.2 to 52.6 and 326 to 483, respectively. The genotypes had SSC (Soluble solid content) and vitamin C between 10.96 and 12.65% and 29 and 41 mg per 100 g fresh fruit basis. Total phenol and total anthocyanin content ranged from 668 to 856 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g fresh weight, 27–53 mg per 100 g fresh fruit expressed cyanidin-3-rutinoside. Antioxidant activity were found between 28.76 and 36.41 µmol trolox equivalents per g fresh fruit based on FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma) assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In east Anatolia region in Turkey, there are special microclimates, which famous for its fruit production. One of the most important microclimates in the region is Aras valley. The major fruit in the valley is apricot, which grown both cultivated and wild forms. This study aimed to assess some important fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics of 26 wild apricots and cv. Aprikoz grown in Kagizman district in Aras valley. Harvest date, tree growth habit, fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit firmness, fruit color, flesh/seed ratio, aroma, kernel taste, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, maturity index, vitamin C, total phenolic, total carotenoid and antioxidant capacity were determined. The wild grown apricots exhibited a wide variation on most of the fruit morphological and biochemical characteristics. Harvest date, fruit shape, fruit weight, fruit firmness and fruit color were the most distinct morphological characteristics of wild grown apricots. Harvest dates and fruit weight were found between 02 July (KA18) and 06 August (KA13); 16.28 g (KA6) and 33.14 g (KA2) among wild grown apricots, respectively. The main cultivar cv. Aprikoz harvested at 04 July and had 38.67 g fruit weight. The wild apricots had flesh/seed ratio between 8.41 (KA21) and 12.25 (KA10) while cv. Aprikoz had 11.69 flesh/seed ratio. Total antioxidant capacity, total carotenoid and total phenolic content were the highest in most of wild apricot fruits than cv. Aprikoz. Our results showed that there is potential for promoting wild apricot fruit from specific geographical regions because they contained elevated concentrations of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out between 2010 and 2013 in three districts (Akşehir, Beyşehir, and Hüyük) of Konya. During survey study, about 2500 walnut genotypes were observed for different walnut pomological characteristics such as shelled nut weight (g) and percentage of the kernel (%). The promising genotypes were selected among these walnut populations. In 2010 and 2012, 300 walnut genotypes were selected and these selected walnut genotypes number were decreased from 300 to 8 genotypes in 2013. Eight genotypes were found promising due to features of shelled nut and kernel. The shelled fruit weight ranged from 8.70 to 14.34 g. The percentage of kernel rates were determined between 40.15 and 63.21%. Genotype "BE-14" had the highest oil content (65.72%). Selected walnut genotypes were compared with Turkish and foreign walnuts cultivars by ISSR DNA marker system for genetic similarity. The highest similarity was found between "AK2" and "AK3" (89.10%) while the lowest similarity was found between 'Franquette' and 'Chandler' (49.10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolia is one of the primary centers of origin of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.). Pomological and morphological characteristics of strawberry tree genotypes, naturally growing in natural flora of Northern Anatolia, were investigated in this study in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, 48 genotypes were identified and subjected to physico-chemical analyses (fruit weight, fruit length and width, soluble solids content, titratable acidity), phenological observations (initial-bloom and full-bloom dates) and sensory analyses (fruit taste, stoniness, juiciness, appearance and roughness). Based on weighted-ranked scores for different attributes, 24 genotypes were selected as promising ones and analyses were continued on these genotypes in 2009. Fruit weights of genotypes varied between 2.28 g (28G32) and 11.00 g (28G41); fruit widths between 16.51 mm (28G32)-28.05 mm (28G41); fruit lengths between 13.06 mm (28G26) and 22.03 mm (28G41); soluble solids contents between 24% (28G28, 28G40) and 31% (28G30) and titratable acidity between 0.77% (28G30) and 1.19% (28G41). Initial-bloom dates varied between 5th of October (28G36, 28G45 and 28G46) and 10th of November (28G16 and 28G26) and full-bloom dates varied between 15th of November (28G02, 28G31, 28G36, 28G47) and 15th of December (28G02, 28G44, 28G45). These 24 genotypes were selected as promising genotypes potentially to be used in breeding studies on strawberry tree fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and background: Autochthonous fruits in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) represent great opportunities for fruit breeding, because they could be grown without costly agricultural inputs and offer valuable assets for the fruit processing industry providing a specific and different sensory taste for the fruit products. Hence, the objective of this study was to sensory evaluate fruits from 34 autochthonous apple and 29 pear cultivars in 2012 and 2013 from an ex-situ collection in B&H by eight trained panelists, using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA).Experimental: Flavour of fruits was described by the eight sensory attributes a) flavour: odour intensity, b) sweet, c) sour, d) green, fruit, e) floral flavour, f) typically, g) after taste and h) overall conception and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to visualise the sensory attributes.Results: For apple, the traditional cvs. ‘Prijedorska Zelenika’, ‘Paradija’, ‘Srebrenička’, ‘Bukovija’ and ‘Ljepocvijetka’ reached the best flavour scores in both years, while in pear, cvs. ‘Takiša’, ‘Hambarka’, ‘Dolokrahan’ and ‘Kačmorka’ exhibited the best flavour in both years, followed by cvs. ‘Begarika’, ‘Jeribasma’, ‘Ahmetova’ and ‘Hambarka’ with intense floral flavour and odour. In these tastings, B & H grown apple cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ also scored highly compared with cvs ‘Idared’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gala’ with a lesser characteristic apple flavour and pear cvs ‘Williams’ and ‘Sweet Harrow’ scored better than ‘Alexander Lukas’ and ‘Gellerts’ from B & H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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