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Research identifying the core features of Growth Mindset Pedagogy (GMP) in Chinese mathematics education is limited. This is also the first time we have examined the barriers to implementing GMP. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. By analyzing the interview data, we identified four core features of GMP in mathematics classrooms: differentiation as the foundation of pedagogical practice, no stereotypes about mathematics learning, encouraging students to think in a process-oriented manner, and promoting a persistent learning attitude. We also found five barriers to GMP implementation: (a) lack of professional support; (b) lack of time; (c) student differences and class size; (d) ignoring cultural contextual elements; and (e) poor partnership between parents and teachers. In our discussion section, we outlined the implications of these findings for research and practice in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking landscape indexes to ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology. However, traditional landscape metrics based on the Patch-Mosaic Model have no ecological significance. In this study, the runoff-sediment landscape index coupling land use, topography, soil, and vegetation factors was constructed to link landscape patterns to runoff and sediment. In the study area, the runoffsediment landscape index at the class scale showed an increasing trend from 0.10 in 1995 to 0.26 in 2015. Cropland had a higher runoff-sediment landscape index compared to grassland or forestland. At the landscape scale, the runoff-sediment landscape index showed a decreasing trend since 1995; furthermore, it decreased by 36.24% in 2015 compared with the index in 1990. The runoff-sediment landscape index had higher correlations with runoff and sediment compared with traditional landscape metrics. Redundancy analysis showed that the runoffsediment landscape index had a higher contribution to runoff and sediment compared to traditional landscape metrics, explaining 90.1% of the variability. The soil erosion risk assessed by the runoff-sediment landscape index showed an increasing trend upstream of the Dali River watershed. More attention should be paid to this area in future vegetation restoration attempts, as exploring the impact of landscape pattern changes on ecological processes, especially hydrological processes, plays an important role in comprehensive watershed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process-oriented transdisciplinary research is generally seen as a promising approach to facilitate sustainability transitions. This type of research requires new participatory roles for researchers. These new roles may conflict with traditional, more academic roles that researchers often maintain next to their new roles. Using the Dutch transdisciplinary Knowledge-Action Programme on Water (KAP Water) as a case study, we highlight tensions that researchers adopting these new roles experience. We have observed both practical and more fundamental tensions between roles of researchers in process-oriented sustainability research. In particular, it proved difficult to combine more engaged roles, where researchers are involved in dialogues for change, with knowledge-oriented roles, where researchers focus on knowledge provision and are further removed from 'real-world action'. Tensions arise from three sources: (1) researchers' self-perception and expectations; (2) expectations from transdisciplinary partners, funders and researchers' home institutions; and (3) societal convictions about what scientific knowledge is and how it should be developed. This paper contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of the interactions and tensions between the roles of researchers in transdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking landscape patterns to specific ecological processes has been and will continue to be the key topic in landscape ecology. However, this goal is difficult to achieve by using the traditional landscape metric based on the Patch-Mosaic Model (PMM), as they don't integrate ecological processes with landscape patterns. In this paper, we proposed a conceptual model, i.e., the Source-Pathway-Sink Model (SPSM), which designates the role of a landscape unit into "source", "sink", or "pathway" based on specific ecological processes during the landscape pattern analysis. While the traditional landscape metrics derived from the PMM model is visual- or geometrical-oriented and lack of linkage to ecological significance, the SPSM model is process-oriented, dynamic, and scale dependent. A comparison between the PMM and the SPSM models shows that the SPSM model is complementary to the PMM model, and can provide a simple and dynamic perspective on landscape pattern analysis. The SPSM model may represent a conceptual innovation in landscape ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste and waste management have become significant global issues and common challenges that we face. Efficient and effective waste management is an essential part of civilized society. A good waste classification system is the foundation and precondition for efficient waste management. In this paper, in accordance with waste classification principles of systematicness, hierarchy, practical maneuverability and expansibility, waste classification systems in China, the EU, Japan and the USA are reviewed for collection, transportation and treatment sectors. Comparison analysis results show that waste classification methods are diversified and process-oriented classification, substance-oriented and hazardous properties classification principles are widely adopted for waste generation and transportation. For waste treatment process, all the countries and regions adopt similar classification methods based on follow-up treatment process. In general, the EU and Japan all have established their own integrated waste classification system. However, the EU's macro-micro integration waste classification systems are more suitable for China to learn which process-oriented waste classification is used for declaration and registration at the micro-level and substance-oriented waste classification system for environmental statistics at the macro-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]