1. Bisphenol A in Urine of Chinese Young Adults: Concentrations and Sources of Exposure
- Author
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Chong-Jing Gao, Yi-Fan Li, Li-Yan Liu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Ling Jiang, Wan-Li Ma, Nanqi Ren, and Ning-Zheng Zhu
- Subjects
Adult ,Paper ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,endocrine system ,Bisphenol A ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,Physiology ,Food Contamination ,Urine ,Endocrine Disruptors ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenols ,Humans ,Medicine ,Urinary concentration ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Young adult ,Daily exposure ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Exposure assessment ,education.field_of_study ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,Dust ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Diet ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting environmental chemical. Urinary concentrations of BPA were measured in samples collected nationwide from Chinese young adults. The geometric mean urinary concentration of BPA in Chinese young adults was 2.23 ng/mL. The estimated daily exposure dose for BPA was 64.8 ng/kg bw/day. Contributions of various BPA sources to exposure in Chinese young adults were estimated. Dietary intake was the primary exposure pathway. The contribution of dietary intake, indoor dust, paper products and personal care products to BPA intake was 72.5 %, 0.74 %, 0.98 %, 0.22 % of the total exposure dose, respectively. This is the first study on the occurrence of BPA in young adults from most provinces and autonomous regions of China. The results can be used to establish a database for BPA exposure assessment for Chinese general population.
- Published
- 2015