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The compositions of neutral lipids (NL) from fruit of L. barbarum, commercially available (I) and introduced (II), and wild L. ruthenicum (III) were studied. The contents of NL in fruit of I (6.1%), II (3.7%), and III (7.54%) and the fatty acid (FA) compositions were determined. The class composition of NL from I, II, and III was established. The FA compositions of all acyl-containing NL classes were determined. The position-forms (21 forms) and types (4 types) of the triacylglyceride (TAG) compositions of II were established using pancreatic hydrolysis. It was shown that the 2-position in TAG molecules was occupied mainly by unsaturated FA.

The concept of Compton-type free-electron lasers (FELs) operating in short wavelength ranges with a high efficiency and power level is currently underway at the IAP RAS (Nizhny Novgorod). This concept is aimed at reducing the energy of a driving relativistic electron beam and thereby increasing the efficiency of the electron–wave interaction in FELs, as well as making the oscillator relatively compact. The basis of this concept is microwave undulators of a new type—the so-called “flying” undulators. This paper is devoted to the results of the current studies of these undulators, their simulation, and “cold” electrodynamic tests in the Ka band. For powering microwave undulators, a spatially extended narrow-band ˇ Cerenkov surface-wave oscillators (SWOs) are developed in the specified frequency range driven by Sinus-6, a high-current accelerator, with a particle energy of 0.5 MeV, a current of 5 kA, and a pulse duration of 25 ns. The required sub-gigawatt power level of output radiation combined with a high stability of the narrow-band oscillation regime is achieved under conditions of a strongly oversized oscillator by using two-dimensional distributed feedback provided in a 2D doubly-periodic slow-wave structure. The design parameters of a 32 GHz/0.5 GW SWO intended for powering microwave undulators are presented and the results of its simulation and reported.

Lipids from seeds of Pulmonaria mollis (Boraginaceae) from two RF climate zones, i.e., Krasnodar Krai (I) and Republic of Bashkortostan (II), were characterized. The neutral lipid (NL) contents of I were greater than those of II (33.8 and 20.5%, respectively). The NL classes were characterized. A larger amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concentrated in NL and triacylglycerides (TAGs) from I and II [in NL (%, respectively): 65.6 and 65.0, including α-18:2, 28.8 and 31.9; γ-18:3, 18.5 and 14.5; α-18:3, 12.7 and 14.5; 18:4, 5.7 and 4.1; in TAG (%, respectively): 63.5 and 66.0, including α-18:2, 29.4 and 32.3; γ-18:3, 17.15 and 14.36; α-18:3, 12.5 and 14.6; 18:4, 4.5 and 4.7]. Fractions enriched in PUFAs γ-18:3 (47.1%) and 18:4 (21.2%) were obtained. The ω-6/ω-3 ratios in the lipid PUFAs were 2.7:1-2.2:1.

The compositions of neutral lipids (NL) and fatty acids (FA) from subterranean parts of the introduced plants Helleborus abchasicus and H. caucasicus (Ranunculaceae) were established and compared with those of the wild species. The FA from diacyl- and triacylglycerides and free FA from these introduced species had elevated contents of unsaturated acids because of 18:2. The lipid-soluble NL constituents included 10 identified sterols, the major ones of which were cholesterol, sitosterol, and lanosterol. NL from H. abchasicus (introduced and wild) and H. caucasicus (wild) exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory activity at the level of Voltaren and moderate wound-healing activity.

Neutral (NL) and polar (PL) lipids including glyco- (GL) and phospholipids (PhL) were isolated and their contents were determined from seeds and rhizomes with roots (RR) of Helleborus abchasicus and H. caucasicus in two development phases that were introduced into Pyatigorsk Botanical Garden. The amount of NL in subterranean organs increased from flowering to fruiting phases. The PL content in roots of H. abchasicus increased during fruiting and was independent of the vegetation stage in H. caucasicus. GL dominated in RR. The GL and PhL ratio in seeds was practically identical. The fatty-acid composition of all lipid groups in the two development phases of the introduced plants was determined. Subterranean organs and seeds of the two Helleborus species contained alkaloids, a part of which was extracted with the PL. The alkaloid content in RR during fruiting was 0.63% in H. abchasicus; 0.49%, in seed pulp; 0.26%, in H. caucasicus; and 0.05% in seed pulp of the starting raw material mass.

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from seeds of Oenothera biennis growing in the RF near Kazan’ was determined. The content of γ-linolenic acid in all groups of acyl-containing lipids in the oil to be 4.4%.

An automated spectroradiometer for monitoring levels and doses of biologically active UV radiation has been developed. An original design of a double grating zero-dispersion monochromator is proposed. The main characteristics of the design have been tested and it has been shown that as to its parameters the spectroradiometer complies with the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization for network meters of natural UV radiation. The results of monitoring the spectral distribution and daily doses of the solar UV radiation at the Minsk Ozone Station are presented, and the estimated values of their seasonal variations have been determined.

Data for changes on storage under natural conditions for 11 months of moisture, oil content, acid and hydroperoxide number, and protein content of ground seed of Viburnum opulus were reported. The amino-acid and fatty-acid compositions were determined.

MNDO calculations were carried out of the ground and transitional states of the planar inversion of the N atom for ketenimines containing σ (Me, NH2, OH, OMe, and F) and π (CH = O) acceptor N substituents as well as for C-amino- and C-formylketenimines. Configurationally stable N-amino-, N-alkoxy-, and N-fluoroketenimines (inversion barriers ∼27–45 kcal/mole) are of interest for further experimental stereochemical studies. The geometry of the ketenimine fragment is determined in general bynN-πCC* conjugation. Other orbital and Coulombic interactions affect C- and N-substituent orientation relative to this fragment.

A significant difference between experimental13C NMR chemical shifts and those predicted from the13C NMR/IR databank was found for bi- and tricyclic diaziridines. Quantum chemical (AMI) and molecular-mechanical (MMX) calculations showed that the relative chemical shift of the nodal C atom is dependent mainly on deformations of the C-C-C valence angle at this atom.

X-ray diffraction structural analysis and 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy were used to establish that the final product of the halogenation of 5-acyl-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane is the exo-6-halo derivative. Thus, the observed transformation of the initially formed endo-N-chloro isomer is an inversion and not 1,2-acyl migration as previously proposed.

The authors examine the psychotropic activity of diaziridines which differ considerable in their structures and the C- and N-substituents. Diaziridines are monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the brain and, thus, are potential antidepressants. The acute toxicities and some pharmacological effects of diaziridines are shown. Mice were used in the experiments. The bisdiaziridines obtained differ in their /sup 1/H and /sup 13/C NMR spectra. The effect is presented of functionally substituted diaziridines on the effects of reserpine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptamine, corazole, and apomorphine hypothermia.

1. The fluorodeoxygenation of (S)-proline by the action of sulfur tetrafluoride in hydrogen fluoride to (-)-2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidine was realized without affecting the carbon of the chiral center. 2. According to PMR data, 2-trifluoromethylpyrrolidine, its N-chloro derivative, and 1-chloro-2-methoxycarbonylpyrrolidine exist preferentially in the conformation with the pseudoequatorial orientation of the substituent at position 2.

1. We established the N(S)N(S)C(R) configuration of levorotatory derivatives of 1,6-diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-5-carboxylic acid. 2. Steric and electronic factors (repulsion of atoms, n- σ interaction, repulsion of unshared electron pairs, and also the unshared pair-vicinal bond) are apparent in the conformation and in the general geometry of diazabicyclo [3.1.0] hexanes.

According to data from model nonempirical calculations and photoelectronic spectroscopy, the interaction of cis- and trans-oriented unshared electron pairs of N atoms in diaziridines may change substantially as a function of the degree of pyramidal character of these atoms; in particular, this is observed in bicyclic diaziridines with a change in the size or conformation of the ring fused with the diaziridine ring. A method for the synthesis of bicyclic diaziridines, viz., 1,n-diazabicyclo(m.1.0)-alkanes (n = 6, 7; m = 3, 4), under interphase-catalysis conditions was developed.

1. Total separation of the (−)-1S,5R,6S- and (+)-1R,5S,6R-enantiomers of the stable l,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-5-carboxylic acid is effected via the diastereoisomeric salts with l-ephedrine. 2. The diastereoisomeric α-phenylethylamides of l,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-5-carboxylic acid have been obtained in relatively low optical purity (10–12%) by amidating the methyl esters followed by recrystallization and the asymmetric epimination of Δ1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid S-α-phenylethylamide.

Rearrangement of the cyclopropyl-allylic type with subsequent decomposition of the resulting α-halopiperidazine to olefins and N2 occurs in the thermolysis of 6-halo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.O] hexanes that contain an electron-acceptor C5-substituent.

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) cells are characterized by the ability to synthesize heat shock proteins (hsps) at exceptionally high temperatures (up to 48° C). We infected B. mori larvae and tissue culture cells with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Mn NPV) and studied the heat shock response in the cells. Our results indicate that infected cells are not able to synthesize hsps after temperature elevation, polyhedrin (the major inclusion body protein of Mn NPV) being practically the only translational product in such cells. Similar results were obtained for infected fifth instar larvae of B. mori. On the other hand Northern hybridization experiments employing the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 gene coupled with data on in vitro RNA transcription showed that temperature elevation induces active transcription of heat shock mRNAs in the infected cells. Therefore, the discrimination in favour of the viral mRNA for polyhedrin probably takes place at the level of translation.

Stereospecificity of the 3JC,N,C,H spin-spin coupling constants (3Jtrans > Jgauche) in the 13C NMR spectra of 1,5-diaza- and 1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes was observed. Proceeding from this, the preferred conformations of the d, Z and meso isomers of 2,4,6-trialkyl-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes were established, and a mechanism for the interconversion of these isomers via openings of the five-membered ring and an imino-enamine equilibrium was proposed. It is also shown that the stereochemical result of the Schmitz reaction is determined in the step involving cyclization of the iminium intermediate.

1. The acylation of 1,3,3-trisubstituted diaziridines with acyl chlorides is realized primarily at the substituted N1 atom and is accompanied by diaziridine-hydrazone rearrangement. 2. Acylation with a 0.5-mole amount of (S)-N-tosylproline chloride is an effective method for the optical activation of 1,3,3-trialkyldiaziridines and can be used to determine the absolute configurations of these compounds.

A centrifugal oil cleaner has an effect on the loss of AzNII-7 and VNII NP-360 additives from oil. The additives are extracted by the oil cleaner owing to additive coagulation under the influence of the factors that prevail during centrifuging.

Retention in gasl iquid chromatography is de te rmined by the i n t e rmo lecu l a r i n t e r ae t i on fo rces which depend on the nature of the liquid phase and of the compounds being separated. Liquid phases having a hydroxyl group usual ly possess an inc reased retent ion of a romat ic hydrocarbons. Thus the se lec t iv i ty of polyglycols i nc rea se s with an inc rease in the propor t ion of hydroxyl end groups in the sequence PEG-2000, PEG-600, PEG-300. High re tent ion is also a dis t inct ive feature for g lycero l and hexandiol. This inc reased re tent ion is probably due to the format ion of hydrogen bonds. The possibi l i ty of their format ion with a romat ic hydrocarbons follows f rom a number of studies [1-7] in which the hydrogen bond is t rea ted as a manifes ta t ion of donor -aecep to r interact ion.

1. A method is proposed for determining the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum fractions by means of gas-liquid chromatography. 2. By using pentaerythrite tetra-Β-cyanethyl ether, it is possible to determine the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the 50-degree petroleum fractions boiling off below 200‡ C.

From the epigeal part ofPapaver bracteatum Lindl. (family Papaveraceae) growing in the region of Mt. Beshtau (Pyatigorsk) 12 bases have been isolated: isothebaine and oripavine, isolated previously, and thebaine, mecambridine, orientalidine, alpinine, alpigenine, salutaridine, floripavidine, bracteoline, and bases (I) and (II), isolated for the first time.

The alkaloids from the epigeal part of the wild blackspot horn poppy have been studied. Twelve alkaloids have been isolated of which one — norbracteoline — proved to be new. Its structure has been established. Dehydrocorydine, predicentrine, glaufidine, thalicmidine, reticuline, and stylopine α-methohydroxide have been isolated from this plant for the first time.

1. It has been noted that the analysis of higher-boiling petroleum fractions requires a narrowing of the distillation range of the fractions for successful determination of aromatic hydrocarbons by gas-liquid chromatography. 2. It has been established that the probable sources of the decrease in phase selectivity in the analysis of higher molecular weight fractions are (a) the increase in temperature of the separating column and (b) the change in ratio of alkane and arene portions of the molecule of the aromatic hydrocarbons being analyzed. 3. The determination of aromatic hydrocarbon content using selective liquid phases is possible only for fractions boiling below 300°C.