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Circulating Hsp70 levels were determined in feline and porcine cohorts using two different ELISA systems. These comparative animal models of larger organisms often reflect diseases, and especially malignant tumors, better than conventional rodent models. It is therefore essential to investigate the biology and utility of tumor biomarkers in animals such as cats and pigs. In this study, levels of free Hsp70 in the blood of cats with spontaneously occurring tumors were detected using a commercial Hsp70 ELISA (R&D Systems). Sub-analysis of different tumor groups revealed that animals with tumors of epithelial origin presented with significantly elevated circulating Hsp70 concentrations. In addition to free Hsp70 levels measured with the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA, levels of exosomal Hsp70 were determined using the compHsp70 ELISA in pigs. Both ELISA systems detected significantly elevated Hsp70 levels (R&D Systems: median 24.9 ng/mL; compHsp70: median 44.2 ng/mL) in the blood of a cohort of APC1311/+ pigs diagnosed with high-grade adenoma polyps, and the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA detected also elevated Hsp70 levels in animals with low-grade polyps. In contrast, in flTP53R167H pigs, suffering from malignant osteosarcoma, the compHsp70 ELISA (median 674.32 ng/mL), but not the R&D Systems Hsp70 ELISA (median 4.78 ng/mL), determined significantly elevated Hsp70 concentrations, indicating that in tumor-bearing animals, the dominant form of Hsp70 is of exosomal origin. Our data suggest that both ELISA systems are suitable for detecting free circulating Hsp70 levels in pigs with high-grade adenoma, but only the compHsp70 ELISA can measure elevated, tumor-derived exosomal Hsp70 levels in tumor-bearing animals.

Depression is a very common mental health illness characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms ranging from mood disturbances and sleep or appetite disorders to physical manifestations of the body. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and its related factors among Afghan women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women between July 14, 2021, to August 15, 2021, in Kabul, Mazar-e-Sharif and Samangan provinces (Afghanistan). A total of 664 Afghan women participated in the study (mean age = 28.85 years; SD ± 11.57). In order to assess depression among participants, the 19-item validated Dari version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale was used. Approximately four-fifths of the sample had depression symptoms (79.1%). Participants with depression symptoms were significantly more likely to (i) be aged over 30 years, (ii) live in rural areas, (iii) have a low-income level, (iv) not have an occupation, (v) have any disease/illness, and (vi) have experienced an event that had mentally affected them in the past month. Considering the high prevalence of depression symptoms among Afghan women, there is a need to integrate mental health services for women in Afghanistan. The use of interventions including regular screening for depression symptoms, and educating women and girls concerning the symptoms of depression for early self-diagnosis are essential.

Background and aim Appropriate positioning is crucial to successful breastfeeding and its continuation. Positioning can create, prevent, or correct breastfeeding problems. This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of both the laid-back and cradle positions upon the breastfeeding experiences of primiparous (cisgender) women. Methods A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of primiparous women (n = 168) with a gestational age of between 31 and 34 weeks, referring to the perinatal clinic of Shahid Gharazi Hospital in Malayer (Hamadan Province, Iran). Participants were recruited via convenience sampling and allocated to one of two groups: intervention (laid-back position) (n = 85) and control (cradle position) (n = 83) using the random block method. Breastfeeding education was given to both groups during two sessions (weeks 31–34 and 35-–37 of pregnancy) by “baby-friendly” accredited hospitals in Iran. The intervention group was instructed on how to breastfeed using the laid-back position. The control group was instructed on how to breastfeed using the cradle position. In the immediate postnatal period, breastfeeding positions were assessed in both groups. Breastfeeding experiences were measured once at the time of participants returning home and again at both 1 week and 2 weeks following birth, using the breastfeeding experience scale. Data analysis was undertaken using the SPSS software version 21. A value of P Results No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of concerns relating to participants nor their breasts, milk insufficiency, neonate, process, or breastfeeding experience at any time point measured. The means (SDs) of breastfeeding experience at the time of discharge, 1 week, and 2 weeks after childbirth in intervention group were 26.07 (4.533), 26.85 (3.812), and 26.65 (4.632) respectively. The means (SDs) of breastfeeding experience at the time of discharge, 1 week, and 2 weeks after childbirth in control group were 25.42 (3.315), 26.68 (3.872), and 25.41 (4.05) respectively. Conclusion There is no difference in breastfeeding experiences whether the laid-back or cradle position is used. Thus, broader education on breastfeeding and the provision of comprehensive support may be more effective in optimizing one’s experience of breastfeeding. Trial registration Registration date: 2021 July 21, Code: IRCT20180427039436N10, https://irct.ir/user/trial/57054/view

Background Quality dimensions are the most important criteria for predicting the success of an information system. The current study aims to evaluate the success of the Iran Electronic Health Record System (SEPAS) based on the DeLone and McLean model for information system success. Method This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. Participants were 468 health information management personnel who had working experience with SEPAS. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the DeLone and McLean model. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 through descriptive and analytic analysis including t-test and ANOVA. Results Most participants were female (70.9%) and almost half of the participants mean age was between 30 and 40 years old (49.6%). The total mean of SEPAS success was 3.42 ± 0.53. According to the participants’ perspectives “system quality” was the most influencing factor on SEPAS success. The least influencing factor was SEPAS “benefits”. There was a significant relationship between the mean score of SEPAS success and age (p value = 0.001), Education level (p value = 0.01), and Work experience (p value Conclusion The total mean of system success was not acceptable. SEPAS has not been much successful in providing net benefits like provision of electronic services which locate patients in the center and improve the delivery of care to them. It sounds that SEPAS is not stable enough that means crashes sometimes. Hence, considering the required infrastructures for quick response and stability is more critical, especially when healthcare providers are supposed to use the SEPAS.

This work presents a new approach and a comprehensive mechanism to study the kinetics of the photodegradation of the organic pollutants. The vital role of various operational factors on the degradation of the organic pollutants is explained using this method. The proposed approach is based on the simple strategies and a powerful computational method. Two new variables “the effective concentration of photon” (Ieff) and “the effective concentration of the reactive-centers” (RC) are defined to better understanding the effect of operational parameters on the organic pollutants photodegradation. The optimum conditions of the photocatalytic degradation can be determined with the help of this method. This approach was used to study the kinetics of photodegradation of the organic pollutants on the A - doped MxOy/B photocatalysts. The provided mechanism has been examined with the some experimental data. The high correlations between the experimental data and the fitting results under different conditions prove this mechanism could be reliable.

The hazard literature has documented the unsuccessful results of post-disaster transitional housing programs, attributing them to misunderstandings and misconceptions about transitional housing. This implies a mismatch between the ways ‘experts’ and decision-makers conceive and plan transitional housing and the ways people perceive, experience and use them. This paper explores the use of a housing pathways framework to improve our understanding of the multiple ways in which transitional housing is perceived, experienced and used by disaster-affected people in low-income cities. For illustrating this point, we focus on the case of the city of Sarpol-e Zahab in Iran that was struck by an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale in 2017. The paper relies on a fieldwork study conducted in 2017–2018 in the city. This case provides a number of insights, in particular given that the state programs provided two options of cash grant and pre-fabricated units to households for transitional housing. In addition to reporting transitional housing activities in the city, we show that the four identified housing pathways in this city account for pre- and post-earthquake structural forces as well as households’ own choices and strategies for adaptation. Highlighting how households’ post-disaster trajectories were influenced by different aspects of post-disaster policies and interventions, the paper concludes with some recommendations for transitional housing programs in the context of lower-income cities.

Structured reporting has been one of the most discussed topics in radiology for years. Currently, there is a lack of user-friendly software solutions that are integrated into the IT infrastructure of hospitals and practices to allow efficient data entry.Radiological reports are mostly generated as free text documents, either dictated via speech recognition systems or typed. In addition, text components are used to create reports of normal findings that can be further edited and complemented by free text.Software-based reporting systems can combine speech recognition systems with radiological reporting templates in the form of interactive decision trees. A technical integration into RIS ("radiological information system"), PACS ("picture archiving and communication system"), and AV ("advanced visualization") systems via application programming interfaces and interoperability standards can enable efficient processes and the generation of machine-readable report data.Structured and semantically annotated clinical data collected via the reporting system are immediately available for epidemiological data analysis and continuous AI training.The use of structured reporting in routine radiological diagnostics involves an initial transition phase. A successful implementation further requires close integration of the technical infrastructure of several systems.By using a hybrid reporting solution, radiological reports with different levels of structure can be generated. Clinical questions or procedural information can be semi-automatically transferred, thereby eliminating avoidable errors and increasing productivity.KLINISCHES/METHODISCHES PROBLEM: Strukturierte Befundung ist seit Jahren eines der meist diskutierten Themen in der Radiologie. Aktuell herrscht ein Mangel an nutzerfreundlichen Softwarelösungen, welche in die bestehende IT-Infrastruktur der Kliniken und Praxen integriert sind und effiziente Dateneingaben erlauben.Radiologische Befunde werden meist als Freitext über Spracherkennungssysteme diktiert oder per Tastatur eingegeben. Zudem werden Textbausteine für die Erstellung von Normalbefunden verwendet und bei Bedarf durch Freitextinhalte ergänzt.Softwarebasierte Befundungssysteme können Spracherkennungssysteme mit radiologischen Befundvorlagen in Form von interaktiven Entscheidungsbäumen vereinen. Eine technische Integration in RIS(Radiologieinformationssystem)-, PACS(„picture archiving and communication system“)- und AV(„advanced visualization“)-Systeme über Programmierschnittstellen und Interoperabilitätsstandards ermöglicht effiziente Prozesse und die Generierung maschinenlesbarer Befunddaten. LEISTUNGSFäHIGKEIT: Strukturierte, semantisch annotierte klinische Daten, die über ein strukturiertes Befundungssystem erhoben werden, stehen unmittelbar für epidemiologische Datenauswertungen und kontinuierliches KI(Künstliche Intelligenz)-Training zur Verfügung.Der Einsatz der strukturierten Befundung in der radiologischen Routinediagnostik ist mit einer initialen Umstellungsphase verbunden. Eine erfolgreiche Implementierung setzt eine enge Verzahnung der technischen Infrastruktur mehrerer Systeme voraus. EMPFEHLUNG FüR DIE PRAXIS: Durch die Nutzung einer hybriden, softwarebasierten Befundungslösung können radiologische Befunde mit unterschiedlichen Stufen der Struktur generiert werden. Klinische Fragestellungen oder Informationen können aus klinischen Subsystemen semiautomatisch übertragen werden, um vermeidbare Fehler zu eliminieren und die Produktivität zu erhöhen.

Macrocyclization is an important process that affords morphed scaffold in biosynthesis of bioactive natural products. Nature has adapted diverse biosynthetic strategies to form macrocycles. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of a small enzyme AvmM that can catalyze the construction of a 16-membered macrocyclic ring in the biosynthesis of alchivemycin A (1). We show through in vivo gene deletion, in vitro biochemical assay and isotope labelling experiments that AvmM catalyzes tandem dehydration and Michael-type addition to generate the core scaffold of 1. Mechanistic studies by crystallography, DFT calculations and MD simulations of AvmM reveal that the reactions are achieved with assistance from the special tenuazonic acid like moiety of substrate. Our results thus uncover an uncharacterized macrocyclization strategy in natural product biosynthesis.

This contribution renders an affordable clean method for deposition of Ag, ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanoparticles on polyester (PET) substrates by in situ wet chemical approach utilizing available Seidlitzia rosmarinuser ashes. Replacement of using hazardous chemicals such as toxic reductants and solvents as well as simplification of the process for industry through one-step process instead of separate synthesis/buying nanoparticles are the advantages of this route from the both human health/environmental and economic observations. Successful formation of silver, zinc oxide and silver/zinc oxide nanoparticles on PET fabrics was evidenced by field-emission scanning electron microscope, mapping images and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The nano-treated samples including PET/ZnO, PET/Ag and PET/Ag/ZnO have proper bactericidal performances of 71, 94, 99 % toward Staphylococcus aureus and 63, 91 and 93 % against Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. Also, the color difference among the prepared samples and the raw PET fabric is very slight which is preferred for textile and garment industry. Moreover, tensile strength of the modified fabrics was slightly promoted compared to the raw PET sample owing to nanoparticles formation over the fabric surface and the modified fabrics indicated softer handle and greater flexibility. In addition, wettability behavior for all the modified samples together with resistance to ignition in the case of ZnO deposition on the fabric was promoted. Overall, the introduced technique in this research can contribute to textile industry for producing antibacterial textiles with good textile performance using a clean way through formation of nanoparticles.

Background Colorectal cancer ranks third globally among all types of cancers. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of people with CRC is one of the effective agents in the tumorigenesis and metastasis in this type of cancer. The population of Escherichia coli strains, a component of gut microbiota, is increased in the gut of people with CRC compared with healthy people. So, E.coli strains isolated from these patients may have a role in tumorigenesis. Because the most isolated strains belong to the B2 phylogenuetic group, there seems to be a linkage between the bacterium components and malignancy. Material and methods In this study, the proteomic comparison between isolated Ecoli from CRC patients and healthy people was assayed. The isolated spot was studied by Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that the expression of Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) protein increased in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of the OmpA protein on the expression of the four genes related to apoptosis in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. Results This study identified that OmpA protein was overexpressed in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients compared to the E.coli from the control group. This protein significantly decreased the expression of Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic genes, as well as the expression of P53 in the HCT116 Cell Line, P Conclusions According to our invitro and insilico investigations, OmpA of gut E.coli strains that belong to the B2 phylogenetic group can affect the eukaryotic cell cycle.

The unused waste of Rosewater extraction has been used in this study for the synthesis of an adsorbent. The activation of the unused waste of Rosewater extraction was performed by ZnCl2 and the electric furnace. The effects of temperature and the amount of ZnCl2 on Crystal Violet (CV) removal were studied. The highest dye removal was obtained by 30 wt% ZnCl2 for one hour and heating at 600 °C. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction technique, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The studies showed the percentage of ZnO is high in the prepared adsorbent. The analyses showed the adsorbent has a higher volume of wide micropores and a small volume of mesopores with BET surface area 432.51 m2 g−1. The effects of temperature (25–40 °C), adsorbent dosage (0.5–2 g L−1), pH (2–11), time (0–320 min), and dye concentration (3–10 mg L−1) on adsorbent's ability for dye adsorption were studied. The fractal-like integrated kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm were the best kinetic and isotherm equations for CV adsorption on the synthesized adsorbent. These results show that the surface of the adsorbent is heterogeneous. The thermodynamic study showed that adsorption is spontaneous, and it is chemisorption. The adsorption performance of CV on the prepared adsorbent was compared with the commercial activated carbon. Comparing the adsorption capacities of the synthesized adsorbent (168.8 mg g−1), commercial activated carbon (108.22 mg g−1), and some other adsorbents for CV removal proved, it is a high efficient adsorbent. The importance of this study is providing a condition for the preparation of a low-cost and high efficient adsorbent from the unused waste of Rosewater extraction for water purification.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis in men and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide with increasing numbers globally. Therefore, differentiated diagnostic imaging and risk-adapted therapeutic approaches are warranted. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate supports the diagnosis of PCa and is currently the leading imaging modality for PCa detection, characterization, local staging and image-based therapy planning. Due to the combination of different MRI sequences including functional MRI methods such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), mpMRI enables a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PCa. The rising demand for individualized treatment strategies requires methods to ensure reproducibility, completeness, and quality of prostate MRI report data. The PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) 2.1 classification represents the classification system that is internationally recommended for MRI-based evaluation of clinically significant prostate cancer. PI-RADS facilitates clinical decision-making by providing clear reporting parameters based on clinical evidence and expert consensus. Combined with software-based solutions, structured radiology reports form the backbone to integrate results from radiomics analyses or AI-applications into radiological reports and vice versa. This review provides an overview of imaging methods for PCa detection and local staging while placing special emphasis on mpMRI of the prostate. Furthermore, the article highlights the benefits of software-based structured PCa reporting solutions implementing PI-RADS 2.1 for the integration of structured data into decision support systems, thereby paving the way for workflow automation in radiology.

A [2+2]-cycloaddition of bis-isatin Schiff bases 5a–b and 7 with activated aryloxyacetic acid derivatives 8a–d afforded bis-spiroisatino β-lactams with aliphatic and aromatic spacers. The structures of the synthesized 2-oxindoles and spirooxindoles were determined based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and CHN analysis. Our interest in these bis-Schiff bases and bis-spiroisatino β-lactams is for their potential anticancer capabilities. In vitro bioactivity testing against the cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines as well as noncancerous NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell was investigated applying the MTT assay. Bis-isatin derivatives 5a, 5b, 9h, 10a, and 10b showed promising antiproliferative activity toward these two cancer cell lines. Two of the bis-isatin Schiff bases, 5a and 5b, displayed IC50 values less than that of the clinically-used anticancer agent cisplatin towards both the MCF-7 and HeLa cells, while several of the bis-isatin β-lactams showed similar bioactivity to that of cisplatin. All of the oxindoles and spirooxindoles displayed a selective anticancer effect except 10b. To study the possible mechanism for this bioactivity, DNA and BSA binding analyses were performed using fluorescence and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques. The isatin adducts displayed excellent interaction propensity to CT-DNA as well as BSA. Molecular docking investigation carried out on DNA and BSA with promising molecules to show the possible mechanism of cytotoxicity activities.