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A two-stage system for octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD)-contaminated soil remediation was developed. Soil washing using emulsified oil (EO) was applied in the first stage for OCDD extraction followed by the second stage of bioremediation using P. mendocina NSYSU for remaining OCDD biodegradation. The major tasks included (1) determination of optimal soil washing conditions for OCDD extraction by EO, (2) evaluation of feasibility of OCDD biodegradation by P. mendocina NSYSU under aerobic cometabolic conditions using EO as the primary substrate, and (3) assessment of the effectiveness of OCDD removal using the two-stage system. During the soil washing stage, EO with two different oil-to-water ratios (1:50 and 1:200) and pore volumes were tested with initial soil OCDD concentration of 21,000 µg/kg. Results indicate that EO could effectively improve the solubility and desorption of OCDD in soils. Up to 74% of OCDD removal could be obtained after washing with 60 PVs of EO and dilution factor of 50. After the soil washing process, enriched P. mendocina NSYSU solution was added into the reactor to enhance the aerobic biodegradation of remaining OCDD in soils. P. mendocina NSYSU could use adsorbed EO globules as substrates and caused significant OCDD degradation via the aerobic cometabolic mechanism. Approximately 82% of the remaining OCDD could be removed after 50 days of operation, and P. mendocina NSYSU played important roles in OCDD biodegradation. Up to 87% of OCDD was removed through the EO washing and biodegradation process. The two-stage system is a potential technology to remediate dioxin-contaminated soils.

This study determined the influence of emerging industries development on molybdenum (Mo) groundwater contamination. A total of 537 groundwater samples were collected for Mo determination, including 295 samples from potentially contaminated areas of 3 industrial parks in Taiwan and 242 samples from non-potentially contaminated areas during 2008-2014. Most of the high Mo samples are located downstream from a thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel factory. Mean groundwater Mo concentrations from potentially contaminated areas (0.0058 mg/L) were significantly higher (p

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are compounds that recently have been shown to occur widely in the environment and identified as being a potential environmental or public health risk, but yet adequate data do not exist to determine their risk. This review article focuses on ECs including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, plasticizers, fire retardants, pesticides and nanomaterials. Their source, fate and transport in landfill leachate and adjacent environments have been discussed. Furthermore, state-of-the-art control and treatment techniques for ECs in landfill leachate have been presented. Sustainable management efforts for screening and control of ECs have been discussed. Molecular biology techniques to enumerate microbes capable of degrading ECs in landfills and their leachate are introduced. The article also presents future perspectives on the management of ECs in landfill leachate.

Cinnapine (1), a new pyridine alkaloid, has been isolated from the roots of Cinnamomum philippinense (Lauraceae). The structure was characterized and identified by spectral analysis.

One new chromone, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxychromone (1), was isolated from the peels of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae), together with two polymethoxyflavones, 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone (2) and 5,6,7,8,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (3). The structure of 1 was characterized and identified by spectral analysis.