13 results on '"Carum"'
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2. A comparative study on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and caraway (Carum carvil) oils
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Yousef Ramezan, Shabnam Arab, and Sepideh Hosseini
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Cuminum ,Antioxidant ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Linoleic acid ,Carum ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,Food science ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Sterol ,0104 chemical sciences ,Oleic acid ,chemistry ,Rhus coriaria ,Food Science - Abstract
Sumac, cumin, and caraway are the most common spices used in the Middle Eastern cuisine, which are also known as herbal medicine. Thus, the present study was conducted to provide comprehensive information and analysis on the oil extracted from spices. The oils of caraway, cumin, and three different varieties of sumac seeds were extracted using hexane, and oil content, fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, antioxidant properties, and sterol compositions of oils extracted from spices were analyzed. The oil content ranged from 12 to 16% among different samples. Results obtained regarding the assessment of fatty acids composition showed oleic acid as predominant fatty acid present in different varieties of sumac, while linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid of cumin and caraway. The α-tocopherol content of spices was equal to 392.06, 103.36 and 89.70 mg kg−1 for oils extracted from different varieties of sumac, caraway, and cumin, respectively. The sumac samples had high γ-tocopherol content (344.27–45.63 mg kg−1) and indicated unique oxidative stability for at least 50 h with no significant differences between the samples (P more...
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- 2020
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3. Responses of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) to exogenous salicylic acid and iron oxide nanoparticles under salt stress
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Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani, Soheila Abdoli, and Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh
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Ammi ,Antioxidant ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Sodium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ferric Compounds ,Salt Stress ,01 natural sciences ,Polyphenol oxidase ,Antioxidants ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Proline ,Food science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Carum ,chemistry ,Osmolyte ,Shoot ,Nanoparticles ,Salicylic Acid ,Salicylic acid - Abstract
This research with a factorial arrangement was undertaken to investigate physiological responses of ajowan plants to foliar treatment of salicylic acid (1 mM) and nano-Fe2O3 (3 mM) under various salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12 dS m-1 NaCl, respectively). Rising salinity enhanced sodium and endogenous SA contents, soluble sugars, protein, glycine betaine, proline, antioxidant enzymes activities, ROS generation, and lipid peroxidation, while reduced potassium and iron contents, membrane stability index, leaf water content, leaf pigments, root and shoot biomasses, and seed yield. Application of particularly SA and SA+nano-Fe2O3 alleviated salt toxicity via enhancing K+ uptake, K+/Na+ ratio, Fe content, endogenous level of SA, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase), and most of the osmolytes. These changes were resulted in improving membrane stability index, leaf water content, leaf pigments, root and shoot growth, and finally seed yield of plants under moderate and severe salinities. Therefore, these treatments can additively enhance salt tolerance and physiological performance of ajowan through increasing antioxidant capacity, osmolytes, and photosynthetic pigments. Graphical Abstract . more...
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- 2020
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4. Comparative Effects of Carum copticum Essential Oil on Bacterial Growth and Shiga-Toxin Gene Expression of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at Abused Refrigerated Temperatures
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Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, Leila Mahmoudzadeh, Hedayat Hosseini, and Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
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Colony Count, Microbial ,Gene Expression ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Bacterial growth ,Escherichia coli O157 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Shiga Toxin ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Raw Foods ,Refrigeration ,law ,Oils, Volatile ,medicine ,Animals ,Food microbiology ,Food science ,Escherichia coli ,Essential oil ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Temperature ,Shiga toxin ,General Medicine ,Minced beef ,food.food ,Carum ,Red Meat ,chemistry ,Tryptone ,Food Microbiology ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,Antibacterial activity - Abstract
Abused refrigerated temperatures are described as unacceptable deviations from the optimal temperature, occurring frequently during transportation of food products. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serious contaminant of meats and meat products due to its ability to grow at abused temperatures (> 10 °C). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Carum copticum essential oil for the control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using laboratory media and minced beef at severe abused refrigerated temperature (15 °C). A comparative quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR was used to assess effects of temperature and Carum copticum essential oil at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations on bacterial growth and Shiga-toxin gene (stx1A and stx2A) expression. Results indicated that Carum copticum essential oil inhibited growth of E. coli O157:H7 in tryptone soy broth (TSB) media at all sub-MIC values until Hour 48. However, bacterial population increased progressively until Hour 72 at essential oil concentration of 0.75% (ml g−1) and reached 8.6 log CFU g−1 in minced beef. The essential oil at concentration of 0.005% (ml g−1) increased stx gene expression at all times, but increased stx gene expression (0.015%) at Hour 24 in TSB media. The expression rate of stx1A in minced beef decreased progressively (10.39 and 7.67 folds for 0.5 and 0.75%, respectively) and expression of stx2A was variable in minced beef during storage. In conclusion, results from this study have shown that effects of Carum copticum essential oil on growth and virulence gene expression are not necessarily correlated and temperature, essential oil concentration, investigated gene type, and bacterial growth environment (in vivo or in vitro) are effective as well. more...
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- 2020
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5. Antibacterial Activity of Carum copticum Essential Oil Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Meat: Stx Genes Expression
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Farzaneh Shahraz, Hedayat Hosseini, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Maryam Mahmoudzadeh, Marjan Rismanchi, Leila Mahmoudzadeh, Rafael D. Chaves, Javad Nasrollahzadeh, Alexander G. Haslberger, and Maryam Azizkhani more...
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0301 basic medicine ,Meat ,030106 microbiology ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Escherichia coli O157 ,Shiga Toxins ,medicine.disease_cause ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,law ,Escherichia ,Gene expression ,Oils, Volatile ,medicine ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Food science ,Escherichia coli ,Essential oil ,Minimum bactericidal concentration ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Carum ,Cattle ,Food Additives ,Antibacterial activity ,Bacteria - Abstract
This work were aimed to (a) determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Carum copticum essential oil (EO) against Escherichia. coli O157:H7 in vitro Trypticase Soy Broth, (TSB) and in ground beef; (b) evaluation of the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of EO on the growth of bacterium in TSB over 72 h (at 35 °C) and ground beef over 9 days (at 4 °C); and (c) investigation of gene expression involved in Shiga toxins production using relative quantitative real-time PCR method. The MIC in broth and ground beef medium were determined as 0.05 (v/v) and 1.75 % (v/w), respectively. In comparison with control cultures, the EO concentration of 0.03 % in broth caused reduction of colony counting as 1.93, 1.79, and 2.62 log10 CFU ml(-1) after 24, 48, and 72 h at 35 °C, and similarly EO (0.75 %) in ground beef resulted to reduction of colony counting as 1.03, 0.92, 1.48, and 2.12 log10 CFU g (-1) after 2, 5, 7, and 9 days at 4 °C, respectively. An increase and decrease in gene expression were observed as result of EO addition (0.03 %) to broth and (0.5 %) to ground beef was noticed, respectively. more...
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- 2016
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6. Effect of dietary caraway essential oils on expression of β-catenin during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis
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Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Abolfazl Dadkhah, Faezeh Fatemi, Javad Ashrafihelan, and Abdolamir Allameh
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinogenesis ,Colon ,Colorectal cancer ,Carum ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aberrant Crypt Foci ,Dietary Fats, Unsaturated ,Internal medicine ,Oils, Volatile ,medicine ,Animals ,Anticarcinogenic Agents ,Plant Oils ,Rats, Wistar ,beta Catenin ,Carcinogen ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cancer ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,1,2-Dimethylhydrazine ,Rats ,Catenin ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Carcinogens ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Aberrant crypt foci - Abstract
We have recently reported that the inhibition of colonic premalignant lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is mediated by the interference of caraway oil components in the activities of the main hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of dietary caraway oils on the progression of cancer, with emphasis on β-catenin expression in the colon during DMH-induced colonic carcinogenesis. For this purpose, colon cancer was induced by DMH in rats (20 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) and groups of animals were given dietary caraway essential oils at two levels (0.01 and 0.1%) for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks and at the end of the experimental period the colon tissue biopsies were processed for histopathological examination and the expression of β-catenin at mRNA and protein levels was estimated by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The formation of premalignant lesions based on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in DMH-treated rats was greatly inhibited (72-87%) in rats given dietary essential oils when compared to respective controls. There was a correlation between the number of colonic ACF formation and the expression levels of β-catenin measured at protein and mRNA levels. These results indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is activated during colon cancer promotion and that the expression of colonic β-catenin is altered in long-term caraway oil feeding, leading to suppression of DMH-induced premalignant lesions in rat colon. more...
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- 2012
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7. Carum induced hypothyroidism: an interesting observation and an experiment
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Narjess Ayati, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Mohamad Ramezani, and Seyede Maryam Naghibi
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Carum carvi ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Analgesic ,Levothyroxine ,Thyrotropin ,Case Report ,Carum ,Young Adult ,Hypothyroidism ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ingestion ,Thyroid Neoplasms ,Thyroid ,biology ,TSH ,business.industry ,Carcinoma ,Building and Construction ,biology.organism_classification ,Carcinoma, Papillary ,Discontinuation ,Thyroxine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ,Female ,Antispasmodic ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Carum carvi is a widely available herb that has been used as a food additive and as a medication in traditional medicine for many years. Its potential biological effects include analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and antispasmodic activities. We report a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma who were under treatment with levothyroxine and experienced an elevated TSH level by ingestion of Carum carvi. TSH level was increased to 60.3 mIU/L with no change in levothyroxine dosage and decreased to normal range after discontinuation of the Carum carvi. Observing this dramatic change in TSH level by carum ingestion, carum carvi capsules was produced and one of the researcher tried the medication on herself with a dose of 40 mg/kg/day. She had a history of hypothyroidism and was taking 100 ugr/day of levothyroxine. TSH was markedly increased 2 weeks after ingestion of Carum carvi and returned to normal range 5 months after discontinuation of it. This case report shows the effect of consumption of Carum carvi in increasing TSH level in hypothyroid patients treating with levothyroxine. The exact mechanism of action of carum carvi remains unknown. more...
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- 2015
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8. Dose dependent inhibitory effect of dietary caraway on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colonic aberrant crypt foci and bacterial enzyme activity in rats
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Murugan Sengottuvelan, Muthaiyan Kamaleeswari, Namasivayam Nalini, and Kumaraswami Deeptha
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,food.ingredient ,Colon ,Colorectal cancer ,medicine.disease_cause ,Feces ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Rats, Wistar ,Pharmacology ,Bacteria ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Catalase ,medicine.disease ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,Enzyme assay ,1,2-Dimethylhydrazine ,Carum ,Diet ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Oncology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Carum carvi ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Seeds ,Carcinogens ,biology.protein ,Peanut oil ,Lipid Peroxidation ,Plant Preparations ,Precancerous Conditions ,Oxidative stress ,Aberrant crypt foci - Abstract
Colon cancer has become one of the major causes of cancer mortality. We determined the effect of caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and modulation of fecal bacterial enzyme activities in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced experimental rat colon carcinogenesis. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups and all the animals were fed 15.8% peanut oil making a total of 20% fat in the diet. Group 1 served as control and group 2 animals received 90 mg/kg body weight caraway p.o. daily for 15 weeks. To induce ACF, DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously once a week for the first four weeks (groups 3-6). In addition caraway was administered at the dose of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight everyday orally for the entire period of 15 weeks (groups 4-6). First, we analyzed ACF number (incidence), multiplicity and its distribution along the colon in all experimental groups at the end of 15 weeks. Subsequently, we also assayed the fecal bacterial enzyme activities. ACF formation and the fecal bacterial enzyme activities were found to be significantly high in DMH-alone treated group as compared to control group. Caraway supplementation at three different doses significantly suppressed ACF development, bacterial enzyme activities and modulated oxidative stress significantly as compared to the unsupplemented DMH-treated group. Results of our present study indicate that dietary caraway markedly inhibited DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis and the optimal dose of 60 mg/kg body weight was more effective than the other two doses. more...
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- 2006
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9. [Untitled]
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K. G. Mukerji, Rupam Kapoor, and Bhoopander Giri
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Limonene ,Carvone ,biology ,Physiology ,fungi ,Anethum graveolens ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Trachyspermum ammi ,Carum ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Botany ,Mycorrhiza ,Thymol ,Essential oil ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The effects of application of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus macrocarpum and G. fasciculatum on shoot biomass and concentration of essential oil in Anethum graveolens L. and Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague fruits were evaluated. Results revealed significant variation in effectiveness of the two AM fungal species. AM fungal inoculation in general improved the growth of the plants. On mycorrhization, the concentration of essential oil increased up to 90% in dill and 72% in carum over their respective controls. Glomus macrocarpum was more effective than G. fasciculatum in enhancing the oil concentration. The constituents of the essential oils were characterized by gas liquid chromatography. The levels of limonene and carvone were enhanced in essential oil obtained from G. macrocarpum-inoculated dill plants, while G. fasciculatum inoculation resulted in a higher level of thymol in carum. more...
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- 2002
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10. Sub-MICs of Carum copticum and Thymus vulgaris influence virulence factors and biofilm formation in Candida spp
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Francien Susanna Botha, Iqbal Ahmad, Swaranjit C. Cameotra, and Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
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Antifungal Agents ,Virulence Factors ,Thymus vulgaris ,Virulence ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Carum ,Hemolysis ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Microbiology ,Thymus Plant ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Thymol ,Candida ,Microbial Viability ,Sheep ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Biofilm ,Hemolysin ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Biofilms ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Emergence of drug-resistant strains of Candida and inefficiency of conventional antifungal therapy has necessitated the search for alternative and new antifungal agents. Inhibition of virulence and biofilm are the potential drug targets. In this study, the oils of Carum copticum, Thymus vulgaris and their major active compound thymol as revealed by Gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-GC/MS) analysis were tested for their inhibitory activity against growth to determine sub-MIC values against 27 drug-resistant strains of Candida spp. Methods Brothmacrodilution method was used for determination of MIC of test oils against Candida strains. The spectrophotometric methods were used for detection and inhibition assays for virulence factors in Candida spp. Light and electron microscopy was performed to observe morphological effects of oils on biofilms. GC-GC/MS were used to evaluate the major active compounds of test oils. Results Virulence factors like proteinase and haemolysin were detected in 18 strains, both in solid and liquid media. A 70% of the test strains exhibited hydrophobicity and formed moderate to strong biofilms (OD280 0.5- > 1.0). Test oils exhibited MICs in the range of 45–360 μg.mL−1 against the majority of test strains. All the oils at 0.25× and 0.5× MICs induced >70% reduction in the cell surface hydrophobicity, proteinase and haemolysin production. At 0.5× MIC, thymol and T. vulgaris were most inhibitory against biofilm formation. At sub-MICs electron microscopic studies revealed the deformity of complex structures of biofilms formed and cell membranes appeared to be the target site of these agents. Conclusions Therefore, our findings have highlighted the concentration dependent activity of oils of C. copticum and T. vulgaris against virulence factors and biofilms in proteinase and haemolysin producing drug-resistant strains of Candida spp. The above activities of test oils are supposed to be mainly contributed due to their major active compound thymol. Further mechanism involving anti-proteinase, anti-haemolysin and anti-biofilm activities of these oils and compounds are to be explored for possible exploitation in combating Candida infections. more...
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- 2014
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11. Influence of spices on protein utilisation of winged bean (Prophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (Dolichos biflorus)
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Pradeep Ku and Geervani P
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Male ,Psophocarpus ,Cuminum ,Foeniculum ,Nitrogen ,Coriandrum ,Carum ,Plant Proteins, Dietary ,Sativum ,food ,Botany ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Spices ,Analysis of Variance ,Plants, Medicinal ,biology ,Dolichos biflorus ,Fabaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,food.food ,Rats ,Horticulture ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Plant protein ,Digestion ,Nutritive Value ,Food Science - Abstract
The influence of a mixture of eleven spices commonly consumed in India on the utilisation of protein from boiled winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) was studied at 10 and 20 percent level of protein intake in experimental rats. Spices used in the mixture include red chillies (Capsicum annum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), ajowan (Carum copticum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), caraway seeds (Carum carui) and fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). Addition of this spice mixture at 1.5% level of the diet decreased the TD of both legumes, significantly only in the case of horsegram. A significant increase was observed in the BV of both the legumes at both levels of protein tested. more...
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- 1994
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12. Hypoglycaemic study of some umbelliferae seeds in albino rats
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A. N. Kalia, Harbans Lal, A. S. Saini, and D. K. Agrawal
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Glucose lowering ,Cuminum ,biology ,business.industry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmacology ,biology.organism_classification ,Carum ,Trachyspermum ammi ,Streptozotocin ,Aqueous suspension ,Carum carvi ,Oral administration ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Blood glucose levels were determined in normal, glucose loaded (hyperglycaemic) and diabetic rats after oral administration of some of the Caraway species and allied seeds (Cuminum Cyminum, Carum bulbocastanum, Carum Carvi, Trachyspermum ammi, and Cuminum nigrum). The data showed that the aqueous suspension of Carum Carvi seeds caused a significant reduction in blood glucose level in normoglycaemic, hyperglycaemic as well as alloxanated diabetic rats. The, drug however, did not show any blood glucose lowering effect in streptozotocin treated rats. It is suggested that C. Carvi, seeds have some hypoglycaemic principle. more...
- Published
- 1992
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13. Secondary Constituents from Carum montanum
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M. Benahmed, Salah Akkal, Philippe Vérité, Elisabeth Seguin, Abdelhakim Elomri, and Hocine Laouer
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biology ,Chemistry ,Plant Science ,General Chemistry ,Carum ,biology.organism_classification ,Humanities ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
1) Departement de Chimie, Faculte de Sciences, Universite Mentouri Constantine, Route d’Ain el Bey, 25000Constantine, Algerie, fax: 213 31 81 88 85, e-mail: salah4dz@yahoo.fr; 2) Departement de Biologie, Faculte de Sciences,Universite Ferhat Abbas, 19000 Setif, Algerie; 3) Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Universite de Rouen-Haute Normandie,UMR6014-CNRS, Faculte de Pharmacie, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, F-76183 Rouen Cedex, France; 4) Laboratoire de ChimieAnalytique, ADEN EA 3234, Universite de Rouen-Haute Normandie, Faculte de Pharmacie, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, F-76183Rouen Cedex 1, France. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 411-412, July-August, 2008. Original articlesubmitted January 29, 2007. 510 0009-3130/08/4404-0510 more...
- Published
- 2008
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