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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that facilitates insulin secretion and preserves β cell function. hypertriglyceridemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. The purpose of this study was to measure fasting active GLP-1 levels in hypertriglyceridemia subjects and analyse the relationship between GLP-1 and insulin resistance. We recruited 146 subjects including 38 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia, 33 diabetes patients without hypertriglyceridemia, 35 hypertriglyceridemia subjects, and 40 healthy subjects as the normal control group. Serum fasting active GLP-1 was tested with ELISA in the four groups, and associations with insulin resistance were analysed. Serum fasting active GLP-1 levels were significantly increased in hypertriglyceridemia subjects with or without T2DM compared with healthy controls, particularly hypertriglyceridemia patients with T2DM (p

Combining metal to form metal phosphide is a promising strategy to address the fast capacity decay of P rooted from its low electronic conductivity and large volume changes upon cycling. Cu3P, which possesses a high theoretical gravimetric and volumetric capacity of 363 mAh·g−1 and 1028 Ah·L−1 and reasonable volume expansion of 156% during sodiation, was investigated as anode material in SIBs. Hollow-structured Cu3P electrode delivers an initial de-sodiation capacity of ~ 159.0 mAh·g−1 with high capacity retention of ~ 85.1% over 50 cycles at 0.2C rate and exhibits good rate performance, retaining 70% of the capacity when the current density increases from 0.2C to 1.6C. A 3 V-class full cell consisting of P2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/2Ti1/6O2 cathode and Cu3P anode was also assembled, which could achieve an energy density of ~ 189.3 Wh·kg−1 (based on the mass of both electrode materials) and average discharge voltage of ~ 2.91 V when cycled in 1.0–4.3 V at 0.1C. Facile synthesis of hollow Cu3P as a good anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries

Frequent monitoring and relatively high fines are usually necessary to bring about improvements in environmental quality, but more challenging for many countries with limited human, material, and financial resources is to put them into practice. This paper developed a three-group model of a state-dependent enforcement in a repeated game to improve the policy implementation under limited inspection capacities. A certain number of firms are grouped (group 1, group 2, group 3) for different supervision intensity (e.g., the order of inspection probability corresponding to each group is p 1

A novel UV apparatus based on Dean vortex technology is designed for inactivating bacteria in milk. In this apparatus, the milk flows through a helical quartz tube coiling around an electrodeless UV lamp (EUL) with a radio frequency of 2.65 MHz. Flow rate, inner diameter of quartz tube, different UV sources, and different types of bacteria have been found as the key factors for the valuable effects on bacterial inactivation. The EUL apparatus worked more efficiently in the UV inactivation of the predetermined populations of milk-related bacteria than the conventional low-pressure high-intensity mercury lamp. When the UV dose of 21.3 mJ/cm2 was applied, the numbers of all the bacteria were reduced by more than 6 log10 with a flow rate of 28.8 L/h and a tube’s inner diameter of 1.5 mm. Dean vortices were formed in the milk flow during the UV processing and played an important role in the UV inactivation of the bacteria. Another inactivation test with the apparatus applying the UV dose of 21.3 mJ/cm2 was also done with raw cow’s milk containing indigenous microorganisms, including Salmonella and Shigella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, and the total aerobic bacteria were reduced by approximately 3–4 log10. In short, the EUL apparatus requires smaller energy, occupies less space, and has simpler operating procedures than thermal pasteurization. Thus, the novel method provides a viable alternative to thermal pasteurization of milk for improving the microbial safety of milk and extending its shelf life.

To investigate the statistical behavior in the sizes of finite clusters for percolation, cluster size distribution n s (p) for site and bond percolations at different lattices and dimensions was simulated using a modified algorithm. An equation to approximate the finite cluster size distribution n s (p) was obtained and expressed as: log (n s (p)) = as − b log s + c. Based on the analysis of simulation data, we found that the equation is valid for p from 0 to 1 on site and for the bond percolation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lattices. Furthermore, the relationship between the coefficients of the equation and the occupied ratio p was studied using the finite-size scaling method. When $$x = D(p - p_c )L^{y_t }$$ , p < p c , and D was a nonuniversal metric factor. a was found to be related only to p, and the a-x curves of different lattices were nearly overlapped; b was related to the dimensions and p, and the scaled data of the b of all lattices with the same dimension tended to fall on the same curves. Unlike a and b, c apparently had a quadratic relation with x in 2D lattices and linear relation with x in 3D lattices. The results of this paper could significantly reduce the amount of tasks required to obtain numerical data of on the cluster size distribution for p from 0 to p c .