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The purpose of this paper is to give an updated review of the last clinical entities in pathological myopia proposed by means of new generation optical coherence tomography (OCT), including enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) and swept source OCT (SS-OCT). PubMed and Google engine search were carried out using the terms "pathological myopia" associated with "coherence tomography," "enhanced depth imaging," and "swept source OCT." Latest publications up to Jan 2015 about myopia-related complications, including open-angle chronic glaucoma, peripapillary retinal changes, acquired macular diseases, and choroidal neovascularization, have been reviewed. New OCT technologies have led to a greater insight in pathophysiology of high-grade myopia. However, further investigation is needed in order to prevent irreversible visual loss and optic nerve damage.

To evaluate changes in ocular surface and central corneal sub-basal nerve fiber layer (SBNFL) after topical cyclosporin therapy in chronic glaucoma patients on long-term topical antiglaucoma therapy.A prospective comparative study of ocular surface evaluation of chronic glaucoma patients on long-term topical therapy treated concurrently with a topical cyclosporine 0.05% twice daily for 6 months and controls was done. The study parameters evaluated at recruitment and at the 6-month follow-up included details of topical antiglaucoma medications, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular surface evaluation parameters (TBUT, Schirmers I, ocular surface staining scores and ocular surface disease (OSD) index score (OSDI)), central corneal sensation (Cochet Bonnett aesthesiometer), and central confocal microscopy to study the SBNFL density (SBNFLD).Thirty-two eyes of 16 patients with chronic glaucoma and 30 eyes of 15 normal subjects as controls were studied. Mean TBUT, pre/post CsA treatment was 8.67±3.01/12.24±1.83 s (P=0.007). Mean conjunctival/corneal staining scores pre/post CsA treatment were 3.38±1.93/1.50±0.718 (P=0.00) /5.19±1.82/1.81±0.78 (P=0.098), respectively. Mean OSDI pre/post CsA treatment scores were 30.63±14.61/14.76±6.06 (P=0.007). Mean corneal sensations scores pre/post CsA treatment were 4.64±0.46/4.94±0.39 (P=0.002). Central corneal SBNFLD pre and post CsA treatment was 8811.35±2985.29/10335.13±4092.064 μm/mm(2) (P=0.0001).Schirmer's test, ocular surface staining scores, OSDI, corneal sensations, and corneal SBNFLD showed a statistically significant improvement following a 6-month concurrent topical CsA therapy.

The purpose of this article is to trace the development of the term 'chronic glaucoma' from early beginnings to the present day. I will look at the evolution of the term, what we mean by the term 'chronic glaucoma' today and how we might be defining it tomorrow.

A new and simple technique for glaucoma filtering surgery is presented. It is based on the introduction of a stainless steel microspiral or gonioseton into a goniopuncture by way of an ab interno procedure, minimising surgical trauma to the filtration area. Preliminary results are presented.

Of 34 consecutive patients with chronic glaucoma seen in north-east Ghana, 22 (65%) were male and seven (21%) were aged under 40 years. Only 17% of eyes had a visual acuity better than 6/18 at presentation. Sixteen of 23 patients who underwent gonioscopy had PAS of which 13 had positive skin snips for onchocerciasis, compared with two out of seven patients with positive skin snips who had open angle glaucoma (p = 0.003). Of 22 trabecular meshworks examined by light microscopy ten (45%) showed marked melanin pigmentation which was more common in younger patients but did not correlate with onchocerciasis infection.

Visual field information obtained with the automatic Computer-Perimeter (‘Competer’) can be condensed into a single numerical value. This performance measure was applied to a normal population to determine the physiologic decay of retinal sensitivity with aging. Further, the development of this performance measure was followed in 54 glaucoma eyes which were divided into three groups: Untreated, treated with satisfactory intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation, and treated with unsatisfactory IOP regulation. All eyes were examined perimetrically on at least three separate occasions. Decaying performance measures were found in the preponderance of glaucoma eyes. Therapy aimed at lowering the IOP did not offer a protective effect. Papillary hemorrhage and a significant decay in performance are usually found in the same eye.

54 eyes with glaucoma simplex and 21 eyes with secondary chronic glaucoma were treated once by laser trabeculopuncture and followed up for at least 1 year. The results in the first group were encouraging, in the second group disappointing. L.T.P. appears to be a technique with which, in the majority of cases of glaucoma simplex, a sustained moderate decrease in pressure can be obtained.

In a retrospective study of 114 patients under treatment for chronic glaucoma (81 without and 33 with visual field defect) over an 11-year period of observation, a highly significant correlation between intraocular pressure and progression of visual field defects could be demonstrated. This correlation could be shown for the visual field outer boundary in 81 eyes with ocular hypertension and for typical visual field defects in 33 eyes with chronic glaucoma. The relationship was, however, only significant when both the standard deviation of the annual intraocular pressure and the influence of cataract development upon visual acuity were considered. Quantitative analysis of the results of Goldmann perimetry was by planimetry and took into account only changes during the 11-year observation period.

Bericht uber biometrische Befunde an 21 Augen mit chronischem Glaukom. Beim Glaucoma chronicum congestivum ist die Tiefe des Vorderabschnittes im Vergleich zum Glaucoma simplex erheblich vermindert; dagegen erscheint die Linsendicke mit 5,2 mm gegenuber dem Altersdurchschnitt vermehrt. Die Achsenlange scheint beim Glaucoma chronicum congestivum kurzer als beim Glaucoma simplex zu sein.

Die Trabekulotomie ist ein beim Glaukom angewandtes mikrochirurgisches Operationsverfahren. Durch Einreissen des Trabekelwerks wird versucht, den Abfluswiderstand zwischen der Vorderkammer und dem Schlemm'schen Kanal zu beseitigen. 174 Augen wurden wegen eines primar chronischen Glaukoms operiert. Davon konnten 100 Augen mit komplikationslosem postoperativem Verlauf 6 Monate und langer beobachtet werden. Bei 88 dieser Augen ist durch die Operation das Druckverhalten reguliert worden (28 davon mit zusatzlich gegebenen Miotika).