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There is a growing interest in whether and how parents’ experiences of discrimination may affect their children’s health and well-being. Considering that the intergenerational influence of discrimination on child well-being is still underexplored in China, there is an urgent need to determine whether children become depressed as a result of their parents’ discrimination experiences and to identify the pathways leading to their depressive symptoms. This study examined whether and how parents’ experiences of discrimination may lead to child (aged 10–15 years) depressive symptoms using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The analytic sample included 1554 triads comprising children and both parents. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was employed to examine whether parents’ experiences of discrimination were related to child depressive symptoms through more serious parents’ depressive symptoms and greater tension between the two parents and between parents and their children. The analysis indicated that both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of discrimination were indirectly related to children’s depressive symptoms through fathers’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms, parent–child quarreling, and interparental quarreling. The study also showed a crossover effect from fathers’ discrimination experiences to mothers’ depressive symptoms and indicated that fathers’ experiences of discrimination could influence children’s depressive symptoms through mothers’ depressive symptoms. The findings suggested that children whose parents were likely to suffer from discrimination, from either the father’s or mother’s side, could become vulnerable. Policies and practices targeting adult discrimination need to be extended to children to enhance parents’ awareness and improve their strategies for coping with discrimination.

Almost 70% grandparents play important roles in the parenting of grandchildren in China. Although several studies have investigated the influence of grandparenting on children, few studies have taken the mutual impacts between parental and grandparental caregivers on children into account. The present study investigated the different associations of mother’s and grandmother’s parental control (psychological and behavioral control), mother-child attachment, grandmother-child attachment, and child depressive symptoms between paternal and maternal groups from 201 grandparenting families. Results of mediating effect indicated the different associations between groups. In paternal group, significant crossover effect was shown in the association between paternal grandmother’s psychological control and mother-child attachment; mother’s psychological control and behavioral control were indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms through mother-child attachment. In maternal group, we did not find the same crossover effect as in paternal group, but maternal grandmother’s psychological control was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms through maternal grandmother-child attachment. These findings expanded the crossover theory to grandmother-mother subsystem to reveal the mutual impacts on children between paternal and maternal group in grandparenting families.

We review the long standing problem of superfluid pairing in pure neutron matter. For the $s$-wave pairing, we summarize the state of the art of many-body approaches including different $nn$ interactions, medium polarization, short-range correlations and BCS-BEC crossover effects, and compare them with quantum Monte Carlo results at low-densities. We also address pairing in the $p$-wave, which appears at higher densities and hence has large uncertainties due to the poorly constrained interactions, medium effects and many-body forces., Comment: 15 pages, Mini-review for EPJ Special Topics, v2: minor changes

This daily diary study addresses whether work colleague’s mindfulness at workplace relates to employee’s well-being and performance. Our sample was comprised by 63 couples of coworkers, who filled in quantitative web-based reports twice a day during a whole working week ((N = 126; 1260 occasions). Multilevel analysis was performed, thus showing that colleague’s daily mindfulness at the work context was positively linked to employee’s daily level of relaxation at home. This association was found to be partially mediated by the levels of daily positive affect that employees experienced during their working hours. Additionally, on those days in which employees reported higher levels of positive affect, they tend to foster organizational citizenship behaviours during the following day (colleague-reported). Previous day’s relaxation at home seemed to partially mediate this link. These results are the first ones to show a crossover effect of mindfulness between a couple of work colleagues, thus providing some evidence in favor of the idea that same hierarchical-level agents may benefit from interpersonal associations like the one we present. Moreover, our study expands the flourishing line of research about the within-person dynamics of mindfulness and the way it can be transferred between work and home indistinctively, on a daily basis. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

Previous research shows that commuting is often accompanied by increased stress, exhaustion and less time for partners and children. On the basis of the life course approach and work-life balance theory, we argue that these negative outcomes also influence the dynamics of the social relationships of individuals who live together in the same household. Most research has focused on the commuter, whereas less is known regarding how commuting affects the subjective well-being of other household members, in this case, the partner. Our paper contributes to this research gap by analysing the interdependencies of parents who commute in regard to their overall and domain-specific well-being. We use pooled data from three waves of the German Family Panel, which includes standardised information related to working conditions and job-related mobility as well as family dynamics from both parents’ perspectives. The resulting subsample has N = 2443 dyads in families. Our dyadic analysis shows negative spillover effects of commuting times on all included measures of subjective well-being, but only for mothers. Moreover, there are two crossover effects: a negative crossover effect from mothers commuting on fathers’ satisfaction with family life and a positive crossover effect of fathers commuting on mothers’ satisfaction with social contacts outside the family (i.e. friends). Overall, the findings indicate that mothers own commuting works as a more general burden, whereas fathers seem to suffer more from their partner’s commuting time than vice versa.

Although the majority of research on adolescents’ online behavior has focused on antisocial behavior such as cyberbullying, adolescents more often behave prosocially than antisocially online. Research on offline prosocial behavior has shown that happiness and prosocial behavior are related. Furthermore, spillover-crossover research suggests that emotional states originating in one context can spill over to another context and can even cross over from one person to another. Therefore, this study examined whether happiness is also related to adolescents’ online prosocial behavior and whether others’ (in this case, parents’) happiness also indirectly, via transmission to adolescents’ own happiness, predicts adolescents’ online prosocial behavior. Via a daily diary method, the associations of adolescents’ own happiness and their parents’ happiness with adolescents’ online prosocial behavior were tested on a daily level. The findings suggest that, on a daily level, happiness creates a ripple effect whereby adolescents and parents take their positive emotional states from school and work home, and adolescents act on their happiness by behaving more prosocially online. The strongest spillover and crossover effects were found for girls and their mothers, evoking questions for future research to understand these gender differences. ispartof: Journal of Happiness Studies vol:20 issue:4 pages:1241-1258 status: published

The current daily diary study among 60 dual-earner couples examined whether daily levels of mindfulness at work were associated with both the employees and their partners’ well-being. Based on the spillover-crossover model, we hypothesized that on days when the employees’ state mindfulness at work was higher, it would spill over to the home domain in the form of an increased state happiness at the end of the day and decreased work to family conflict. Furthermore, we hypothesized a crossover of mindfulness at work between the members of the couple, so that the partners of employees who were highly mindful at work would be more satisfied with their relationship. We examined all our hypotheses from a daily, within-person perspective. Participants filled in an online diary survey during five consecutive working days (N = 120 participants and N = 600 occasions). The results of the multilevel analyses showed a spillover effect from the employees’ state mindfulness at work to their state happiness and their spouses’ report of the employees’ work-family conflict. Moreover, we also found a crossover effect between mindfulness at work and spouses’ relationship satisfaction. Finally, results supported a partial mediation model in which daily mindfulness at work was positively related to the daily spouses’ relationship satisfaction and negatively to employees’ spouse-reported work-family conflict through the employees’ daily happiness levels. Therefore, these findings suggest that mindfulness at work influences not only the employee, but also affects the family domain by reducing strain at home and increasing relationship satisfaction.

We report the results from two experiments examining native and non-native German speakers' sensitivity to crossover constraints on pronoun resolution. Our critical stimuli sentences contained personal pronouns in either strong (SCO) or weak crossover (WCO) configurations. Using eye-movement monitoring during reading and a gender-mismatch paradigm, Experiment 1 investigated whether a fronted wh-phrase would be considered as a potential antecedent for a pronoun intervening between the wh-phrase and its canonical position. Both native and non-native readers initially attempted coreference in WCO but not in SCO configurations, as evidenced by early gender-mismatch effects in our WCO conditions. Experiment 2 was an offline antecedent judgement task whose results mirrored the SCO/WCO asymmetry observed in our reading-time data. Taken together, our results show that the SCO constraint immediately restricts pronoun interpretation in both native and non-native comprehension, and further suggest that SCO and WCO constraints derive from different sources.

This study examined the relationship between workplace sexual harassment as perceived by female employees and the family satisfaction of their husbands. It also considered the mediating roles of employees’ job tension and work-to-family conflict (WFC) and the moderating role of employees’ work–home segmentation preference in this relationship. The results, based on data from 210 Chinese employee–spouse dyads collected at four time points, indicated that employees’ perceptions of sexual harassment were positively related to their job tension, which in turn increased WFC. Moreover, WFC was negatively related to spouse family satisfaction. The negative relationship between sexual harassment and spouse family satisfaction was mediated by employees’ job tension and WFC. Finally, work–home segmentation preference attenuated the relationship between job tension and WFC. Our results provided insightful theoretical contributions and managerial implications for the sexual harassment and work–family literatures.

The present study investigated the crossover effects of employee perceptions of servant leadership and job social support on the family satisfaction and quality of family life experienced by the employees’ spouses. These effects were explored through a focus on the mediating role of employee organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). Results from a three-wave field survey of 199 employee–spouse dyads in the People’s Republic of China support our hypotheses, indicating that OBSE fully mediates the positive effects of servant leadership and job social support on family satisfaction and quality of family life. These findings provide new theoretical directions for work–family research.

This study examines the crossover effects of a type of negative workplace event known as a psychological contract breach, on partner’s life satisfaction. This study also investigates the moderating effects of employee’s and partner’s neuroticism on the partner’s psychological strain, leading to partner’s life satisfaction. Analysis of a sample of 284 employee-partner dyads from manufacturing, electronics, banking, service, and public organizations in Taiwan shows a significant positive relationship between psychological contract breach and life satisfaction, via psychological strain. Employee and partner neuroticisms were found to strengthen the relationships between psychological contract breach, psychological strain and life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Parental and professional caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) often experience stress and hardship associated with their role, placing them in real danger of burnout and affecting their quality of care. Mindfulness practice is currently being applied to address these issues. We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the effects of mindfulness practice and analyse the intervention and methodological features used for eliciting these effects. An initial search produced 386 publications. Of these, seven met the selection criteria of intervention studies that applied mindfulness to parental and professional caregivers of individuals with DD. We found, from analysis of seven studies, direct effects of mindfulness practice for practitioners (i.e., parental and professional caregivers) and crossover effects for individuals with whom these practitioners interacted (i.e., their children and care recipients). The studies under review collectively suggest that the practice of mindfulness in everyday life over significant periods of time can both improve the experience of care providers and support them in providing a better standard of care for care recipients. Limitations of current mindfulness intervention studies and some implications for future studies are discussed to strengthen the application of mindfulness for individuals influenced by DD.

In the present study, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to investigate cognitive processes related to the partial transmission of information from stimulus recognition to response preparation. Participants classified two-dimensional visual stimuli with dimensions size and form. One feature combination was designated as the go-target, whereas the other three feature combinations served as no-go distractors. Size discriminability was manipulated across three experimental conditions. N2c and P3a amplitudes were enhanced in response to those distractors that shared the feature from the faster dimension with the target. Moreover, N2c and P3a amplitudes showed a crossover effect: Size distractors evoked more pronounced ERPs under high size discriminability, but form distractors elicited enhanced ERPs under low size discriminability. These results suggest that partial perceptual-motor transmission of information is accompanied by acts of cognitive control and by shifts of attention between the sources of conflicting information. Selection negativity findings imply adaptive allocation of visual feature-based attention across the two stimulus dimensions.

This squib presents a rebuttal to two of King’s (Complex demonstratives: A quantificational account. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001) arguments that complex demonstratives are quantifier phrases like every man. The first is in response to King’s argument that because complex demonstratives induce weak crossover effects, they are quantifier phrases. I argue that unlike quantifier phrases and like other definite determiner phrases, complex demonstratives in object position can corefer with singular pronouns contained in the subject DP. Although complex demonstratives could undergo LF-movement, the ruling out by weak crossover is empirically undetectable. The second rebuttal is in response to King’s argument that because complex demonstratives allow antecedent-contained deletion, they are quantifier phrases. I present data showing that along with quantifier phrases, complex demonstratives pattern with proper names in allowing ACD with restrictive modification, but usually not with non-restrictive modification.

We present a predicate-logic like system with explicit scope control that captures the possibilities of a diverse range of natural language like binding effects, as well as the limits on when the effects arise. Phenomena covered include: inter-sentential (dynamic) binding, intra-sentential (non-)locality restrictions, control effects, scoping options, crossover effects, and effects of transitive binding versus co-binding. Also the approach fosters the emergence of grammatical roles (e.g. subject as more privileged than object), and a role for canonical forms or explicit name marking (e.g. case agreement).

This survey study explored the effects of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict on withdrawal behaviors at work (family interruptions at work, lateness to work, and absenteeism) among both members of 359 dual-earner couples. Using a systems theory framework, regression analyses revealed significant individual-level and crossover effects for both types of work-family conflict on withdrawal behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of the study of work-family conflict crossover effects on withdrawal behaviors at work are discussed.

The structural relaxation in glass-forming melts and glasses is responsible for such a phenomenon as the crossover effect when the dependence of physical properties (such as the elastic modulus, volume, refractive index, etc.) upon isothermal annealing of materials (preliminarily heat-treated at lower temperatures) is described by a curve with an extremum. The paper presents the results of the investigation into the crossover effect for the elastic moduli of amorphous alloys obtained upon quenching from the liquid state in the form of a ribbon 15–70 μm thick.

When do consumers complain? This study probes this question by developing a conceptual framework that includes multiple theoretical perspectives, empirically testing a portion of the proposed model, and using dissatisfaction/complaint data from three different service industries. The hypothesized model uses multidimensional consumer complaint response estimates including voice, private, and third-party responses as dependent variables. Results support several proposed relationships, provide a high level of explained variance, and indicate a moderating role for dissatisfaction intensity. The complaint response estimates are characterized by disparate influence pathways, and expectancy value judgments emerge as critical determinants with positive and negative crossover effects. Attitude toward complaining is more dominant under low dissatisfaction intensity than it is under the high dissatisfaction condition. Important differences emerge across service categories. Implications of this work for managers and researchers in understanding when consumers complain are enumerated.

A target group of 16 schizophrenics were compared with 48 college students on both the Rodnick and Shakow (1940) reaction time (RT) paradigm and a dual-task procedure designed to produce the early crossover effect innormals with a balanced order design. The dual-task procedure required subjects to perform a simple version of the continuous perfectionism task (CPT) during all of the preparatory intervals of the classical RT task. Analysis of the RT data showed significantly earlier RT crossover and greater RT slowing across groups on the dual-task procedure. As expected, schizophrenics were significantly slower and had significantly earlier crossover scores across tasks. A planned comparison showed that the experimentally induced early mean crossover of 8.01 sec found in the normal group on the dual-task procedure closely approximated, and was not significantly different from, the mean crossover of 8.36 sec for schizophrenics on the standard task. The increased RTs found in normals on the dual-task procedure never reached the pathological level of overall slowness shown by the schizophrenics. The results are viewed as compatible with both information processing theory and Shakow's (1962) loss of set explanation of schizophrenic attention deficit, and incompatible with Steffy and Galbraith's (1974) redundancy deficit theory. The findings suggest that separate neuropsychological mechanisms of cognitive preparatory attention and a more automatic vigilance form of attention may underlie the regular and irregular RT procedures of the traditional RT task.

On the basis of reaction time measurement, two well-known experimental indicators of attentional dysfunctions in schizophrenia were studied. These are the crossover effect (COE), induced by alternating preparatory intervals, and the modality shift effect (MSE), induced by alternating stimulus modalities. For the first time, the relationship between these indicators was examined. Correlations of both indicators with clinical variables such as psychopathology, subjective complaints, duration of illness and medication were also analyzed. Subjects were 50 schizophrenic inpatients and 50 healthy controls, 21 women and 29 men in each group. While earlier results for COE and MSE were replicable, no correlation between the two was found, leading to the conclusion that they involve different aspects of attention not necessarily impaired to the same extent in all patients.

Background Infant mortality has traditionally been analyzed as a function of birth weight and birth weight-specific mortality. Often, however, when comparing two populations, the population with higher overall mortality has lower mortality at low birth weights and a reversed pattern at higher birth weights. Methods standardizing birth weight, such as the "relative birth weight", have been proposed to eliminate these crossover effects, but such methods do not account for the separate contributions to birth weight of gestational age and fetal "growth." Methods Using data for singleton U.S. Blacks (n = 3,683,572) and Whites (n = 18,409,287), we compared neonatal mortality, gestational age, and the difference between the observed birth weight and the optimal birth weight (the weight at which neonatal mortality was lowest) among Black and White infants at the same relative birth weight. Results At relative birth weights below zero, gestational ages were, on average, 2.4 ± 1.5 (mean ± standard deviation) weeks shorter for Blacks than for Whites for the same relative birth weight. At relative birth weights above zero, no differences were observed in gestational age, but the optimal birth weight occurred at a much higher relative birth weight in Whites than in Blacks (4150 vs. 3550 g). Conclusions Our results suggest that comparisons of neonatal mortality between groups using "relative" birth weight may be potentially biased by differences in gestational age at low birth weights, and by the distance from the optimal birth weight at higher birth weights.

Heat capacity measurements have been made on triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic mixed crystals CsNi1−xFexCl3. CsNiCl3 has two successive magnetic phase transitions at TNi=4.74K and TN2=4.29K as a result of the spin frustration effect in triangular lattice. Substituting Ni atoms for Fe atoms makes TNi lower and eventually only one transition occurs for x=0.007 samples at TN=4.23K. As x increases further TN becomes higher, e.g., TN becomes 4.59K for x=0.03. These results are reasonably explained by the idea that the interaction between Ni2+ ions is drastically modified and the crossover occurs from Ising-like Heisenberg type to XY type interactions by the substitution of Fe2+ ions. The value of the critical exponents for specific heat near the phase transition also changes according to the crossover which is qualitatively in agreement with recent theoretical predictions.

We have argued that if we adopt an account of weak crossover that utilizes the notion antecedent-of, the weak crossover facts in Japanese can be accounted for under some independently motivated assumptions. In particular, under this approach, the absence of the weak crossover effect in (8b) ceases to be a problem for the hypothesis that scrambling is an instance of Move α. Since there are some phenomena that independently indicate that scrambling is to be analyzed in terms of Move α, the scrambling facts discussed in this short paper constitute evidence for the necessity of the notion antecedent-of.

The specific heat under saturated vapor pressure of pure 4He and of six 3He-4He mixtures up to X = 0.545 was measured in the temperature range 3 × 10−6

The kinetics of reversible short-range ordering (SRO) and crossover effect in the fully stabilized Fe15Ni63Si8B14 metallic glass were examined by measurements of electrical resistivity change. The kinetic parameters for reversible SRO in the narrow temperature range from 240 to 280° C were determined to be 1.93eV for the activation energy, 8.6×10−16sec for the preexponential factor and 2.3 for the width of the distribution of relaxation times on the assumption of a log-normal distribution. The crossover effect in reversible short-range ordering and disordering was clearly observed.

Crossover behaviour induced by lattice compressibility in a random magnet is studied using solutions of the renormalization group recursion relations to leading order in e=4−d. An effective exponent of the magnetic susceptibility is introduced and the size of the crossover region is estimated. Crossover scaling functions for the free energy, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility are also obtained.

The problem discussed here is to find a basis for a uniform treatment of the relation between pronouns and their antecedents, taking into account both linguists' and philosophers' approaches. The two main candidates would appear to be the linguists' notion of coreference and the philosophers' notion of pronouns as variables. The notion of coreference can be extended to many but not all cases where the antecedent is non-referential. The pronouns-as-variables approach appears to come closer to full generality, but there are some examples of ‘pronouns of laziness’ which appear to resist either of the two approaches.

Groups of male albino rats under 0-h food deprivation were compared to groups under 22-h food deprivation running to sucrose-pellet reward in the double alley. In addition to experimental groups switched from continuous to 50% reinforcement in the first goalbox (GB1), control groups never receiving reward in GB1 were used under both deprivation conditions. A substantial frustration effect (FE) was found for the 22-h-deprived groups; however, no reliable evidence of the FE was found with 0-h-deprived groups.