1. CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with DNA-conjugated antibodies
- Author
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Garry P. Nolan, Julia Kennedy-Darling, Vishal G. Venkataraaman, John W. Hickey, Darci J. Phillips, Nikolay Samusik, Yury Goltsev, Sarah Black, and Christian M. Schürch
- Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging ,Tissue Fixation ,Computer science ,Tissue imaging ,Image processing ,Computational biology ,Antibodies ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Medical imaging ,Animals ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Paraffin Embedding ,biology ,Oligonucleotide ,Hybridization probe ,Reproducibility of Results ,DNA ,Haplorhini ,3. Good health ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Imaging technology ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Antibody ,Biomarkers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Advances in multiplexed imaging technologies have drastically improved our ability to characterize healthy and diseased tissues at the single-cell level. Co-detection by indexing (CODEX) relies on DNA-conjugated antibodies and the cyclic addition and removal of complementary fluorescently labeled DNA probes and has been used so far to simultaneously visualize up to 60 markers in situ. CODEX enables a deep view into the single-cell spatial relationships in tissues and is intended to spur discovery in developmental biology, disease and therapeutic design. Herein, we provide optimized protocols for conjugating purified antibodies to DNA oligonucleotides, validating the conjugation by CODEX staining and executing the CODEX multicycle imaging procedure for both formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh-frozen tissues. In addition, we describe basic image processing and data analysis procedures. We apply this approach to an FFPE human tonsil multicycle experiment. The hands-on experimental time for antibody conjugation is ~4.5 h, validation of DNA-conjugated antibodies with CODEX staining takes ~6.5 h and preparation for a CODEX multicycle experiment takes ~8 h. The multicycle imaging and data analysis time depends on the tissue size, number of markers in the panel and computational complexity. This protocol describes co-detection by indexing, a highly multiplexed imaging technology that uses DNA-conjugated antibodies to image up to 60 markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen tissues.
- Published
- 2021
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