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Objectives the aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy, the duration of anesthesia, and the postoperative analgesia of lidocaine and bupivacaine and to determine any difference in hemodynamic parameters in patients who required impacted third molar removal. Materials and methods Thirty-eight patients between the ages of 18 and 40, with no systemic disease, were included in the study, with an indication of impacted lower third molar extraction. One of two local anesthetic agents (Marcaine and Jetokain Simplex) was randomly selected for tooth extractions. the parameters evaluated were the onset of anesthetic agent action, the duration of operation, the duration of postoperative analgesia, and postoperative visual analog scale scores. Hemodynamic parameters were observed and evaluated preoperatively and during the operation. All data were evaluated statistically. Results When the time of anesthesia onset was analyzed according to both anesthetic solutions, the difference was in favor of lidocaine (p = 0.01). the duration of action was longer in the bupivacaine group than in the lidocaine group (p = 0.00002). VAS values for the pain obtained during injection were lower in the lidocaine group (p = 0.009).However, according to the results of our study, the postoperative analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine is similar to that of lidocaine (p = 0.087). Conclusion After evaluation of these results, we can recommend the use of lidocaine and bupivacaine safely in dentistry practice. But long-duration effect of bupivacaine and the rapid effect of lidocaine may make lidocaine more preferable., 2017-DIS-0003, The anesthetic solutions used were provided by the researchers and the surgical fees were paid by the scientific research project. (project number: 2017-DIS-0003, scientific research project protocol no:6.101.2017.0022).

Coal continues to be a significant source of energy in the world. It is very important to utilize this energy source as much as possible, to operate unutilized loss reserves due to its characteristics. In this context, the necessity to continue studying on clean coal technologies was emphasized in terms of sustainability in energy production and its use, safety and environmental issues. Since approximately 50% of total coal deposits of the world are low rank, it is required to clean them by implementing different and efficient technologies to improve the utilization of low-rank coals. This review summarized the importance of clean coal technology, biological treatments until now, recent advances and future trends in coal biobeneficiation technologies as energy-conserving and environmentally friendly processes. Finally, in light of the data obtained from all studies, the basic steps for the possible use of biocleaning methods in industrial scale are also summarized in this review.

We have evaluated radiographic changes in mandibular bone texture before and after surgical therapies using fractal analysis and digital subtraction radiography (DSR). Preoperative and postoperative panoramic radiographs of 10 patients were acquired and converted into digital format. The procedures for calculating the fractal dimension (FD) were performed using Image J 1.38x software, and the mean gray values (MGVs) for digital subtraction were implemented using newly developed software (RAIN). Data were analyzed statistically with the paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. The differences between the FD values (p = 0.0019) and between the MGVs (p = 0.0181) of the preoperative and postoperative images were statistically significant; the correlation did not reach statistical significance, however (p > 0.05). FD analyses and DSR application are proposed for quantitative determination of bone changes. Further studies are planned to provide a more detailed evaluation of these methods.