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Strong, long-range dipole-dipole interactions between interlayer excitons (IXs) can lead to new multiparticle correlation regimes

For two-dimensional (2-D) incoherently distributed sources, this paper presents an effective angular parameter estimation method based on shift invariant structure (SIS) of the beamspace array manifold (BAM), named as SIS-BAM algorithm. In the proposed method, a shift invariance structure (SIS) of the observed vectors is firstly established utilizing a generalized array manifold of an uniform linear orthogonal array (ULOA). Secondly, based on Fourier basis vectors and the SIS, a beamspace transformation matrix can be performed. It projects received signals into the corresponding beamspace, so as to carry out dimension reduction of observed signals in beamspace domain. Finally, according to the SIS of beamspace observed vectors, the closed form solutions of the nominal azimuth and elevation are derived. Compared with the previous works, the presented SIS-BAM method provides better estimation performance, for example: 1) the computational complexity is reduced due to dealing with low-dimension beamspace signals and avoiding spectral search; 2) it can not only improve the angular parameter estimation accuracy but also have excellent robustness to the change of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and snapshot number. The theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characteristic of the wholesale destruction of the lung endothelial barrier, which results in protein-rich lung edema, influx of pro-inflammatory leukocytes, and intractable hypoxemia, contributing to high mortality. Kindlin-2 is involved in the process of tumor- and wound healing-associated inflammation. However, the effects of kindlin-2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that the concentration of kindlin-2 was elevated in the lungs of ALI mice. The specific deletion of kindlin-2 by kindlin-2 siRNA attenuated the severity of lung injury, which was demonstrated by the reduced number of pro-inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung wet/dry weight ratio, and ameliorated pathologic changes in the lungs of ALI mice. Furthermore, kindlin-2 siRNA decreased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the protein levels of pyroptosis-related proteins. In vitro studies confirmed that LPS + ATP promoted the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors and pyroptosis-related proteins, which was prevented by kindlin-2 siRNA pretreatment in endothelial cells (ECs). In conclusion, inhibition of kindlin-2 developes protective effects against LPS-induced ALI and the cytotoxicity of ECs, which may depend on blocking pyroptosis.

Introduction High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been proven to improve oxygenation and avoid intubation in hypoxemic patients. It has also been utilized during endoscopy examination to reduce the incidence of hypoxia. However, little is known about the effects of HFNC versus conventional oxygen therapy (COT) on oxygenation during bronchoscopy examination via nasal route; particularly, no study has compared the use of HFNC with that of COT at similar FIO2 for patients who have high-risk factors of desaturation during bronchoscopy examination. Methods and analysis This randomized controlled trial will be implemented in four academic centers in China. Patients who have high-risk factors including hypoxemia, hypercapnia, morbid obesity, and narrow airway will be enrolled to use HFNC or COT during bronchoscopy examination. In the HFNC group, the initial gas flow will be set at 50 L/min with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) at 0.45, if the patient tolerates, the flow can be increased to 60L/min at most, while in the COT group, oxygen flow will be set at 6 L/min via a conventional nasal cannula. After 5 min pre-oxygenation, the bronchoscope will be inserted via the nasal route. Vital signs, oxygenation (SpO2), and transcutaneous CO2 (PtCO2) will be continuously monitored. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxemia, defined as SpO2 < 90% for 10 s during bronchoscopy examination, and secondary outcomes include the need for treatment escalation and adverse events. Discussion Hypoxia is a common complication of bronchoscopy, our study attempted to demonstrate that HFNC may reduce the probability of hypoxia during bronchoscopy in high-risk patients. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conferences. Trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/: ChiCTR2100055038. Registered on 31 December 2021.

Purpose This national study aimed to investigate the lung ultrasound (LUS) training and practice of respiratory therapists (RTs) in mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional multicenter survey was conducted from May 22, 2021 to August 12, 2021, through online platforms. This survey included RTs in mainland China. The survey was divided into four sections: (1) demographic characteristics and basic information; (2) basic information about LUS training and practice; (3) LUS practice details; and (4) Other ultrasound training and practice. Results A total of 514 responses were received, and 494 valid responses were included in the analysis. 81.2% (401/494) participants’ highest degree of education was a bachelor’s degree, and 43.1% (213/494) participants were at level II in terms of job ranking. 99.2%(490/494) participants agreed that the RTs needed to learn lung ultrasound, but only 12.3% (61/494) participants had received a LUS training course. Further, 66.2% (327/494) experienced participants responded to Sect. 3. Most of RTs used LUS when the patient had hypoxia (265/327, 81%) or dyspnea (260/317, 79.5%); they also used it during spontaneous breathing trial(SBT) (191/327, 58.4%) or in prone position (177/327, 54.1%). The A-line (302/327, 92.4%), B-line (299/327, 91.4%), lung slide (263/327, 80.4%), and bat sign (259/327, 79.2%) were well known as LUS signs. Also, 30.6% (100/327) participants did not use the LUS protocol in their clinical practice, and only 25.4%(83/327) participants said they had used LUS scores. Moreover, 55.7% (182/327) participants frequently changed the respiratory therapy strategy according to LUS results. Conclusions We should improve the number and workplace of RTs in mainland China in the future. We should also standardize the application of LUS practice and training for RTs in mainland China and establish corresponding certification pathways.

We study potential security vulnerabilities of a single-photon detector based on superconducting transition-edge sensor. In a simple experiment, we show that an adversary could fake a photon number result at a certain wavelength by sending a larger number of photons at a longer wavelength. In another experiment, we show that the detector can be blinded by bright continuous-wave light and then, a controlled response simulating single-photon detection can be produced by applying a bright light pulse. We model an intercept-and-resend attack on a quantum key distribution system that exploits the latter vulnerability and, under certain assumptions, succeeds to steal the key., Comment: Replacing incorrectly uploaded previous versions. 6 page, 5 figures

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysm (IA). This study investigated the molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-144-5p (ex-miR-144-5p) and PTEN in IA. Ex-miR-144-5p expression was assessed in serum from individuals with ruptured intracranial aneurysm (RA) or unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UA), and healthy controls (HC). Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were co-cultured with exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with transfection of miR-144-5p mimic or miR-144-5p inhibitor. IA rats were induced by combing systemic hypertension and intrathecal elastase injection. VECs were transfected with miR-144-5p mimic or inhibitor to verify the impacts of miR-144-5p on cell viability and proliferation. The connection between miR-144-5p and PTEN was verified by luciferase activity assay. Our data proved that ex-miR-144-5p was decreased in both UA and RA patients. MiR-144-5p overexpression in MSCs-derived exosome promoted VEC viability, inhibited VEC proliferation of VEs, and decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteopontin (OPN). IA rats injected with ex-miR-144-5p mimic showed significant luminal dilation, declined smooth muscle layers, and thinned vascular wall. Besides, inhibited cell apoptosis and decreased protein expressions were also observed. However, ex-miR-144-5p inhibitor had the opposite effects both in vivo and in vitro. We validated that miR-144-5p directly targeted PTEN. MiR-144-5p mimic increased cell viability and proliferation and reduced protein expressions, which could be blunted by PTEN overexpression. This study suggests that miR-144-5p elevates PTEN expression, thereby boosting apoptosis and attenuating viability of VECs in IA.

Thousands of cubic meters of fluid are continuously injected for a long term to create complex fracture patterns in hydraulic fracturing of hot dry rocks. However, the physics and mechanics behind the interaction of fluid–rock are not fully understood at present. To reveal the related damage mechanisms of saturated rock samples such as damage initiation and evolution at various alternative stress levels, a series of in-house laboratory tests were performed on a TAW-series triaxial rock mechanics testing system, combined with ultrasound measurement and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. After saturation with nano-emulsion and distilled water, ultrasound velocity of longitudinal wave was increased by 40%. Saturation weakens these mechanical parameters such as the crack damage stress ratio, fracture toughness and cohesive strength under different stress conditions. Fluid-saturated rock sample has higher AE hit rate than dry rock sample. Meanwhile, many step-like jumps appeared on the curve of cumulative AE events. Failure envelop, b-value and frequency spectrum were analyzed out to compare the mechanical difference between fluid-saturated and dry rock samples. The experimental results demonstrate that the saturation increased the pore pressure in rocks and further promoted crack propagation in hydraulic fracturing. Moreover, nano-emulsion liquid is more advantageous than distilled water for enhancing fracture complexity. This investigation provides for better understanding of the mechanisms of complex fracture formation in deep geothermal reservoirs.

Imidazole (Im) and benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) formed deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as acidic catalyst and solvent for the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The DES formation involved an acid–base neutralization to produce equimolar salt from BSA and Im, and subsequent interaction between equimolar salt as hydrogen bond acceptor and excessive BSA as hydrogen bond donor. The BSA-rich DES [Im:1.5BSA] with a 1:1.5 molar ratio of Im:BSA and 10% dosage exhibited high catalytic activity for fructose dehydration with a 5-HMF yield of 90.1% at 100 °C after a very short reaction time (3 min). The bifunctionality of [Im:1.5BSA] for promoting reaction rates and catalytic activity of fructose dehydration has been identified by tuned acidity of DESs and hydrogen bond interaction among fructose, 5-HMF, and DESs demonstrated by conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) theory.

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous and fatal lung disease. In addition to dense fibrous tissue, abnormal angiogenesis is also an important feature of IPF. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a potential anti-fibrous factor. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of PEDF on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Methods In vivo, pathological examination and detection of related factors were performed on pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats, and the temporal and spatial distribution of PEDF was investigated. Furthermore, lung gene delivery (PEDF-adeno-associated virus) was performed to investigate the effect of PEDF on pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro, lentiviral vectors were used to construct PEDF over-expression or knock out primary rat lung (PRL) fibroblasts. The effect of PEDF on fibroblast activation under TGF-β1 stimulation was evaluated, and the activation of TGF-β1/smad pathway and PPAR-γ expression (in the presence or absence of PPAR-γ inhibitors) were analyzed. Results In vivo results showed that PEDF expression decreased during the inflammatory phase and increased during the fibrotic phase. PEDF could inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In vitro results showed that PEDF could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast activation and reduce the production of α-SMA and collagen-I. PEDF could inhibit the TGF-β1/smad pathway by up-regulating the activity of PPAR-γ. Conclusions PEDF can act as an anti-fibrotic factor, inhibit fibroblast activation by upregulating PPAR-γ activity and reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Traditional clustering algorithms clearly assign uncertain information into a single cluster, which does not fully indicate that a cluster may not have a clear boundary. For a large number of missing data, the traditional clustering method cannot achieve a good clustering effect on these datasets. Therefore, the idea of three-way decision is introduced into the traditional k-means clustering, as a result, the knowledge of set-pair information granule be combined. This paper presents a three-way clustering method which can process missing values effectively. First, for missing values, the granularity corresponding to missing values are recorded as the degree of difference. Next, the algorithm is going to establish the distance between the samples and the clustering centers according to the set-pair theory. All samples are assigned into clusters according to the size of the distance, and the clustering results with three-way are formed, which are positive region, boundary region and negative region, which improves the structure of clustering results. The samples of positive region certainly belong to this cluster; the samples of boundary region may belong to this cluster; the samples of negative region don’t belong to this cluster; and the clustering results are represented by the three regions together. Finally, the validity of the algorithm is verified by UCI dataset great work.

In order to reduce noise in gamma-ray spectrum measured by carbon/oxygen logging instrument, an improved wavelet thresholding algorithm was proposed in this paper. This algorithm established a thresholding function with an adjustable parameter, which could obtain various filtering performances by means of different parameters, and then a modified genetic algorithm combined with opposition-based learning theory was put forward to optimize the parameter and wavelet thresholds. By using Monte Carlo simulation, the objective function of the modified genetic algorithm was determined. Finally, the actual measured spectra processing results of the optimized wavelet thresholding algorithm was compared with traditional thresholding algorithms and other filtering algorithms, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified based on signal-to-noise ratio index.

The slip velocity between phases is an important parameter for evaluating the volumetric flow rate of each phase in vertical pipes. This paper presents an improved empirical correction for calculating the slip velocity of two-phase, oil-water bubble flows in large-diameter vertical pipes, based on a series of experimental tests. Water holdup data were obtained through experiments on an oil-water mixture flowing through a transparent test section in a 16-m-long vertical pipe with an inner diameter of 124 mm. The water holdup ranged from 0.58 to 1, and the observed flow pattern was bubble flow. Based on these experimental data, a modified correction was developed to improve the accuracy of the prediction of slip velocity for oil-water bubble flow systems. In addition, the proposed correction was validated against published experimental data for pipes with diameters of 2–6 in. The performance of the proposed correction against an experimental dataset (from our tests and published data) was also compared with that of six other, widely accepted corrections. The proposed correction predicted the slip velocity of two-phase, oil-water bubble flow in large-diameter vertical pipes more accurately than previous corrections did.

An effective tumor vaccine vector that can rapidly display neoantigens is urgently needed. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can strongly activate the innate immune system and are qualified as immunoadjuvants. Here, we describe a versatile OMV-based vaccine platform to elicit a specific anti-tumor immune response via specifically presenting antigens onto OMV surface. We first display tumor antigens on the OMVs surface by fusing with ClyA protein, and then simplify the antigen display process by employing a Plug-and-Display system comprising the tag/catcher protein pairs. OMVs decorated with different protein catchers can simultaneously display multiple, distinct tumor antigens to elicit a synergistic antitumour immune response. In addition, the bioengineered OMVs loaded with different tumor antigens can abrogate lung melanoma metastasis and inhibit subcutaneous colorectal cancer growth. The ability of the bioengineered OMV-based platform to rapidly and simultaneously display antigens may facilitate the development of these agents for personalized tumour vaccines., Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), non-replicative particles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, are known for their immunostimulatory and adjuvant properties. Here, by employing a Plug-and-Display technology, the authors engineer OMVs to display tumor antigens on the surface, a platform that promotes anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

The limited availability of studies on the natural convection heat transfer characteristics of fluoride salt has hindered progress in the design of passive residual heat removal systems (PRHRS) for molten salt reactors. This paper presents results from a numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer characteristics of fluoride salt and heat pipes in the drain tank of a PRHRS. Simulation results are compared with experimental data, demonstrating the accuracy of the calculation methodology. Temperature distribution of fluoride salt and heat transfer characteristics are obtained and analyzed. The radial temperature of liquid fluoride salt in the drain tank shows a uniform distribution, while temperatures increase with increase in axial height from the bottom to the top of the drain tank. In addition, natural convection intensity increases with increase in height of the heat pipes in the tank. Spacing between heat pipes has no obvious effect on the natural convection heat transfer coefficient. This study will contribute to the design of passive heat removal systems for advanced nuclear reactors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease and patients with HCC frequently die from metastasis. The mechanisms of HCC metastasis are not completely understood. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo data showed that HCC cells promoted cancer cell proliferation and lung metastases formation in a paracrinal/endocrinal way. We found that HCC-derived exosomes mediated this phenomenon and observed enhanced cell adhesion in the presence of these malignant exosomes. We further identified that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulated the adhesive molecules. Intriguingly, attached HCC cells released exosomes containing both SMAD Family Member 3 (SMAD3) protein and mRNA, which were delivered to detached HCC cells and facilitated their adhesion. These exosomes induced enhanced SMAD3 signaling in the recipient HCC cells and increased their adhesive ability. In addition, we showed that SMAD3-abundant exosomes existed in the peripheral blood of patients with HCC, and their levels correlated with disease stage and the SMAD3 expression of primary tumors. Our study suggested a possible mechanism by which primary HCC supported metastases formation and revealed the role of SMAD3 in the exosomes-mediated crosstalk between primary and circulating HCC cells.

Unconstrained face verification aims to verify whether two specify images contain the same person. In this paper, we propose a deep Bayesian convolutional neural network (DBCNN) framework to extract facial features and measure their similarity for face verification in unconstrained conditions. Specifically, we design a deep convolutional neural network and construct a Bayesian probabilistic model by transferring the Bayesian likelihood ratio function into linear decision function. By training a decision line rather than finding a suitable threshold, we further enlarge the distances between inter-class and intra-class in unconstrained environment. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate our method on LFW, CACD-VS and MegaFace datasets. The test results on LFW and CACD-VS datasets show that our method can shrink intra-class variations significantly. The performance of our DBCNN model on MegaFace dataset proves that our model can achieve comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods on face verification with relative small training data and only one single network.

Grain refinement is a critical approach to improve the strength of materials without damaging the toughness. The grains of deformation-induced ferrite are considerably smaller than those of proeutectoid ferrite. Grain refinement is crucial to the application of deformation-induced ferrite. The composition of ferrite and bainite or martensite is important in controlling the performance of X70HD pipeline steel, and cooling significantly influences the control of their ratio and grain size. By analyzing the static and dynamic phase-transition points using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator, thermal simulations were performed through two-stage deformations in the austenite zone. Ferrite transformation rules were studied with thermal simulation tests under different deformation and cooling parameters based on the actual production of cumulative deformation. The influence of deformation parameters on the microstructure transformation was analyzed. Numerous fine-grain deformation-induced ferrites were obtained by regulating various parameters, including deformation temperature, strain rate, cooling rate, final cooling temperature and other parameters. Results of metallographic observation and microtensile testing revealed that the selection of appropriate parameters can refine the grains and improve the performance of the X70HD pipeline steel.

Background Tamoxifen resistance presents a huge clinical challenge for breast cancer patients. An understanding of the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance can guide development of efficient therapies to prevent drug resistance. Methods We first tested whether peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) may be involved in tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer cells. The effect of depleting or inhibiting PAD2 in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF7/TamR) cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the potential of Cl-amidine, a PAD inhibitor, to be used in combination with tamoxifen or docetaxel, and further explored the mechanism of the synergistic and effective drug regimen of PADs inhibitor and docetaxel on tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Results We report that PAD2 is dramatically upregulated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Depletion of PAD2 in MCF7/TamR cells facilitated the sensitivity of MCF7/TamR cells to tamoxifen. Moreover, miRNA-125b-5p negatively regulated PAD2 expression in MCF7/TamR cells, therefore overexpression of miR-125b-5p also increased the cell sensitivity to tamoxifen. Furthermore, inhibiting PAD2 with Cl-amidine not only partially restored the sensitivity of MCF7/TamR cells to tamoxifen, but also more efficiently enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel on MCF7/TamR cells with lower doses of Cl-amidine and docetaxel both in vivo and in vivo. We then showed that combination treatment with Cl-amidine and docetaxel enhanced p53 nuclear accumulation, which synergistically induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Meanwhile, p53 activation in the combination treatment also accelerated autophagy processes by synergistically decreasing the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling, thus enhancing the inhibition of proliferation. Conclusion Our results suggest that PAD2 functions as an important new biomarker for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers and that inhibiting PAD2 combined with docetaxel may offer a new approach to treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers.

Desiccation tolerance has been long considered as an important trait for the life survival under acute environmental stress. One of the biggest problems for modern commercial crab farming is desiccation during transportation; high mortality could occur following the aerial exposure. In this regard, here, we utilized RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling to characterize the molecular responses of swimming crab in response to aerial exposure. In present study, following aerial exposure, the gill samples were sequenced at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. And the sequenced reads were assembled into 274,594 contigs, with average length of 735.59 bp and N50 size of 1262 bp. After differential expression analysis, a total of 1572 genes were captured significantly differentially expressed, and were categorized into antioxidant/oxidative stress response, chaperones/heat shock proteins, immune alteration, cell proliferation/apoptosis, and cytoskeletal. Our analysis revealed the dramatic tissue oxidant stress and the alteration of the tissue epithelial integrity, especially many genes that have not been reported in crab species. With the limited functional information in crab, further studies are needed and underway in our lab to further characterize the key cellular actors governing the crab tolerance to aerial exposure. Taken together, our results provide molecular resources for further identification of key genes for desiccation tolerance, and to facilitate the molecular selection and breeding of desiccation tolerant strain and family.

In modern computer systems, system event logs have always been the primary source for checking system status. As computer systems become more and more complex, the interaction between software and hardware increases frequently. The components will generate enormous log information, including running reports and fault information. The sheer quantity of data is a great challenge for analysis relying on the manual method. In this paper, we implement a management and analysis system of log information, which can assist system administrators to understand the real-time status of the entire system, classify logs into different fault types, and determine the root cause of the faults. In addition, we improve the existing fault correlation analysis method based on the results of system log classification. We apply the system in a cloud computing environment for evaluation. The results show that our system can classify fault logs automatically and effectively. With the proposed system, administrators can easily detect the root cause of faults.

Texture classification of images is an important problem in texture analysis, with the goal to assign an unknown sample image to one of a set of known texture classes. Many procedures have been proposed. However, traditional texture classification methods are often complicated and time-consuming. In addition, the whole original data set has to be known in advance. This paper presents a novel approach to texture classification that employs cross-covariance matrices in the compressive measurement domain. Since there is a linear relation between the cross-covariance matrix in the measurement domain and that in the transform domain, the characteristics of the original signals can be reflected through the sampling measurements. By abstracting the measurement-domain cross-covariance matrices of each image class, we build a texton dictionary composed of the cross-covariance vectors and then train each image class according to the texton dictionary. Through comparison with all the training results, test images are classified as the matching one. Experiments show that the texture classification method proposed in this paper has better accuracy, with only 14–50 % processing time than the existing methods.

In this paper, we study the estimation variance of a set of global illumination algorithms based on indirect light path reuse. These algorithms usually contain two passes — in the first pass, a small number of indirect light samples are generated and evaluated, and they are then reused by a large number of reconstruction samples in the second pass. Our analysis shows that the covariance of the reconstruction samples dominates the estimation variance under high reconstruction rates and increasing the reconstruction rate cannot effectively reduce the covariance. We also find that the covariance represents to what degree the indirect light samples are reused during reconstruction. This analysis motivates us to design a heuristic approximating the covariance as well as an adaptive sampling scheme based on this heuristic to reduce the rendering variance. We validate our analysis and adaptive sampling scheme in the indirect light field reconstruction algorithm and the axis-aligned filtering algorithm for indirect lighting. Experiments are in accordance with our analysis and show that rendering artifacts can be greatly reduced at a similar computational cost.

The dioecious relic Cercidiphyllum japonicum is one of two species of the sole genus Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae). Using an Illumina platform, we sequenced its complete chloroplast genome. Our study reveals that C. japonicum have a typical cp genome of 159,854 bp in length, comprised of a large single-copy region of 88,035 bp, a small single-copy region of 30,535 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 20,642 bp, respectively. A total of 131 genes, 84 of which are protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and one pseudogenes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicate that C. japonicum is closely related to the species of Sinowilsonia henryi.

The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, based on spine trauma epidemiology and the concepts of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since the specialized treatment for spine trauma are no significant difference between civilian settings and modern war, the first aid, emergency treatment and early treatment of spine trauma are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. In Level I facilities, the fast and accurate evaluation of spine trauma followed by fixation and stabilization are recommended during the first-aid stage. Re-evaluation, further treatment for possible hemorrhagic shock, dyspnea and infection are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, it is recommended to strengthen the intensive care and the prevention of urinary system and lung infection for the wounded with severe spinal injury, however, spinal surgery is not recommended in a battlefield hospital. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.

The (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06Ti(1 − x)(Lu0.5Nb0.5)xO3 (BNBT–xLN, x = 0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07) ceramics were designed to investigate their dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage and electrostriction properties. All ceramics illustrated single pseudo-cubic perovskite structure and densely stacked microstructure. The LN doping disturbed the long-range ordered ferroelectric phase, which was confirmed by the depressed P–I–E loops and S–E curves. The excellent piezoelectric response was realized in the coexistence region of the ferroelectric polar and weak-polar phases. A significant enhancement of electric field-induced strains (Smax = 0.42%) with a large average normalized strain coefficient (d33* = Smax/Emax) of 602.41 pm/V, electrostriction coefficient (Q33 = 0.0334 m4/C2) was achieved at x = 0.02. And a high energy storage density of 0.72 J/cm3 was obtained at x = 0.03. As a result, the systematic investigations on the BNBT–xLN ceramics can benefit the developments of low electric field piezoelectric and energy storage devices.

The emergency treatment of thoracic injuries varies of general conditions and modern warfare. However, there are no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for thoracic injuries in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA). An expert consensus has been reached based on the epidemiology of thoracic injuries and the concept of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since there are no differences in the specialized treatment for thoracic injuries between general conditions and modern warfare, first aid, emergency treatment, and early treatment of thoracic injuries are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. At Level I facilities, tension pneumothorax and open pneumothorax are recommended for initial assessment during the first aid stage. Re-evaluation and further treatment for hemothorax, flail chest, and pericardial tamponade are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, simple surgical operations such as emergency thoracotomy and debridement surgery for open pneumothorax are recommended. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.

The characteristics and treatment of pelvic fractures vary between general conditions and modern war. An expert consensus has been reached based on pelvic injury epidemiology and the concepts of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. According to this consensus, first aid, emergency treatment and early treatment of pelvic fractures are introduced in three separate levels. In Level I facilities, simple triage and rapid treatment following the principles of advanced trauma life support are recommended to evaluate combat casualties during the first-aid stage. Re-evaluation, further immobilization and fixation, and hemostasis are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, the main components of damage control surgery are recommended, including comprehensive hemostasis, a proper resuscitation strategy, the treatment of concurrent visceral and blood vessel damage, and battlefield intensive care. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.