Search

Retrospective epidemiological study.To determine the characteristics of sports-related spinal cord injury (SCI) in China and assess changes in the trend of these injuries that may impact policy making.China Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRC), Beijing.Of the 2448 SCI cases reviewed, 6.7% (n = 164) were caused by sport- and recreation-related accidents. They were admitted to the CRRC between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019. We collected data on age, sex, etiology, the neurological level of injury, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) scores on admission, and the neurological recovery results at discharge.Dancing (58.6%), followed by water sports (14.7%) and taekwondo (4.2%) were the leading etiologies. Of the SCIs caused by dancing, 27.1% of the individuals had incomplete injury, and of these, 57.7% showed improved neurological function. However, 72.9% had complete injury, and these individuals did not show any improvement in neurological function. Individuals with dance-related SCIs graded as A and D according to the AIS, showed no significant improvement in their motor function scores at the time of discharge. While the scores of those graded B and C increased significantly, there were no significant differences in the light touch and pin touch scores.The etiology of sports-related SCI in China has changed dramatically, with dancing replacing water sports as the primary cause of SCIs. Individuals with dance-related SCIs have a poor prognosis. In China, prevention of dance-related SCIs has become a priority.

The film industry is currently witnessing a severe shortage of good stories and a decline in storytelling art. Meanwhile, creative computing has been employed successfully in the humanities, especially in the fields of art. Seeing the similarities between the process of film-story creation and that of creative computing, we propose a theoretical framework across the two domains, where the exploratory, the combinational and the transformational rules are jointly utilized to generate new ideas and provide potential options in film-story creation. The framework consists of a film knowledge library, a creative computing system, an evaluation model and an output module. The combination of creative computing and film story creation not only helps to produce novel storylines, shorten the creation cycle, and speed up film industry, but also contributes to the novelty and specificity of interdisciplinary studies.

The present study was undertaken to develop the device that can be used to harvest adipose tissue for fat grafting with an airtight, minimal-invasive, and fast approach. The abdominal liposuction was performed in six women under local tumescent anesthesia. Fat from left abdomen was harvested by the classical 20-ml-syringe technique while fat from right abdomen was harvested by a reformative vacuum-assisted suction device (negative pressure, 25 to 35 kPa). This device includes a 1-L sterile canister, a cannula with 2.5 mm inner diameter, a conventional liposuction machine, and a one-way valve connected between the canister and the liposuction machine. The operative time of harvesting 200-ml fat grafts was recorded and calculated. The collected adipose tissue was used for adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) extraction and culture, glucose transport test (GTT), and bacteriological culture. First, we found that the operative time of harvesting 200-ml adipose tissue using 20-ml-syringe aspiration technique was 71.3 ± 4.3 min compared with 30 ± 3.5 min by the new device (p 0.05). Additionally, the samples harvested from both methods showed no bacterial growth. The results from the XTT test revealed that there was no significant difference on ADSCs growth between two methods (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results support that the innovative device for adipose tissue harvesting is minimal-invasive, fast, and can prevent the fat grafts from contamination.

Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) has been investigated in randomized controlled trials with the goals of reducing side effects and treatment burden. There is accumulating evidence that local control for multi-fraction APBI is not inferior to whole breast irradiation (WBI) but an external beam prescription that can be safely delivered in five consecutive days has not been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate an APBI prescription delivered once per day in 1 week. This is a single-arm, phase II, prospective cohort study. Two hundred seventy-four eligible women with newly diagnosed, early-stage, invasive, or in situ ductal carcinoma treated with breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection who are candidates for whole breast radiation without a boost will be recruited. Twenty-seven Gray (Gy) in five fractions will be delivered once daily over five consecutive working days to the target volume. The primary outcome is the rate of global cosmetic deterioration from an excellent or good score at baseline (prior to radiation therapy) to a fair or poor score at 2 years after treatment. The study is powered to demonstrate non-inferiority compared to the use of WBI arm in the RAPID trial. The ACCEL trial aims to demonstrate the safe and effective delivery of a five-fraction APBI treatment using IMRT or 3D-conformal radiation. The study is designed to account for an updated α/β ratio for breast tissue and compares cosmesis to the WBI arm of the RAPID trial. The ACCEL trial was registered in February 2016 and began accrual in the subsequent May. This trial will assess the cosmetic and normal tissue outcomes of external beam APBI delivered in 1 week for early-stage breast cancer. Registration number: NCT02681107 ( clinicaltrials.gov ), registered February 2, 2016.

A comparison synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles bearing isoxazole ether was developed between conventional and microwave-assisted heating. Single/double 1,2,3-triazoles bearing isoxazole ether were synthesized by click reaction starting from substituted isoxazolyl alkyne compounds and substituted benzyl azide compounds or neopen-tylglycol diazide in the presence of copper(I) that in-situ generated. Herein, the effect of different catalysts on the yield was researched by conventional method, and the optimal catalyst was selected. The structures of all the synthe-sized compounds were confirmed by MS, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Moreover, the crystal structure of 5-{[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]methyl}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazole(2h) was determined.

To study the efficacy of modified Wuzhuyu Decoction Granule (加减吴茱萸汤颗粒, MWDG) in the treatment of migraine patients with cold and stasis obstructing meridian syndrome. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 78 migraine patients with cold and stasis obstructing meridian syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned by a ratio of 2:1 into a treatment group (51 cases) and a placebo group (27 cases). Patients in the treatment group were treated with MWDG while placebo granules were applied in the control group. The treatment course lasted for 12 weeks with a follow-up of 4 weeks. The primary outcome measures included frequency and days of migraine attacks and the secondary outcome measures were analgesics consumption and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. All outcome assessments were conducted respectively at baseline, the 4th, 8th and 12th week, and the end of follow-up. In the treatment group, significant decrease in frequency of migraine attacks were observed since the 4th week and that of analgesics consumption since the 8th week (both P 0.05). MWDG was probably effective in the treatment of migraine especially for alleviating pain intensity. Furthermore, MWDG could reduce the frequency of migraine attacks and analgesics consumption sooner than the placebo.

The fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) specimens for P92 steel weld were produced by welding thermal simulator, then the simulated specimens were aged at 923 K for 0∼5000 h. The Laves phase parameters of FGHAZ were measured using SEM-back-scattered electron, and a two-dimensional (2D) precipitate/matrix model was used to calculate the stress-strain concentration at Laves phase/matrix interface by ANSYS. The results indicate that the maximum precipitated quantity of Laves phase in both FGHAZ and base metal (BM) is around 1.0%; however, the time to the saturated value is about 500 h shorter in the FGHAZ than in the BM, meanwhile. In fact, the differences in precipitation and coarsening of Laves phase between the FGHAZ and BM are closely correlated to the grain size. Furthermore, the matrix of FGHAZ is softened due to its polygonal sub-grains with low dislocation densities replacing the martensitic lath structure. The concentration of stress-strain at the Laves phase/matrix interface is larger in the FGHAZ than in BM, resulting from its softened matrix and coarser Laves phase, which contributes to the formation of creep voids on grain boundaries. Among these two factors, the softening of matrix has more significant influence on the formation of creep voids over the coarsening of Laves phase.

An efficient ligand-free fluoroalkoxylation of unactivated aryl bromides has been developed, with special attention focused on practicability of the reaction. Without precious metal and organic ligand, the reaction was carried out under the catalytic system of inexpensive copper(I) bromide as a catalyst, N,N-dimethyl formamide as a cocatalyst, and the corresponding stoichiometric sodium fluoroalkoxide as a nucleophilic reagent. The facile approach avoids the drawbacks associated with cost, separation and pollution of ligand to enable sustainable access to aryl fluoroalkyl ethers from readily available bromoarenes.

Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase and belongs to the extracellular signal-regulated kinases/microtubule-associated protein kinase families (Erks/MAPKs). Previous studies have indicated that abnormal expressions of NLK played critical roles in various types of human cancers. Recent studies suggested that NLK expression was significantly upregulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. However, the clinical significance of NLK expression in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance of NLK in HCC and found that high expression of NLK was significantly associated with Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.002), tumor size (P = 0.022), and no. of tumor nodules (P

A ligand-free, powerful, and practical method for mono and polymethoxylation of unactivated aryl bromides has been developed; CuCl was used as catalyst, HCOOMe as cocatalyst, and methanolic MeONa as both nucleophile and solvent. This eco-friendly procedure is characterized by operational simplicity, inexpensive substrates (unactivated mono to polybromoarenes), full conversion, and direct recovery of pure MeOH.

3D rolling is a novel forming process for manufacturing 3D surface parts by employing a pair of forming rolls as a forming tool. By controlling the nonuniform distribution of roll gap of the forming rolls, residual stress of the sheet metal makes the sheet metal bend in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously. As the roll adjusting radius is much larger than the target transverse curvature radius of the forming surface, the forming roll could rotate around its axis easily, which is suitable for producing 3D surface parts including the wide sheet metal with relatively small transversal curvature radius. In this paper, different roll adjusting radii are investigated for 3D surface parts, and the 3D rolling process has been improved to increase the length of effectively forming region of the forming parts and improve the utilization rate of sheet metal. Finite element analysis models are established; spherical and saddle surfaces are simulated. The corresponding experimental results are obtained. The dimensional accuracy of the forming part is measured, and the differences of the forming processes are analyzed by comparing the simulated results. The comparison and analysis of the forming results show the feasibility of the improved method of 3D rolling process for 3D surface parts.

An undecorated Co(OAc)2-catalyzed aerobic oxidation system has been reported that enables direct transformation of 4-benzylphenols into the corresponding 4-hydroxybenzophenones. The procedure is especially suitable for electron-withdrawing group-containing substrates, which are commonly inefficient to conduct this category of oxidation. Based on well-defined p-benzoquinone methides and the confirmed ethereal intermediate, a plausible mechanism was depicted.

With the growth of population and economy, water demand has increased significantly in all the over world. However, the water consumptions in Haihe River basin located in the Northern part of China has decreased in recent years. Haihe River basin, covers the provinces of Beijing and Tianjin and parts of other six provinces of China is considered as the center of politics, economics, and cultural of China. Therefore, decreasing water demand in Haihe River basin has attracted the attention of hydrologists and decision makers. A study has been carried out in this paper by using information entropy theory to understand the possible causes of changing water consumptions in Haihe River basin. Results show that entropy value of water consumption system of Haihe River basin has increased from 0.72 in 1980 to 0.91 in 2008. The balance degree of water consumptions has also increased from 0.68 in 1980 to 0.89 in 2008. The results indicate that the water consumption structure of the basin has become more stable with time. The dominance of agricultural water consumption has weakened, the industrial consumption has stabled, and the domestic and ecological water consumptions have increased. The study reveals that land conversion from agrarian to industrial and higher water efficiency in industrial production have reduced the total water consumption in the basin. Water management approaches base on total quantity control and quota management have been proposed in this study for further reduction of water demand in the basin.

Spacecrafts with the pure gravity environment are of great significance in precision navigation, gravity field measurement for celestial bodies, and basic physics experiments. The radiometer effect is one of the important interfering factors on the proof mass in a purely gravitational orbit. For the gravity field measurement system based on the inner-formation flying, the relationship between the radiometer effect on the innersatellite and the system parameters is studied by analytical and numerical methods. An approximate function of the radiometer effect suitable for the engineering computation and the correction factor are obtained. The analytic results show that the radiometer effect on the inner-satellite is proportional to the average pressure while inversely proportional to the average temperature in the outer-satellite cavity. The radiometer effect increases with the temperature difference in the cavity, and its minimum exists when the cavity radius increases. When the minimum of the radiometer effect arrives, the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is 1.189 4. This constant is determined by the spherical cavity configuration and independent of the temperature and pressure distributions. When the ratio of the cavity radius to the inner-satellite radius is more than 10, it is believed that the cavity is large enough, the radiometer effect is approximately proportional to the square of the inner-satellite radius, and the influence of the outer-satellite cavity radius on the radiometer effect can be ignored.

Spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces are important in precision navigation, gravity field measurement and basic scientific research. The Inner-formation Flying System, one kind of spacecrafts free of all but gravitational forces, is used for gravitational field measurement with high precision. Restraining the interfering factors on the inner-satellite is one of the keys to gravitational field measurement. Radiometer effect and residual gas damping are both interfering forces on the inner-satellite caused by gas molecules. By analyzing the mechanism of the two forces, a coupled model for radiometer effect and residual gas damping was established, which contained the coupling term and reflected the actual force of gas molecules on the innersatellite. The simulation results showed the coupling property of radiometer effect and residual gas damping: The actual force of gas molecules is directly proportional to the average pressure in the cavity and the largest cross-sectional area of the inner-satellite, but is inversely proportional to the square root of the average temperature in the cavity.

Alloplastic implants may be used in augmentation rhinoplasty but are associated with thinning of the skin over the implant as well as extrusion and translucency of the implant. To minimize these complications, this report describes a combined alloplastic implant and autologous dermal graft for dorsal and tip augmentation rhinoplasty. Of 37 Chinese patients, 35 (94.6 %) were satisfied with the outcome of this procedure during a follow-up period of up to 24 months, and no implant extrusions occurred. The preliminary findings indicate that a combined alloplastic implant and autologous dermis graft is appropriate for nasal augmentation, especially for patients with thin tip skin. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes has recently made great progress, and Bi-based tapes (1 G) and YBCO coated conductor (2 G) are commercially fabricated with practical length. Application of HTS in electric power apparatuses made important achievement, various superconducting devices were demonstrated in grid, laying solid foundation for their commercialization. However, since their intrinsic microscopic defects such as weak-link, granularity, small second phase likely exist, critical current and index n value of the HTS tapes in practical length are impossible homogeneous, which have significant influences on safety, stability and efficiency of the HTS apparatuses. Therefore, critical current and index n value are two important parameters describing inhomogeneity of HTS tapes, thus two important indices for evaluating quality of practical long HTS tapes. This paper focuses on main progresses in inhomogeneity of critical current and index n value measurements on HTS tapes using contact-free methods. The statistical analytical methods evaluating the inhomogeneity of critical current and index n value are suggested. They can provide essential references for design and operation of HTS apparatuses.

An efficient method was developed for synthesising isoxazoles. A series of novel bis-isoxazole ether compounds VI, VII and VIII were synthesised starting from different substituted aldehydes (I) via a 1,3-dispolar cycloaddition using Zn/Zn2+ as a catalyst; these were characterised by FT-IR, HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of the synthesised products were investigated. The synthesised compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities in comparison with the standard drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole. It was found that Candida albicans was sensitive to 2-substituted phenyl bis-isoxazole ethers bearing pyridyl.

An efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes was developed. Bis(indolyl)methanes were synthesized starting from various aromatic aldehydes with indole under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions (85–98 %). Solid support SiO2 was found to possess favorable catalytic and dispersancy parameters for the condensation reaction. Moreover, novel bis(indolyl)methanes containing an isoxazole ring were synthesized via this method in excellent yields (> 94 %) using 3-substituted isoxazole-5-carbaldehydes and indole.

The reactive process for Al/SiCP composite was studied. SiC particles were in-situ coated by the exothermal reaction of SiC-Ti powder compact in Al melt bath, and easily incorporated into Al melt. The detailed study was carried out to understand the microstructures of the reacted SiC particles. During the reaction and consequent mixing, the successive processes include in-situ coating on the reacted SiC particles, coat dissolution and SiCP splitting. The tensile mechanical properties of 6013Al/SiCP composite processed by the present technology showed that the reacted SiCP considerably reinforced the 6013 matrix.